Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ukuxwayisa Ngesifo Sofuba
I-World Health Organization (WHO) iye yamemezela ukuthi isifo sofuba siyindaba ephuthumayo embulungeni yonke, ixwayisa ngokuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 bazobulawa yilesifo eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo uma kungenziwa lutho ukuze kunqandwe ukusakazeka kwaso. Nakuba i-TB ingase ivinjelwe futhi ilapheke, inani leziguli liye lenyuka ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Manje, kunabantu abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili abangenwa yilesifo unyaka ngamunye. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, ukubhebhetheka kwalesifo ngokwengxenye kubangelwa ukudebeselela inkambiso yomphakathi nezimiso zokusilawula ezinganakekelwa kahle. Esinye isici kulokhu kwanda ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kwe-TB nokungenwa yi-HIV (igciwane elibangela ingculaza). Umuntu ongenwe yi-HIV ubhekene nengozi ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-25 yokungenwa yi-TB engumashaya-bhuqe. Ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-95 ababulawa yi-TB kwenzeka emazweni asathuthuka.
Izingxenye ZeBhayibheli Ngezilimi Ezingaphezu Kuka-2 000
I-United Bible Societies (UBS) yamemezela ukuthi phakathi no-1992, izingxenye zeBhayibheli ziye zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingu-31 ezengeziwe; ngakho ingqikithi yezilimi okungenani incwadi eyodwa yeBhayibheli etholakala ngazo yafinyelela ku-2 009. Ngokushesha, lelinani lizoqhubeka landa ngoba i-UBS ihumushela izingxenye zeBhayibheli ezilimini ezingu-419 ezengeziwe. AmaBhayibheli aphelele manje atholakala ngezilimi ezingu-329 futhi “iTestamente Elisha” litholakala ngezinye ezingu-770. I-Ecumenical Press Service iyabhala: “Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingqikithi yezilimi emhlabeni iphakathi kuka-5 000 no-6 500.” Ngokuthakazelisayo, kuze kube ngo-1993, ingqikithi yamaBhayibheli akhiqizwe ephelele noma eyingxenye yi-Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. ingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-83.
Amathayi Enjoloba Akudala Awusizo
EBrazil, kuye kwashintshwa amathayi ezimoto ayizigidi ezingu-17 minyaka yonke. Nokho, umagazini i-Superinteressante ubika ukuthi amathayi anjalo amadala angasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, okungukuthi, ngokuphinde kuvuselelwe lenjoloba kabusha nangokuyixuba netiyela elizosetshenziswa ekulungiseni kabusha imigwaqo. Nakuba umbono wokuphinde kuvuselelwe kabusha amathayi enjoloba ungeyona into entsha, ukusebenzisa lamathayi etiyeleni kusha. Kunethemba lokuthi lenqubo ‘iyozinciphisa kakhulu izintabakazi zemfucumfucu ezinqwabelana kuyiplanethi.’
Ingculaza E-Afrika Eseningizimu
Ukusakazeka kwengculaza ezindaweni ezise-Afrika eseningizimu kuyaqhubeka kunganqandiwe. Phakathi no-1992, kwatholakala abantu abangaphezu kuka-50 ngosuku eNingizimu Afrika abangenwe yigciwane lengculaza. Njengoba lokhu kungahlanganisi labo abahlala ezifundazweni zalelozwe ezizimele ezinemiphakathi emikhulu, inani lansuku zonke labantu abangaba yizisulu zengculaza liphakeme kakhulu. I-Star saseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika, sibika ukuthi “ukusakazeka okusheshayo kwengculaza e-Afrika eseningizimu kubhekwa kabanzi njengenye yezinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu zeshumi leminyaka elizayo.”
Amarabi Ayagadla Futhi
Amarabi, ake aqedwa esifundazweni saseNingizimu Afrika iNatali, aseyadlanga. ENatali naseMozambique engumakhelwane, abaningi baye bashiya izindawo zasemaphandleni futhi bathuthela emadolobheni, bethutha kanye nezilwane zabo ezifuywayo. Izimiso zokugoma zihlulekile ukufinyelela bonke labantu abathuthile. Ngo-1992 kwabikwa iziguli ezinamarabi ezingaphezu kuka-300 kulendawo. Abaningi kwabangu-29 abafa ngenxa yawo babehlanganisa izingane. UPaul Kloeck, umqondisi wesifunda wezokwelashwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo, uphawula ngokwesaba: “Kunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela abantu abaningi abahlala ezindaweni ezingakhiwe kahle.” Uthi: “Ubudlova bezombangazwe, ukushayisana kwamasiko nokwesatshwa kwemibuthano kuphazamisa izimiso zethu.”
UbuBuddha Ne-jazz
Bengenele ingxube engavamile, abapristi bamaBuddha abayinkulungwane abavela kulo lonke elaseJapane bahlangana nabaculi be-jazz abaphambili eNippon Budokan enkulu yaseTokyo ukuze benze ikhonsathi ye-shomyo ne-jazz. Ngokuyisisekelo i-shomyo iwukuhlatshelelwa noma ukuhaywa kwama-sutra okungalungiselelwe, ngendlela yaseNdiya, okungafani neze nomculo waseNtshonalanga. Ngisho nakuba benezinhlobo zabo ezihlukene zomculo, labaculi be-jazz abazange babe nobunzima bokuhlanganisa umculo wabo nama-sutra. I-Daily Yomiuri yacaphuna umdlali wopiyano odumile womculo we-jazz ethi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi ukwenza into engazange ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili kuhlobene ngokuseduze ngandlela-thile nokuvuselelwa okungokomoya enkolweni.” Wanezela: “Ngezinye izikhathi ngiba nomuzwa wokuthi akumina odlala upiyano kodwa ludlalwa amandla athile angavamile avela ezweni elihlukile.”
Ukwesaba Ubugebengu EJalimane
AmaJalimane amabili kwamathathu abheka amaqembu ezombangazwe eqisayo njengayingozi ekubuseni ngentando yeningi kulelozwe. Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yomphakathi bangathanda ukubona uHulumeni eqinisa ingalo ekubhekaneni nababhikishi abanobudlova. Cishe amaphesenti angu-50 ayavumelana nokuthi amaphoyisa kufanele aphendukele njalo ekusebenziseni iziqwayi nesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi. Uma kuziwa ekulwisaneni nobugebengu obuhleliwe, cishe amaphesenti angu-60 ayakuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuthungatha umsindo ukuze kulalelwe izingxoxo emakhaya abantu. Leyo kwakuyimiphumela yokufunwa kwemibono yabantu abangaba ngu-3 000 okwenziwa yi-Emnid Institute ngasekupheleni kuka-1992 futhi kwabikwa i-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
Indaba Yothando Ehlukile
Izindaba zothando eziphathelene ‘nokuthandana’ kwamadoda ziye zathandwa eJapane phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule. Abafundi abazishisekela kakhulu abesifazane, ikakhulukazi kusukela kwabevé eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kuya kwabasanda kweva kwengu-20. I-Asahi Evening News ithi lokuthambekela okusezincwadini ezifundwayo kuyabacasula ongqingili bakulelizwe. Yacaphuna umbhali ongungqingili, uMasaki Sato, ethi: “Uma kukhulunywa ngobulili ezincwadini zothando ezifundwa yintsha, amadoda aphathwa njengezinto zokwanelisa ilukuluku labesifazane.” Waqhubeka ekhononda: “Abesifazane baphikisana nezithombe zabesifazane ezikhishwa amadoda ezincwadini ezifundwayo ezinezithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Manje (ongqingili) basesimweni esifanayo.”
Izingane Ezilahlekayo
E-Italy kunyamalala amakhulu ezingane minyaka yonke kungabikho namkhondo. Eziningi zihamba ekhaya ekuseni ziya esikoleni futhi zingabuyi. Ngo-1992 kuphela, kwanyamalala izingane ezingu-734, okuyizingane ezingu-245 ngaphezu kwezangonyaka ongaphambi kwalowo. Ngokombiko we-Ministry of the Interior yase-Italy, ingqikithi yamacala amasha avuliwe ingu-3 063. Kunyamalala amantombazane amaningi kunabafana.
Yini Ekwenza Ukuba Ujabule?
Ngokusobala, ukuba nemali eningi akubenzi abantu ukuba bajabule ngokwengeziwe. Umagazini i-Psychology Today uthi: “Lapho umholo usungaphezu kwezinga lobumpofu, kuyamangalisa ukuthi ukwanda kwawo akuhlobene nenjabulo yomuntu siqu.” Kuthiwa izici ezilandelayo zibalulekile ukuze umuntu ajabule: umbono wokulindela okuhle, nakuba ungokoqobo; ukuba nobungane nokwenza abangane; ukwaneliseka komuntu ngokuphila kwakhe, okuhlanganisa “ukusebenzisa isikhathi sakhe ngokuphumelelayo”; nokuba ‘nenkolo ekugcina umatasa.’
Akwephuzile Ukuba Ungayeka
Lapho uyeka ukubhema ngokushesha, cishe ngeke kwenzeke ukuba ubulawe umdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-Lancet ibika ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwamuva nje kwabantu baseMelika abangu-900 000 kwembula okulandelayo. Phakathi kwabantu abangabhemi inani labantu ababulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engu-75 ubudala lalingaphansi kwabangu-50 kulabo nalabo abangu-100 000. Emadodeni ayeka ukubhema eminyakeni yawo yawo-30, izinga lokufa lenyukela cishe kwayikhulu kulawo nalawo angu-100 000. Kulawo ayeka eminyakeni yawo yawo-60, inani lafayo lenyukela kwangu-550 kulawo nalawo angu-100 000. Phakathi kwabantu ababhemayo abangazange bakuyeke nhlobo, inani labantu ababulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu lalingu-1 250 kulabo nalabo abangu-100 000. Amazinga okubulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane ayephansi kodwa abonisa ukuthambekela okufanayo.
Amaphutha Ezindaweni Zokucwaninga
Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ayafa noma agule kakhulu unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yamaphutha enziwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga zezokwelapha, kusho i-World Health Organization. Izindawo zokucwaninga zinendima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi nezicubu zabantu ukuze kuthungathwe futhi kuqinisekiswe izifo. Imiphumela yokuhlola eyiphutha ingaholela ekuxilongeni nokwelapha okuyiphutha. Ngo-April ochwepheshe abangaphezu kuka-90 abavela emhlabeni wonke bahlangana eGeneva, eSwitzerland, ukuze baxoxe ngalenkinga.
“Amadolobhakazi”
“Ekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, kuyobe ‘kunamadolobhakazi’ angu-21 anemiphakathi eyizigidi eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu,” kusho umagazini i-Time. “Phakathi kwalawa, angu-18 ayobe esemazweni asathuthuka, kuhlanganise namanye amazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni.” Amazwe ayishumi nantathu abalwa njenganabantu abayizigidi eziyishumi noma ngaphezulu kakade ezindaweni zawo zasemadolobheni amakhulu. ITokyo ihola phambili, ngezakhamuzi ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezingu-26, ilandelwe iSão Paulo, iDolobha laseNew York, iDolobha laseMexico, iShanghai, iBombay, iLos Angeles, iBuenos Aires, iSeoul, iBeijing, iRio de Janeiro, iCalcutta, neDjakarta. Amanye amadolobha e-Afrika akhula ngamaphesenti ayishumi minyaka yonke—isilinganiso esishesha kakhulu sokukhula kwamadolobha esake sabikwa—kusho iBhange Lomhlaba. Ngokuvamile imiphakathi emikhulu ibhekana nokungcola okwandayo nosongo lwezifo.
Ukulanda Izinto Ezatholakala Kuyi-Titanic
Abanikazi banikezwa izinyanga ezintathu zokulanda noma iziphi izinto kwezingu-1 800 ezatholakala kuyi-Titanic, iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngemva kokuba lomkhumbi utholwe emanzini abandayo ngasogwini lwaseNewfoundland. Selokhu lomkhumbi wacwila ohambweni lwawo lokuqala ngo-1912, kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi abangeza ukuzolanda lezimpahla bayizindlalifa zabantu abangu-687 abasinda kulenhlekelele noma abangu-1 513 abafa. Leliqoqo lihlanganisa amawashi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezenziwe ngamatshe ayigugu, izinhlamvu zemali, izimpahla zesikhumba, nezinto zokulungisa izinwele. Nokho, ubufakazi bobunikazi buyoba nzima, njengoba zimbalwa izimpahla ezibhalwe amagama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, noma ubani ofisa ukubuyiselwa impahla ethile futhi onganikeza ubufakazi bobunikazi kuyodingeka ukuba anikele ezindlekweni zalomkhankaso zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-16,2, ezisekelwe entengweni yokuhweba ngalempahla. Izimpahla ezingalandwanga ziyoba impahla yenhlangano eyaxhasa lomkhankaso ngezimali. Ngokuthakazelisayo, azikho izinto ezivamile ezatholakala ezazenziwe ngepulasitiki.