IGuinea Esenkabazwe—Indlu Yengcebo Yezimangaliso

Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eGuinea Esenkabazwe

EAFRIKA kunezwe lapho izindlovu nezimfene zohlobo lwamagorilla zisehla zenyuka emahlathini, lapho ezohwebo zinganakwa khona, lapho abantwana besavayizela abadlula ngendlela. Futhi ngaphandle kwaseAfrika, bambalwa abaye bezwa ngalo.

Igama lalo—iGuinea Esenkabazwe—alilona igama eliqanjwe ngephutha. Lelizwe, elicishe libe ngangeBelgium ngobukhulu, licishe ligxamalazele inkabazwe. NgoDecember 1990, ngavakashela izifunda ezimbili eziyinhloko: isiqhingi saseBioko naseMbini, okuwucezu oluncane lwaseAfrika.

Ukumangala kwami kokuqala kwakuwukuzwa ukuthi eziningi zezakhamuzi zalo ezingu-350 000 zikhuluma isiPanishi ngokushelela ngaphezu kwezilimi zazo zomdabu. Ngathola ukuthi laliye laba wukuphela kwezwe elikhuluma isiPanishi eAfrika ngenxa yesinye salezozehlakalo ezididayo zomlando wamakoloni.

Ukuxhumana NeYurophu

Eminyakeni engu-20 ngaphambi kokuba uColumbus athole iMelika, itilosi lasePortugal uFernão do Pó wayehlola iGulf of Guinea lapho ebona isiqhingi sentaba-mlilo esiluhlaza cwé saseBioko. Ubuhle baso bamhlaba umxwele kangangokuba wasiqamba igama lokuthi iFormosa (Lihle). Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva omunye umhloli wamazwe odumile, uSir Henry Stanley, wasichaza ngokuthi “itshe eliyigugu lasolwandle.”

Kodwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ubuhle obuhlanzekile balesifunda boniwa ukuhweba ngezigqila okubi. Ukubaluleka kwendawo iBioko neCorisco (esinye isiqhingi saseGuinea esingaphandlana nje kogu lwaseMbini) ezikuyo kwazenza zafanelekela ukuba zibe izindawo zokuposela izigqila zaseAfrika eningizimu nasenyakatho yeMelika. Kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka le-16 kuya kwele-19, amakhulu ezinkulungwane ezigqila adlula kuleziqhingi ezimbili.

Ilungelo lamaPutukezi lokuba iBioko nogu oluseduze kube ngokwawo ladluliselwa eSpain ngo-1778 ukuze kuxazulule ukungezwani okwakuphakathi kwalamazwe amabili ngokumayelana namalungelo okuzithathela amakoloni kude lé eNingizimu Melika. Ngalendlela iSpain yathola umthombo wayo wezigqila eAfrika futhi yadela ilungelo layo lokuzithathela amakoloni endaweni yamaPutukezi eBrazil.

Kodwa imingcele yayingacacanga kahle, futhi abenzi bamakoloni baseSpain babembalwa ngenani. Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, phakathi nokulwela kweYurophu amakoloni aseAfrika, iFrance neJalimane angena ezwekazini, kuyilapho iBrithani yayihalela isiqhingi saseBioko. Akwenzekanga lutho kwaze kwaba ngo-1900 lapho imingcele yeGuinea Esenkabazwe ekugcineni ilungiswa, okwathi ngemva kwakho yahlala iyikoloni laseSpain kwaze kwaba yilapho ithola ukuzibusa ngo-1968.

“Ukumoyizela Kuyabuyiselwa”

Ngathola abantu baseGuinea Esenkabazwe beyinhlanganisela yezinhlanga ehlaba umxhwele. KunamaBube esiqhingini saseBioko, kuyilapho emadolobheni amabili amakhulu, kuvelele amaHausa ayimidondoshiya. Angabafuduki abavela enyakatho futhi angabahwebi abayinhloko baseGuinea. Uhlanga lwamaFang luwuhlanga olukhulu kunazo zonke engxenyeni yezwe eyikoloni, futhi lwenza ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi kahulumeni. Abantu baseGuinea bamoyizela kalula, kwenze sibe iqiniso isisho samaFang esithi, “Ukumoyizela kuyabuyiselwa.”

Imisebenzi yezandla nemikhuba eyisiko kwenziwa kakhulu. Ngahlatshwa umxhwele ukubona indlela abantu baseGuinea abakha ngayo amakhaya abo, ngisho nakuba engenabunkimbinkimbi, akhiwe ngezinto ezitholakala ehlathini. Abadobi basazakhela izikejana zabo ngezingodo, futhi badoba nezinhlanzi ngalendlela endala ehlonishwayo.

Nsuku zonke izinkulungwane zabantu baseGuinea zithutheleka ezimakethe ezidayisela ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseBata naseMalabo, okungamadolobha amakhulu akulelizwe. Ukuvakashela emakethe kwangenza ngakwazi ukuqonda abantu nokuphila kwabo. Izimakethe zithengisa yonke into ongayicabanga—kusukela ezimpintshisini ezingamasekeni kuya ezinkawini (inyama yenkawu yenza isitshulu esimnandi). Izinhlobonhlobo zamabhodlela oketshezi lokubhula olwenziwe ekhaya abangisana indawo nenqwaba ebekwe kahle kabhontshisi namahlamvu egarlic. EGuinea abantu abazikhathazi ngesikhathi, futhi ngaphawula ukuthi izindawo zokuthengisa zazibonakala zingavalwa, okungenani zazingavali kuze kuhlwe noma kuze kube yilapho konke sekuthengisiwe.

Ezigodini eziningi zamaFang, ngabona iqhugwana elikhulu lomphakathi. Ngatshelwa ukuthi libizwa ngokuthi iCasa de la Palabra (Indlu Yezwi). Lapha yilapho izakhamuzi zakulesigodi zihlanganela khona futhi zixazulule ukungezwani kwazo, ngemva kokuba zombili izinhlangothi sezizwakalise izikhalazo zazo, noma “amazwi.” Linamafasitela avulekile ukuze noma ubani ofisa ukulalela okuqhubeka ngaphakathi akwazi ukulalela.

Ihlathi Lasendaweni Eshisayo—Ingcebo Okumelwe Ilondolozwe

Kodwa kimi ihlathi lasenkabazwe yilona elenza iGuinea ibe yinhle kakhulu ukwedlula noma yini. Lapho nje sesingaphandle kwamadolobha, ukukhula ngokudlondlobala kwehlathi kwenza kwabonakala sengathi sasihamba ngemoto emhubheni oluhlaza okotshani. Umbala oluhlaza okotshani ungumbala waseGuinea, umbala oluhlaza okotshani nayo yonke eyela ngakuwo, umbala oluhlaza okotshani ocwazimula kabusha ngemva kwemvula ngayinye yalapha. Izitshalo ezenabayo, izixhobo zoqalo, namakhulu ezinhlobo zezihlahla kunqwabelana ndawonye ukuze kwakhe isembozo esiluhlaza okotshani phezu kwezwe. Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo—angahlelekile kodwa anokuthula—angokuthile okumelwe kwaziswe kuleplanethi yethu ehlutshuliwe.

Izindawo eziningi ezingodedangendlale zaseGuinea Esenkabazwe zisenamahlathi angenziwanga lutho asendaweni eshisayo, futhi ezinye zalezi ziye zakhethelwa ukuba zibe amapaki esizwe. Futhi ihlathi alilona nje elokuhlobisa. Linikeza abantu baseGuinea ukudla, okokubasa, ngisho nemithi. Ngokungamangalisi, okuyisici esivelele sophawu lwesizwe saseGuinea, isihlahla esikhulu, iceiba, sasendaweni eshisayo.

Ngangingeke ngingahlabeki umxhwele ngobuhle beBioko, ubuhle obahlaba umxhwele abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu ngendlela efanayo emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka edlule. Iyisiqhingi esinezintaba esinemigodi ethe gqwá-gqwá eyenzeka ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo, eminye yayo seyiye yaba amachibi, ngaleyondlela inezela ebuhleni bendawo. Isicongo sentaba-mlilo esiphakeme kunazo zonke kulesiqhingi sicishe sibe ngamamitha angu-3 000 ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi imithambeka yaso enamahlathi iyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezinhle nezimvemvane, okwenezela umbala omuhle ohlazeni oluthe cwé.

Phezulu entabeni, ngahlabeka umxhwele ngokubuka izinyoni ezincane ezingamasunbird zindizela ezihlahleni ezincane nasezimbalini zemithambeka yentaba. Izimpaphe eziluhlaza okotshani nezibomvu zezinyoni zeduna zazicwebezela okwamatshe ayigugu ekukhanyeni kwelanga lantambama. Njengezinyoni eziculayo zaseMelika, zidla ngokuzitomota ojwini lwezimbali ezinkulu noma ezilokazaneni ezizithola phakathi kwamaqabunga ezimbali.

Izilwane Eziyingqayizivele Zasehlathini

Ihlathi lasenkabazwe liyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo zezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi ezweni. Izinyathi nezindlovu, izinhlobonhlobo ezincane ukwedlula abangane bazo basemathafeni aseAfrika, zihlala ehlathini eliminyene, kodwa mhlawumbe isilwane esivelele kakhulu salelihlathi igorilla, emanani ayo ayehla kuyo yonke iAfrika. Ngadlala negorilla encane efuyiwe unina wayo owabulawa abazingeli. Isimo sayo sokudabuka sangikhumbuza ngekusasa lamagorilla elingaqinisekile ezandleni zomuntu.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu adlule, izazi zemvelo zakuwo wonke umhlaba zamangala ukuzwa ngokutholakala kwegorilla eyinkawu (albino) eGuinea. Kwakuyisehlakalo sokuqala esaziwayo sobunkawu kumagorilla. Uboya bayo babumhlophe qwa, futhi yayinesikhumba esibomvana namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yaqanjwa ngokuthi iCopito de Nieve (Ukukhithika Okuncane Kweqhwa) futhi ekugcineni yayiswa eSiqiwini Sezilwane saseBarcelona eSpain, lapho ithokozisa khona umphakathi.

Into yokuqala engayiphawula ngalelihlathi yayiwukuthi zimbalwa izilwane ezibonakala ngokoqobo. Eziningi zisuke zilele phakathi nosuku, futhi kusebusuku kuphela lapho ihlathi liqala khona ukuphila. Njengoba ilanga lalishona, amalulwane adla izithelo ashiya izidleke zawo ngezinkulungwane ukuze ayokhothoza ukudla ngenhla ehlathini, futhi izikhova ezidla inhlanzi zaqala ukwehla zenyuka kwazo kwakusihlwa emiselaneni nasemifuleni. Izingane zasehlathini ezinamangqumunga amehlo zigxumagxuma zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye njengokungathi kusemini ka-bha.

Phakathi namahora asemini, ngokuyinhloko izinyoni nezimvemvane ezenezela ukuphila nemibala emihle ehlathini. Izimvemvane ezinkulu ezinemisila efana neyezinkonjane, nezimpaphe zazo ezigqamile ezinombala omnyama noluhlaza okotshani nezindiza ngendlela engavamile, yizo ezikhanga kakhulu. Phezulu ukukhala ngokuhixiza kwejuba elidla izithelo kushintshisana nokumemeza okuhoshozelayo kwezinyoni ezinemilomo efana nophondo ezibukeka zimanikiniki.

Endaweni ephansi yehlathi, ngabona isibankwa esinombala oluhlaza okotshani nosawolintshi sohlobo lweagama simile sibuka phezu kogodo lomuthi owile. Sajikeleza ngokungabangi msindo ngaphandle kokunyakazisa ulimi lwaso, lolo olwalugola noma iyiphi intuthane eyayisondela.

Angibanga nenhlanhla yokubona abahlali basemfuleni abayingqayizivele baseGuinea. Uma ugudla ezingwini nasezimpophomeni zoMfula iMbía kukhona isele elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, iConraua goliath. Lamasele angaba nesisindo samakhilogremu amathathu noma ngaphezulu futhi abe nobude bamamitha angu-0,9 ukusuka ekhanda kuya ozwaneni. Ngokomcwaningi uPaul Zahl weNational Geographic, imilenze yawo enamandla ingawenza eqe amamitha amathathu ngokugxuma okukodwa okukhulu.

EGuinea Esenkabazwe ilanga elishonayo lisawolintshi kunokuba libe bomvu, okuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi lapha umoya awungcolile njengakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Umphakathi othenga izinto ngobuningi uye wakha imigwaqo eminingana engena lapha, futhi imithi yehlathi isebenza nsuku zonke ukuze ivuselele umoya-mpilo. Izindawo ezinjalo ezingoniwe zomhlaba zimbalwa futhi ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Ngokujabulisayo, lengcebo esenkabazwe iyohlala ingenye yazo.

[Amabalazwe ekhasini 24]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

AFRIKA

IGuinea Esenkabazwe

INKABAZWE

[Ibalazwe]

IBioko

IMbini

[Izithombe ekhasini 25]

Abadobi basagubha izikejana zabo

Iqhugwane lomphakathi (“Casa de la Palabra”) lapho abantu abahlala kulesigodi behlanganela khona ukuze baxazulule ukungezwani kwabo

[Izithombe ekhasini 26]

Uvemvane lwaseAfrika

Ingane enkulu yasehlathini

Isi- khova esidla inhlanzi sasePel

I“gorilla” encane