Ukufinyelela Isiqongo SaseYurophu Ngesitimela
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eSwitzerland
UMUNTU wekhulu le-19 leminyaka wayeshisekela ukunqoba imvelo. IziNtaba zaseAlps eSwitzerland zaziyizisulu eziyinhloko. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka iziqongo zazo eziphakeme ezineqhwa namadwala acijile zazisebangeni elalingenakufinyelelwa ngumuntu—kodwa akusenjalo. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1800, abakhweli bezintaba bakwazi ukukhwela iJungfrau engamamitha angu-4 158. Nakuba ingeyona ende kunazo zonke, ngokuqinisekile iphakathi kweziNtaba zaseAlps eziwumbukwane.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800, amadoda ambalwa ayesemkhankasweni wokusongoza aqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ayengenza kanjani ukuba lesiqongo sifinyelelwe abantu abaningi kunabakhweli bezintaba abambalwa abanesibindi. Ngokushesha kwasungulwa umqondo wokwakha umzila olibangise esiqongweni.
Umsebenzi Odinga Isibindi
Ukwakha umzila oya endaweni ephakeme kanjalo kwakuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba kwakukhona ezobuchwepheshe ezilinganiselwe ngalesosikhathi. Uhulumeni waseSwitzerland wacabangela ukusikisela okuningana ngendlela lokhu okwakungenziwa ngayo futhi wakhetha amasu ka-Adolphe Guyer-Zeller, isikhulu sezimboni saseZurich. Okokuqala kwafuneka ukuba ahlele uhambo olungokwesayensi lokuyohlola eziNtabeni eziphakeme zaseAlps ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi izisebenzi nezivakashi zaziyokwazi ukuphila endaweni ephakeme kangako.
Amasu akhe ayewukusebenzisa umzila waseWengernalp, owawusuxhumanisa kakade izigodi eziphakeme zasezintabeni zaseLauterbrunnen nezaseGrindelwald ngaphansi kweJungfrau. Ukuze kwandiswe imizila phezulu esiqongweni, uGuyer-Zeller wasikisela ukuba kwakhiwe intunja engamakhilomitha angu-7 eya phezulu ngaphakathi kwe-Eiger neMönch, iziqongo ezidumile ezingomakhelwane beJungfrau. Ngaleyondlela, lemizila yayiyovikeleka esimweni sezulu esibucayi ngaphandle.
Lomsebenzi waqala ngoJuly 1896. Kwathatha iminyaka emibili ukuqeda ingxenye yokuqala engaphandle ukusuka eKleine Scheidegg kuya eSiteshini sase-Eigergletscher, okuyibanga elingamakhilomitha amabili kuphela. Umsebenzi olandelayo kwakungowokuqalisa ukubhola intuba enqamula e-Eiger. Njengoba ubusika buka-1898/99 babusondela, amakhulu amaningana ezisebenzi zasentunjeni azilungiselela ukuba angakwazi ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nezwe ngenxa yamathantala eqhwa.
Izikhungo zokulala zezisebenzi nendawo yokugcina izidingo zazo kwenza umuzi omkhulu ngempela. Izinkulungwane zamakhilogremu okudla, izinto zokwakha, nokokubasa kwadingeka ukuba kuthengwe. Lamalungiselelo kwakumelwe ahlale ekhona kuze kube yilapho umzila waseWengernalp ususebenza futhi, kamuva entwasahlobo.
Lezisebenzi zabhola amahora angu-24 ngamashifu amathathu amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Kodwa ukubhola idwala kwakunenkokhelo yakho. Kwafa izisebenzi eziyisithupha engozini yasemayini esabekayo. Nakuba kunjalo, izisebenzi zasentunjeni zafinyelela ingxenye yesibili, iSiteshi sase-Eigerwand, ngoMarch 7, 1899. Zisemafasiteleni esiteshi, zazikwazi ukubona iKleine Scheidegg, manje ezase ziyishiye emuva ngamakhilomitha angu-4,3, futhi kude ngaphansi, iChibi laseThun.
Izithiyo Ezingalindelekile
NgoApril 3, 1899, lomsebenzi wathola igalelo elinzima ngokufa okuzumayo kuka-Adolphe Guyer-Zeller. Kodwa, ngaphansi kwesiqondiso samadodana akhe, ingxenye elandelayo yaqedwa, iSiteshi sase-Eismeer, ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-3 160. Savulwa ngoJuly 1905.
Intuthuko yayincane eminyakeni eyalandela. Ukuphila okunzima kulezozindawo ezibucayi kwakhathaza izisebenzi futhi kwanciphisa amandla azo. Nokho, ngoFebruary 21, 1912, intuba yokugcina yavulwa edwaleni eliseJungfraujoch (okusho ukuthi “Yoke of the Jungfrau,” ummango ophakathi kweMönch neJungfrau). Kwavela umbukwane ovusa amadlingozi—iziqongo zeqhwa nezinguzunga zalo zinqamulé esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza ngokugqamile, zonke zisitshekelwe ukukhanya kwelanga okukhazimulayo!
Isiteshi sikaloliwe saseYurophu esiphakeme ukuzedlula zonke, iJungfraujoch, esisemamitheni angu-3 454 namakhilomitha angu-9,3 kusukela ekuqaleni komzila, sasungulwa ngoAugust 1, 1912. Umbono wokuqala wokufinyelela phezulu esiqongweni seJungfrau (emamitheni angu-700 ukuphakama) kwafuneka ukuba uhoxiswe—ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezindleko nokuntuleka kwendawo yoquqaba lwezivakashi ezazilindelekile lapho phezulu. Kakade, lomklamo wawusudle amafranc aseSwitzerland ayizigidi ezinhlanu ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi ezazilungiselelwe. Esikhundleni seminyaka engu-7 eyayicatshangelwe, lomklamo wawuthathe iminyaka engu-16.
Lapho Uvakashela IJungfraujoch
Ingabe uhlela ukuvakashela iJungfraujoch? Kusukela eKleine Scheidegg, umzila waseJungfrau ungakuyisa esiqongweni saseYurophu ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwehora. Izindawo okumiwa kuzo okwesikhashana zikuvumela ukuba ulunguze ngamafasitela iziteshi zase-Eigerwand nase-Eismeer. Uma nje usufike esiqongweni, umoya oshaya kancane kulokho kuphakama ungase ukuphoqelele ukuba uthi ukuhambahamba kancane okokuqala njengoba uvakashela ihholo lombukiso lesiteshi sokucwaninga okungokwesayensi noma ubukele izithombe ezibaziwe eIce Palace. Lapho unyuka ngekheshi, ufinyelela iSphinx Terrace ephakamele ngaphezu kweAletsch Glacier. Ungase uzame ngisho nokugibela isihlibhi esidonswa izinja!
Uma ulamba noma woma, uzothola indawo yokudlela ezofanela imali yakho nohlobo olufisayo. Kodwa okungcono kakhulu kutholakala mahhala: ukubonakala okukhazimulayo kwemisebenzi yezandla zoMdali, kuye ngokuthi awekho amafu noma inkungu okuvela ngokuphazima kweso. Ngempela lombukwane uwubuciko bendalo. Thina zibukeli ezincane singakubabaza nje ngokwesaba nangokwazisa.
[Isithombe ekhasini 24]
IJungfraubahn (umzila waseJungfrau)
[Umdwebo/Isithombe ekhasini 25]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Indlela umzila waseJungfrau onqamula kuyo:
1. IKleine Scheidegg (ngaphandle);
2. IEigergletscher (ngaphandle);
3. IEigerwand (entunjeni);
4. IEismeer (entunjeni);
5. IJungfraujoch (entunjeni)