Ososayensi Badukisa Umphakathi
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eSpain
KWASE kuyiminyaka eminingi uTomás Serrano, umlimi waseSpain osekhulile, ogqungqiswe isimo sezulu, ekholelwa ukuthi isivande sakhe sase-Andalusia sifihle okuthile okuyingqayizivele. Ngokuphindaphindiwe igeja lakhe lalikhipha amathambo namazinyo angavamile ngokuqinisekile ayengewona awezinkomo zakulendawo. Kodwa lapho ekhuluma ngalokho akuthola kulesigodi, akukho muntu owanaka—okungenani akekho owanaka kwaze kwaba ngo-1980.
Kulowonyaka kwafika iqembu lezazi ze-paleontology lizohlola lendawo. Esikhathini esingeside lathola iqoqo lengcebo yangempela yezinsalela: amathambo amabhele, izindlovu, izimvubu, nezinye izilwane—wonke efakwe endaweni encane ngokusobala eyayiyixhaphozi elomile. Nokho, kwakungo-1983 lapho lendawo evundile ngokungalindelekile ivela ezihlokweni ezinkulu zezindaba zomhlaba wonke.
Kwakusanda kutholakala ucezwana oluncane logebhezi. Lwabizwa ngokuthi “izinsalela zomuntu ezindala kakhulu ezitholakale eYurophu nase-Asia.” Belinganisela ukuthi luneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-900 000 nengu-1 600 000, abanye ososayensi balindela ukuba lulethe “ushintsho ekuhlolweni kwezinhlobo zabantu.”
Insalela eyabangela yonke lentshiseko yabizwa ngokuthi “Umuntu Wase-Orce”—yethiwa ngomuzi osesifundeni saseGranada, eSpain, lapho yatholakala khona.
Umuntu Wase-Orce” Uvezwa Emithonjeni Yezindaba
Ngo-June 11, 1983, lensalela yavezwa obala eSpain. Ososayensi abavelele baseSpain, eFrance, naseBrithani base bekufakazele kakade ukuthenjelwa kwayo, futhi nokusekela kwezombangazwe kwakusondela ngokushesha. Umagazini waseSpain wanyanga zonke wabika ngentshiseko: “ISpain, futhi ikakhulukazi iGranada, manje ihola phambili emlandweni [womuntu] ezwekazini lase-Eurasia.”
Wayenjani ngempela “Umuntu Wase-Orce”? Ososayensi bamchaza njengomuntu owayesanda kubaleka e-Afrika. Kwathiwa lensalela yayingeyensizwa ethile eyayineminyaka engaba ngu-17 ubudala futhi ingamamitha angu-1,5 ubude. Cishe yayingumzingeli nomqongeleli okungenzeka wayengakakufundi ukusebenzisa umlilo. Ngokunokwenzeka kakade yayisisungule ulimi nenkolo ephansi. Yayidla izithelo, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, nezinambuzane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi yayidla nezinsalela zezilwane ezazibulawe izimpisi.
Amaphutha Ngokuchazwa Kwayo
Ngo-May 12, 1984, emasontweni amabili kuphela ngaphambi komhlangano wesayensi wamazwe onke ophathelene nalendaba, kwaphakama ukungabaza okungathi sína ngokuphathelene nemvelaphi yalensalela. Ngemva kokususwa kwezinsalela ze-calcium ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwalolugebhezi, lezizazi ze-paleontology zathola “incegela” eyazixaka. Izingebhezi zabantu azinayo incegela enjalo. Umhlangano wahlehliswa.
Iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseMadrid i-País lalinesihloko esikhulu esithi, “Izimpawu Ezingathi Sína Zokuthi Ugebhezi ‘Lomuntu Wase-Orce’ Lungolwembongolo.” Ekugcineni, ngo-1987, iphepha lesayensi elabhalwa uJordi Agustí noSalvador Moyà, ezimbili zezazi ezazihileleke ekutholeni kokuqala, lamemezela ukuthi ukuhlaziya ngama-X-ray kwakubonise ngempela ukuthi lensalela kwakungeyohlobo oluthile lwehhashi.
Kungani Bakhohliseka?
Lokhu kudideka kwaphakama ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, okungekho nesisodwa kuzo esihlangene nendlela engokwesayensi yokucwaninga. Ukutholakala okubabazekayo kwezinsalela zokhokho abangabantu akuvamanga ukuhlala isikhathi eside emkhakheni ophelele wososayensi. Izazi zezombangazwe zasheshe zasekela okwakubonakala kuyinzuzo, futhi ukuqina kwesayensi kwasithibezwa ukushisekela ubuzwe.
Ungqongqoshe wendawo wezamasiko wamemezela ukuthi kwakuyisikhathi sokuziqhenya nge-Andalusia “ukuba ibe yisizinda sokutholakala kwento enkulu kanjalo.” Lapho ezinye izigungu zizwakalisa ukungabaza ngalokho okwatholakala, uhulumeni wendawo wase-Andalusia waphetha ngokuqinile ngokuthi “lezizinsalela zazinokwethenjelwa.”
Insalela enjalo engelutho (cishe engamasentimitha angu-8 ubukhulu) izuza ukubaluleka okukhulu ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi bokusekela isayensi yokuzivelela komuntu. Naphezu kobuncane balensalela, “Umuntu Wase-Orce” wabizwa ngokuthi “into etholwe yi-paleontology enkulu kunazo zonke eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanye nokuthi iyiketanga elihlanganisa umuntu ovamile wase-Afrika (Homo habilis) nomuntu omdala kakhulu wasezwekazini lase-Eurasia (Homo erectus).” Ukucabangela okunzulu nokuqagela okungahambisani ngempela nesayensi kwaba okwanele ukuze kugcwaliswe imininingwane ngokubukeka nendlela yokuphila ‘Yomuntu Wase-Orce.’
Esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambi kokutholakala ‘Komuntu Wase-Orce,’ umholi weqembu lesayensi, uDkt. Josep Gibert, wayekhulume ngezinto ezingalindelekile ngokungangabazeki ezaziyovezwa yilendawo. Wagomela: “Ingesinye sezizinda ezibaluleke kakhulu ezigcwele izinto ezincane zaseNdulo eYurophu.” Futhi ngisho nangemva kokuthola ukuthi lensalela iyini ngempela, uDkt. Gibert waphikelela: “Umphakathi wososayensi wamazwe onke ukholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi endaweni yaseGuadix-Baza [lapho kwatholakala khona lolucezwana logebhezi], ngokushesha kuyotholakala insalela yomuntu eneminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi, futhi lokho ngokuqinisekile kuyoba into enkulu etholakele.” Ngempela, isifiso esiyiphupho!
“Isayensi Ikhathalela Ukuthola Iqiniso”
UDkt. Salvador Moyà, owayekhona lapho kutholakala “Umuntu Wase-Orce,” wavuma ngokwethembeka ku-Phaphama!: “Mina noDkt. Jordi Agustí sakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukwamukela ukuthi lensalela yayingeyona eyomuntu. Nokho, isayensi ikhathalela ukuthola iqiniso, ngisho nakuba singase singalithandi.”
Indida eye yahambisana ‘Nomuntu Wase-Orce’ ibonisa ukuthi kuwumsebenzi onzima kangakanani nge-paleontology ukwembula iqiniso ngokuphathelene nalokho okuthiwa ukuzivelela komuntu. Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka okumba, azikatholakali izinsalela zangempela zalokho okucatshangelwa njengokhokho bomuntu abanjengezinkawu. Nakuba kungase kungathandeki kwabanye ososayensi, kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukuntuleka kobufakazi obuqinile kubonisa iqiniso lokuthi umuntu akawona nakancane umkhiqizo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo?
Ingqapheli engakhethi ingase izibuze ukuthi abanye “abantu abayizinkawu” abadumile bangokoqobo ngokwengeziwe yini kunendlela “Umuntu Wase-Orce” aye wabonakala eyiyo.a Njengoba umlando uye wabonisa ngokwanele, isayensi ingaholela abantu eqinisweni, kodwa ososayensi bayawenza amaphutha. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi lapho ukuthambekela kwezombangazwe, kwefilosofi, nokomuntu siqu kusithibeza lendaba—nalapho kusetshenziswa okuncane kangaka ukuze kuzanywe ukuchaza okuningi kangaka.
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwabanye okuthiwa abantu abayizinkawu, bheka isahluko 9 sencwadi ethi Life—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by Creation? eyakhishwa yi-Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
[Izithombe ekhasini 24, 25]
Ngenhla: Umfanekiso wocezwana olungamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ubukhulu lwalokho okukholelwa ukuthi “Umuntu Wase-Orce”
Kwesokudla: Umdwebo “womuntu wasendulo” oqagelwayo njengoba ecatshangelwa izazi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo