Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ingabe Yisikhathi Soshintsho NgeUN?

“IZizwe Ezihlangene zingase zingaphinde zibe yilokhu eziyikhona ngemva koMhlangano Womhlaba,” kuphawula uCharles Petit, umbhali wesayensi weSan Francisco Chronicle. Wanezela: “IZizwe Ezihlangene ekugcineni zibonakala zithola isikhundla ezazabelwe sona lapho kusayinwa umthetho-sisekelo wazo eminyakeni engu-47 edlule eSan Francisco.” UMhlangano Womhlaba owawuxhaswe iUN, owawungoJune 1992 eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil, wazama ukukhuluma ngezinye zezinkinga zendawo umhlaba obhekene nazo manje; ngokusobala eziningi zinkulu kakhulu ukuba zingaxazululwa isizwe ngasinye. UHilary French weWorldwatch Institute waphawula: “Ngokomphumela, izizwe zidlulisela izingxenye zobukhosi bazo emphakathini wezizwe zonke futhi ziqala ukwakha isimiso esisha sikahulumeni wezizwe zonke wendawo ezungezile.”

Abesifazane Endaweni Yomsebenzi

Abesifazane abaningi ngokwengeziwe ezweni baba “nengxenye kwezomnotho,” noma basebenza emisebenzini eholela kahle, kodwa basabhekene nezingqinamba ezinkulu, ngokweFinance & Development, iphephabhuku elakhishwa yiWorld Bank neInternational Monetary Fund. Leliphephabhuku lilinganisela ukuthi abesifazane abangaba izigidi ezingu-830 emhlabeni wonke banengxenye ngokwezomnotho, nokuthi amaphesenti angu-70 abo ahlala emazweni asathuthuka. EAfrika nasezingxenyeni zeAsia, ambalwa kakhulu amantombazane asesikoleni esiphakeme kunabafana, ngakho akumangalisi ukuthi amaphesenti angaba u-75 abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-25 nangaphezulu ubudala abafundile nokuthi ngokuvamile kunzima ngabesifazane abanjalo ukuba bathole umsebenzi omuhle. Nakuba bembalwa kakhulu abesifazane abanengxenye kwezomnotho kunabesilisa, lokhu akubonisi yini ukuthi abesifazane bayasebenza njengoba izibalo ziphathelene nokuqashwa okuhleliwe hhayi umsebenzi owenziwa emakhaya noma emisebenzini eqhutshwa imikhaya. Izibalo ziye zabonisa ukuthi eAsia, eAfrika, nasePacific, owesifazane ovamile usebenza amahora angu-12 noma angu-13 isonto ngalinye ngaphezu kowesilisa ovamile.

“Ingabe Isihogo Sikhona”?

“Isihogo sikhona; singesaphakade.” Avuma kanjalo amaJesuit aseItaly ephephabhukwini lawo elivunyelwa iVatican iCiviltà Cattolica. Ngokusobala bakhathazekile ngokuthambekela kweSonto lobuKatolika kokungakhulumi ngokuba ngokoqobo kwesihogo somlilo nezinhlupho zaso. Ngokwesibonelo, bagxeka ikhathekizima lentsha elihlulekayo ukunikela ngisho nekhasi elilodwa ukuba likhulume “ngemfihlakalo yokujeziswa kwababi.” AmaJesuit aphikelela ngokuthi “umlilo” wesihogo somlilo awukhona nje “ukuhlukaniswa noNkulunkulu noma ubuhlungu obuzwiwa abalahliwe” kodwa, kunalokho, uhilela ubuhlungu njengesijeziso sezono zasemhlabeni. Banxusa izazi zenkolo, abapristi, nabafundisa ikhathekizima ukuba bakhulume ngesihogo, ikakhulukazi entsheni. Nokho, iBhayibheli aliyifundisi imfundiso enjalo, libonisa ukuthi abafile “abazi-lutho.”—UmShumayeli 9:5.

Kusolwa Izincwadi Zamahlaya Ngokuhlasela Ngokobulili

Amaphoyisa aseTokyo, eJapane, mu-va nje abeka icala umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala ngeziwombe ezingu-25 zokuhlasela ngokobulili. Lona osemusha wasola izincwadi zamahlaya angcolile. Kubikwa ukuthi kwesinye isiwombe wathola incwadi yamahlaya ebonisa ubulili obusobala esitolo esivula isikhathi eside wayesethatha intombazane eneminyaka eyishumi wayingenisa endlini yangasese futhi wayiphoqa ukuba ihlanganyele naye ekwenzeni esinye sezenzakalo ezingcolile zalencwadi. Wavuma emaphoyiseni ukuthi wayesenze iziwombe ezingu-24 zokuhlasela okufanayo, nokuthi eziningi zazo nazo zazishukunyiswe amahlaya angcolile. IDaily Yomiuri iyabika: “Ngonyaka odlule, eTokyo kwabikwa ubugebengu obungu-86 bobulili obuhilela izingane okukholelwa ukuthi bashukunyiswa amahlaya angcolile.”

Ingabe Ibhikawozi Elidala Kunawo Wonke?

Abavubukuli abasebenza eduze kwezakhiwo eziwumbhoshongo zaseGibithe baye bavumbulula lokho okungase kube ibhikawozi elidala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngokombiko weAssociated Press. Ngokusobala lelibhikawozi lalisetshenziselwa ukwenzela izisebenzi ezazakha lezakhiwo eziwumbhoshongo isinkwa. UMark Lehner, isazi sezinto zasendulo zaseGibithe nongomunye wabaqondisi bokuvubukula, wathi: “Siqonde ukusho ukuthi kwakunebhikawozi elikhulu lapha, okwakulula ngokwanele ngalo ukondla abantu abangu-30 000 ngosuku.” ULehner ucabanga ukuthi izimo zokusebenza kulelibhikawozi kumelwe ukuba zazesabeka, kunokushisa okukhulu nentuthu emnyama ehlangene. Uthi: “Lamagumbi ayengafana nesibhakabhaka sasebusuku esigcwele imvula. Siye samba ezinqwabeni zomlotha omnyama ezinohlonze [olungu-45 cm].” Kukholelwa ukuthi lelibhikawozi lisukela ezinsukwini zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziwumbhoshongo.

Imvula Eneacid EJapane

Imvula eneacid eJapane isiye yafinyelela amazinga afanayo nalawo atholakala eYurophu naseUnited States, kubika iDaily Yomiuri. Leliphepha liphawula ukuthi lapho izinga lepH (isilinganiso seacid nealkaline) lamanzi emvula lehla liba ngaphansi kuka-5,6, imvula ingase ibhekwe njengeneacid. Ikomiti yokucwaninga eyamiswa iEnvironment Agency yaseJapane yakala isilinganiso seacid yemvula phakathi neminyaka yamuva futhi yathola amazinga ehlile ewu-4,3, esezansi ohlwini lweacid. Nakuba kungakaziwa ukuthi imvula eneacid ingunobangela yini, umbiko wekomiti wathola ukuthi eJapane amahlathi amaningana omsedari nepine ayonakala.

Ukulawulwa Kwamahlathi Nomoya

Iammonia iyingxenye ebalulekile yomoya womhlaba. Njengoba iyikhemikhali eyialkaline, ingakwazi ukunciphisa iacid emvuleni eneacid. Kodwa eningi kakhulu iba nengxenye emafwini entuthu amabi ansundu alengela emadolobheni amaningi. Ukucwaninga okusha kusikisela ukuthi amahlathi ayawusiza umoya ukuba ugcine iammonia isesilinganisweni esifanele. IDenver Post yabika ukuthi ososayensi bakala ukuthi ingakanani iammonia esemoyeni owawuvunguza emahlathini aseColorado, eU.S.A. Lapho umoya uneammonia encane kunesilinganiso semvelo esitholakala emangqamuzaneni ehlamvu, izitshalo zehlathi zaziyikhiphela emoyeni lekhemikhali. Kodwa lapho umoya kakade usugcwele amazinga aphakeme eammonia, izitshalo zasehlathini zaziyidonsa iammonia kunokuba ziyikhiphe. UAndrew Langford, omunye wososayensi ababenza lokhu kuhlola, wathi: “Lonke ihlathi linamandla ngokwanele ukuthi lilawule umoya uma nje lingaxiniwe imithombo engcolisayo (engeyona eyemvelo).”

Ingabe Litholakele Ithuna LikaKayafase?

Lokho okubonakala kuyithuna nezinsalela zikaKayafase, umpristi omkhulu ongumJuda owaba nengxenye enkulu ekufeni kukaJesu Kristu, kuye kwatholakala eJerusalema, kubika iStar, iphephandaba laseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Lokho okwatholakala kuhlanganisa nesitsha samathambo, esinombhalo othi “Yehosef bar Caiapha.” UKayafase waba umpristi omkhulu cishe ngo-18 C.E. futhi akashushisanga uKristu kuphela kodwa nabalandeli bakaKristu. Wasuswa esikhundleni cishe ngo-36 C.E. Njengoba isazi-mlando esingumJuda uJosephus siphawula futhi ngaye, uKayafase ungomunye wabantu abambalwa abanjalo basendulo abazinsalela zabo ziye zanikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe. IStar icaphuna omunye umvubukuli ethi: “Ezitsheni zamathambo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezatholakala eJerusalema, siye sathola amagama angaba mahlanu.”

Ingabe Utshwala Namafutha?

Akuyona into engaziwa ukuthi abantu abaphuza kakhulu iziphuzo ezidakayo bathambekela ekukhuluphaleni. Kodwa kungani? Ukuhlola kwamuva eYunivesithi yaseZurich, eSwitzerland, kwaveza okuthakazelisayo okungase kube yisizathu. Ngokusobala akuwona nje amakilojoule asetshwaleni abenza bukhuluphalise kangaka kodwa futhi nendlela utshwala obuthinta ngayo ikhono lomzimba lokushisa amafutha. Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zokudla okunomsoco zazi ukuthi umzimba awusheshi lapho kuziwa ekushiseni amafutha, uthambekela ekuwagcineni kuyilapho ubashisa kalula kakhulu oshukela namacarbohydrate. Kodwa utshwala benza umzimba ungasheshi ukushisa amafutha ngisho nakancane. Kokunye ukuhlola, abesilisa banikezwa ukudla okwakuhlanganisa amamililitha angu-90 otshwala obungaxutshiwe usuku ngalunye—acishe alingane nobhiya abayisithupha. Kulokhu kudla, abesilisa bashisa amafutha amancane ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunokuvamile. Yebo, lapho emaningi amafutha ekudleni komuntu, lomphumela uba mkhulu ngokwengeziwe.

“Irekhodi Elidabukisayo”

Iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseFrance iFigaro libika ukuthi u-1991 wawungunyaka wobugebengu omubi kakhulu emlandweni weFrance. Izinhlangano zezokugcinwa komthetho eFrance ziye zazisa umphakathi izibalo zamuva nje zobugebengu, ezibonisa ukuthi eFrance kwabikwa ubugebengu obungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3,7 ngonyaka odlule—ukwanda ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-7 ngo-1990. Ingxenye engaphezu kweyodwa kwezine zabo bonke lobugebengu yenzeka esifundeni saseParis. “Kwakunokwanda okuphawulekayo cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yobugebengu,” kusukela “ebudloveni obungakaze bube khona emadolobheni” kuya ebugebengwini “babantu abasebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabezombangazwe,” kusho leliphephandaba. Lezibalo zamuva zembula ukuthi izinga lobugebengu laseFrance manje seliphakeme ngezikhathi eziyisikhombisa kunalokho elaliyiko eminyakeni engu-40 edlule. “Irekhodi elidabukisayo,” kuphetha iFigaro.

Icala Lasenkantolo Lokubhema Ungaqondile

INkantolo Yesigodi yaseNew South Wales eAustralia muva nje inikeze isinxephezelo esikhulu kowesifazane oneminyaka engu-64 ubudala owayemangalele abaqashi bakhe bangaphambili ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína agomela ngokuthi wazithola ngemva kokusebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-12 endaweni egcwele intuthu. Esikhathini esingaphambili, amacala anjalo abexazululwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo, kodwa kulesinqumo esiyingqopha-mlando, inkantolo yanikeza ummangali amaRandi angu-170 000. Iphephandaba iAustralian labika ukuthi lokhu kungokokuqala ukuthi abasizi bakamahluleli banqume ukuthi umuntu obhemayo angalimaza impilo yabangabhemi abahogela umoya ogcwele intuthu. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi lesinqumo singase sibe nemiphumela esakazekela kumanightclub, nakwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi lapho izisebenzi ezingabhemi zingase zimangale ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu uma zingalungiselelwa izindawo ezingenayo intuthu.

Ubulili Bangaphambi Kwesikhathi Nosizi Lokusebenza Kwengqondo

Ubuhlobo bobulili bungabangela abasha izinkinga eziningi ngaphandle kogcunsula. Ngokwephephandaba laseItaly iStampa, enye ingozi engaqashelwa iwukuthi ukuphila kobulili ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kungaphumela “ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo nokuziphatha okudala usizi ezingqondweni zentsha nasebuhlotsheni bayo siqu, kuze kube sephuzwini lokubangela ukuziphatha okwehlukile kokujwayelekile, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nezidakamizwa, nobugebengu.” Emhlanganweni owawuseRome, uhlelwe iCenter for Psychosocial Studies neItalian Ministry of Justice, kwavunywa ukuthi intsha iqala ukuba nobuhlobo bobulili isencane kakhulu ngeminyaka. Ngokwesinye isazi, ubudala obusesilinganisweni, buyiminyaka engu-17.