Ukubuka Okwezwe
Izikhali Ezingabulali
Ngokwe-Wall Street Journal, uhulumeni wase-U.S. uhlola indlela yokwenza izikhali zokulwa ezingabulali. Ezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zingase zenze ukuba amasosha angesikhathi esizayo akwazi ukusebenzisa imishini ephehla amandla kagesi esebenzisa uzibuthe, ukuze kuthenwe isimiso somsakazo wokubona ngamaza izinto ezikude, izingcingo, ama-computer, neminye imishini ebalulekile ngaphandle kokubulala abantu. Izindlu zokucwaninga zezesayensi nazo zicwaninga “‘izinto ezivimbela umlilo’ ezimisa izinjini zezimoto ezihambayo, kanye namakhemikhali angenza izinhlobo ezithile zamathayi zibe amakristalu futhi zonakale,” kusho i-Journal. Nokho, ezinye zalezikhali zingaba ingozi engathi sína ekuphileni kwabantu. I-Journal inezela ngokuthi “imisebe enamandla eklanyelwe ukubhubhisa izinto zokubona zezinqola zempi zesitha ingaqhumisa nezinhlamvu zamehlo amasosha. Izikhali eziphathwayo ze-microwave ezahlolwa ezinkundleni zempi i-U.S. Special Forces zinganqamula ngomshoshaphansi izindlela zokuxhumana zesitha kodwa futhi zingapheka nezitho zangaphakathi.”
Ukusoka Nengculaza
Umkhuba wokusoka abantu besilisa ubonakala uyinzuzo ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwana ngobulili, njengengculaza, kusho umagazini waseFrance i-Revue Française du Laboratoire. Lomagazini ucaphuna okunye ukuhlola okuthathu kwezokwelapha okubonisa ukuthi ukusoka kwabesilisa (ukusikwa kwejwabu lesitho sabesilisa) kuyisici esivimbela ukusakazeka kwengculaza. Ukucwaninga okwenziwa ezinkawini zasezindlini zokuhlola zesayensi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi izicubu zejwabu lesitho sabesilisa zinamangqamuzana amaningi angenwa kalula igciwane lengculaza kunezinye izicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola kwaseCanada okwenziwa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ezingu-140 zase-Afrika kwembula izehlakalo eziningi zengculaza emaqenjini angasoki kunaphakathi kwalawo asokayo. Okunye ukuhlola kwathola ukuthi bambalwa abantu abangenwa yileligciwane phakathi kwamadoda asokile aseMelika ahlanganyela ubulili nabobulili obuhlukile.
Izingane Ezingafundile
Izinkulungwane zezingane zaseBolivia aziyitholi imfundo efanele. Ngokwephephandaba laseBolivia i-Presencia, ukubalwa kwabantu kwango-1992 kwembula ukuthi kwakunezingane eziseminyakeni yokufunda isikole ezingu-2 268 605 eBolivia. Nokho, amarekhodi e-Ministry of Education abonisa ukuthi phakathi naleyonkathi, izingane ezingu-1 668 791 kuphela ezamukelwa ezikoleni zesizwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane ezingu-600 000 azizange ziyithole imfundo efanele. I-Presencia inezela ngokuthi kulabo abakwazi ukubhalisa ezikoleni, abafundi abangu-102 652 basiyeka isikole ngalowonyaka.
“Inkathi Yosizi”?
Ingabe wazalwa ngemva kuka-1955? Khona-ke cishe unamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba uphathwe isifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwakho kunokuba kwakunjalo ngogogo nomkhulu bakho. Lesi isiphetho esifinyelelwa ukuhlola okwenziwa emhlabeni wonke okwakuhlanganisa abantu abangu-39 000 emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye. Ibika ngalokuhlola, i-International Herald Tribune ibonisa ukuthi izici ezibangela ukucindezeleka osukwini lwethu zingahlanganisa ukucindezela kwezindawo zemisebenzi, ukungavikeleki ezintweni ezinoshevu, ukuphelelwa ukholo kuNkulunkulu noma ukuphila kwakamuva, futhi ngabesifazane abathile, ukungafinyeleleki kwemibono yobuhle bomuntu wesifazane. I-Tribune isikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isintu sibhekene “nokuqalisa kweNkathi Yosizi.”
Ukusongelwa Kwesihlahla Se-Mahogany
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezine zesigidi yamaNdiya aseBrazil emahlathini ase-Amazon isengozini yokulahlekelwa amakhaya ayo angokwesiko. Ngokwalokho okushiwo umholi wezinkonzo zikahulumeni waseNdiya, “usongo olukhulu kakhulu” lubangelwa ukuhweba ngesihlahla i-mahogany. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ze-mahogany okungekho emthethweni kuye kwaphumela ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo engekho emthethweni engamakhilomitha angu-3 000 enqamula eningizimu yePará State, kubika i-Guardian yaseLondon. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho isihlahla se-mahogany sigawulwa, izihlahla ezingaba ngu-20 zezinye izinhlobo ziyalimala. Njengoba besusa ihlathi, abahwebi abanobugovu bavula indlela yabantu abafuna ukwakha abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nabantu abamba igolide, kanye nezinkulungwane zemishini yokusaha. Njengoba manje kusele isilinganiso seminyaka engu-32 ngokwezinga esetshenziswa ngalo, i-mahogany, njengeNdiya, manje ibhekene nekusasa elingaqinisekile.
Ukuthumela Imfucumfucu Ewushevu Kwamanye Amazwe
Ngenxa yezindleko ezinkulu zokusingatha imfucumfucu, “amazwe acebile athumela imfucumfucu yawo enoshevu emazweni ampofu,” kusho uSebastião Pinheiro, we-Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources yaseBrazil. Njengoba kwabikwa kumagazini i-Veja, okunye ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi “cishe amathani ayisigidi emfucumfucu eyingozi minyaka yonke athunyelwa emaZweni Ampofu.” Kwenziwani ngemfucumfucu eyamukelwa elinye izwe? Ingase ishiswe njengesivuthela-mlilo ezindaweni ezintsha zamandla kagesi. “Amazwe asathuthuka avikela umqondo wokuthi kuyadingeka ukuba kwakhiwe imisebenzi kuleyondawo ngandlela-thile,” kusho umeluleki wenxusa eliphathelene nendawo ezungezile yaseBrazil. Nakuba kunjalo, kuphakanyiswa imibuzo emhlabeni wonke. I-Financial Times yaseLondon iyabuza: “Ingabe izinqumo ngokuphathelene nezindawo okuzokwakhiwa kuzo izimboni kufanele zenziwe ngokuthi ikuphi lapho ukuphila kwabantu kubukelwa phansi khona?” I-Veja iyanezela ngokubhuqa: “Kubonakala sengathi impendulo inguyebo.”
Ukuntula I-Vitamin A
Unyaka ngamunye, izingane ezingakafundi isikole ezifinyelela engxenyeni yesigidi ziba izimpumputhe ngenxa nje yokuthi azidli ukudla okwanele okune-vitamin A. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalezingane ziyafa phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba izimpumputhe. Ngokwe-World Health Organization, lokhu ngokuyinhloko kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ze-Afrika, i-Asia, neLatin America lapho abantu bengadli khona kakhulu izithelo eziphuzi, imifino ephuzi, imifino ecebe ngohlaza, imifino yamaqabunga, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokudla okune-vitamin A. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-40 zintula le-vitamin A, futhi kulezingane, eziyizigidi ezingu-13 kakade amehlo azo asethintekile ngandlela-thile. Ukuntula le-vitamin A kungaphazamisa nokukhula komzimba, kwandise ukungenwa izifo okungathi sína, futhi kwandise namathuba okufa kwezinsana nezingane ezincane.
Ingqondo Engasebenzi Iyagqwala
Ingabe izikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi ziyayizuzisa ingqondo? Ngokuqinisekile akunjalo, kwasho uProfesa Bernd Fischer eMedical Trade Fair eDüsseldorf, eJalimane. Lokho akuthola kwabonisa ukuthi “ukuhlola kwakubonise ukuthi ikhono lomuntu lokucabanga lalehla kakhulu ngemva nje kwamahora ambalwa okungenzi lutho,” njengoba kwabika i-Der Steigerwald-Bote. Loprofesa weluleka labo iholide labo elimnandi liwukungenzi lutho kokuvilapha ukuba bakucabangisise lokhu. “Njengomsipha ongavivinywa,” kuphawula iphephandaba, “ngemva kweholide elide lokungenzi lutho, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ingqondo yayidinga amasonto angaba mathathu ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele izinga layo langaphambili lokusebenza.” Imidlalo, ukudlala, kanye nezincwadi ezithakazelisayo zokufunda kwathiwa kuvimbela ingqondo ukuba ingagqwali phakathi nesikhathi seholide.
Umoya Ongcolile
“Ukungcoliswa komoya kubangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu omhlaba, futhi cishe manje kuyingxenye engenakubalekelwa yokuphila kwasedolobheni kuyo yonke indawo.” Usho kanjalo umbiko wamuva owakhishwa ngokubambisana i-World Health Organization kanye ne-United Nations Environment Program. Lombiko, osekelwe ekuhloleni okungokwesayensi kwamadolobha angu-20, ubonisa ukuthi izimoto ezidumayo ziyimbangela enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya. Ubonisa futhi nokuthi izimoto eziningi ezidumayo emhlabeni wonke, cishe eziyizigidi ezingu-630 okwamanje, hleze ziphindeke kabili eminyakeni engu-20 noma engu-30 ezayo. Ukungcoliswa komoya kuzithinta kabi izimiso zamaphaphu nenhliziyo, kuholele ezifweni ezandayo, ukugogeka, kanye nokufa.
Abavangeli E-Afrika
Ngokwe-American Journal of Tropical Medical Hygiene, izimbangela ezinkulu manje zokufa phakathi kwabavangeli baseMelika abase-Afrika izingozi zezimoto, izimila ezibulalayo, ne-atherosclerosis. Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, umbulali omkhulu kakhulu isifo sesibindi esibangelwa igciwane, silandelwe izifo ezinjengomalaleveva, amarabi, i-typhoid, i-Lassa fever, kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Nokho, ukuhlola okwenziwa ngeminyaka esukela ku-1945 kuya ku-1985 kuye kwabonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokufa kwabavangeli baseMelika e-Afrika eyingxenye yeSahara cishe sasiyingxenye kuphela yozakwabo baseMelika abase-United States. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nakuba e-Afrika kunamathuba aphindwe kabili okufa ngengozi kanye namathuba aphindwe kane okubulawa.
Geza Izandla Zakho!
Nakuba intuthuko yolwazi lwesayensi yezokwelapha yanamuhla iye yenza lukhulu ekunqobeni izifo, izazi zesayensi zithi ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho nje evamile kanye namanzi kusengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo. Iphephandaba laseFrance i-Figaro libika ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwamuva kwemikhuba yezempilo eFrance, eJalimane, eNetherlands, naseSwitzerland, abacwaningi bashaya sengathi bangabantu abalungisa izinto noma izisebenzi zokuhlanza izindlu zangasese zomphakathi ezisemahhotela, ezindaweni zokudlela, emahhovisi, ezikoleni, nasemafekthri. Bathola ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabane akazigezi izandla ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nokuthi oyedwa kwabane abazigezayo izandla akayisebenzisi insipho. Izazi zesayensi zithi emhlabeni wonke isandla somuntu sibonakala siseyindlela esele evame kakhulu yokusakaza izifo.
Inkolo EFinland
EFinland, abantu abangu-9 kwabayishumi bezakhamuzi zakhona eziyizigidi ezinhlanu bangabeSonto Lombuso lamaLuthela, kuphawula i-European. Lelinani eliphakeme lamaLuthela aseFinland emholweni walo likhokha imali ephakathi kwamaphesenti angu-1,5 nangu-2,5 yezintela zesonto, kodwa isonto lithi kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwemali okuzovimbela ukumiswa kwabapristi abasha abayikhulu futhi kuzophoqelela ukuvalwa kwamasonto athile kulonyaka. Liyangabaza ukuthi izigidi ezingaphezu kwezine zamaLuthela aseFinland zizolitakula isonto kulenkinga. I-European iphawula ukuthi “asikho isifiso esinamandla phakathi kwabantu baseFinland sokuba nengxenye eyengeziwe yenkuthalo ezindabeni zeSonto kunokumane nje beze ezinkonzweni ezikhethekile zeSonto ngoKhisimusi nangama-Ista.” Iphephandaba linezela ngokuthi ‘kubantu abaningi baseFinland ukukhokha izintela kuwukuphela kwendlela abathintana ngayo nenkolo ehleliwe.’