Ukubuka Okwezwe
Indlala Ikhungethe Ingxenye Enkulu Yesintu
Umhlaba awukaze ukhiqize ukudla okuningi kangaka kokondla isintu; kodwa, akukaze kwenzeke ukuba isintu esiningi kangaka sikhungathwe indlala. Ingosi yezindaba i-France-Presse ibika ukuthi ngokwezibalo zamuva ezivela kuyi-World Bank, indlala yahlasela ukuphila kwabantu abangaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 130 ngo-1990, okwedlula noma yinini ngaphambili. Yathinta amaphesenti acishe abe ngu-30 abantu abahlala emazweni asathuthuka. Izingxenye ezazithinteke ukuzedlula zonke emhlabeni kwakuyiningizimu Asia, lapho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-562 bekhungethwe khona indlala (amaphesenti angu-49 enani labantu); i-Afrika, izigidi ezingu-216 (amaphesenti angu-47,8 enani labantu); iMpumalanga Eseduze naseNyakatho Afrika, izigidi ezingu-73 (amaphesenti angu-33,1 enani labantu); naseLatin America naseCaribbean, izigidi ezingu-108 (amaphesenti angu-25,2 enani labantu). Lezizibalo azibahlanganisi nabanye abantu abacishe babe izigidi eziyinkulungwane abakhungethwe ukungondleki kahle.
Ukwandisa Umholo Ngobuhlakani
Ekuqaleni kuka-1993, i-Association for Scientific Research into the Parasciences eJalimane yaqoqa izibikezelo ezingu-70 ezenziwa abafundi bezinkanyezi yase ihlaziya imiphumela ekupheleni kwalowonyaka. Uma kubhekwa ukwehluleka kwezibikezelo zeminyaka edlule (bheka i-Phaphama! ka-June 8, 1992, ikhasi 29, neka-July 8, 1993, ikhasi 29), ingabe abafundi bezinkanyezi benza kangcono ngo-1993? “Babehubhuza amanga wodwa,” kubika i-Nassauische Neue Presse. “Abafundi bezinkanyezi abaningi abazikholelwa nokuzikholelwa izibikezelo zabo zalowonyaka,” kuphawula okhulumela lenhlangano. Kodwa ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi eJalimane kuyibhizinisi elichumayo, elingenisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-197 (ama-deutsche mark ayizigidi eziyikhulu) ngonyaka. Ababikezeli benhlanhla abaningi babheka izibikezelo eziwubuciko “njengendlela ephumelelayo yokwaziwa” ukuze bakhuphule imali engenayo, kubika leliphephandaba.
Izingane Ezifuna Imisebenzi
Izingane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyisishiyagalombili ziyasebenza eBrazil, kubika i-Estado de S. Paulo. Lezizingane zingase zenze umsebenzi ofana nowabantu abadala. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile zikhokhelwa imali encane, zinikela okuncane emholweni wasekhaya. Cishe ngenxa yokuthi lezizisebenzi ezisencane zisuke zingayanga ngokwanele esikoleni zihlala zingafundile futhi zimpofu njengabazali bazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLuiz Cláudio de Vasconcelos woMnyango Wezisebenzi uthi, “ingane esebenzayo ivala izikhala zemisebenzi zezinye izinhloko zemikhaya, ngenxa yokuthi izimisele ukwamukela umholo oyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunowabantu abadala.”
Inani Labantu Emhlabeni Libhuqabhuqwa Ingculaza
◻ “Ingculaza izobhuqa abantu abaningi emazweni angu-15 anesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu se-HIV,” kuxwayisa i-Populi, umagazini we-United Nations Population Fund. Esihlokweni sombiko wamuva we-UN esithi World Population Prospects: The 1992 Revision, lomagazini ubikezela ukuthi eminyakeni engaba yishumi kusukela manje, “ukwanda kwenani labantu kulamazwe kuyoncipha ngezigidi ezingu-12 ngenxa yengculaza. Abantu abengeziwe abayizigidi ezingu-9 bazobulawa ingculaza kulamazwe, futhi kuzozalwa izingane ezimbalwa ngenxa yokufa kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala abantwana.”
◻ Ngo-December 1, 1993 kwakugujwa i-World AIDS Day. Kodwa imiphumela yemikhankaso yokulwa nalesisifo ayithokozisanga kangako. Esinye isikhulu se-WHO (World Health Organization) savuma: “Angikholwa ngempela ukuthi kukhona esesikwenzile ngengculaza e-Afrika.” Sasivuma isidingo sokugcizelela ukubaluleka kokwethembeka emshadweni ukuze kulwiwe nalesifo. Iphephandaba i-Cape Times lathi i-Afrika “inengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zeziguli ezibikwayo emhlabeni wonke.” Ngokusho kwe-WHO, iziguli ezinengculaza ezingabantu abadala ezilinganiselwa esigidini zihlala e-Afrika esogwadule laseSahara.
Ukunqandwa Kokubhema Kuyakhula
Kuye kwashaywa imithetho emisha edinga izixwayiso eziqondile ngokuqondene nezingozi zokubhema usikilidi e-Australian Capital Territory. Kusukela ngo-April 1, 1994, wonke amaphakethe kasikilidi kumelwe abe nezixwayiso ezibonakala ngokusobala, njengokuthi: “Ukubhema Kuyabulala,” “Ukubhema Kwakho Kungabalimaza Abanye,” “Ukubhema Kukwenza Umlutha,” nokuthi “Ukubhema Lapho Ukhulelwe Kulimaza Umntanakho.” Ngokusho kwe-Canberra Times, lezizixwayiso kumelwe zibe sesikhaleni esingengaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-25 ngaphambili ephaketheni. Ngemuva okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zalelophakethe kumelwe ibe nalamazwi: “Intuthu kagwayi iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi abangela umdlavuza. Lapho intuthu idonswa, lamakhemikhali angalimaza amaphaphu, futhi angabangela umdlavuza. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uwumdlavuza ovame kakhulu obangelwa ukubhema. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile uyanda futhi usakazeke ngaphambi kokuba uqapheleke. Ezimweni eziningi ubulala ngokushesha. [Ukubhema] kubulala cishe abantu abaphindwe kathathu ngobuningi kunalabo ababulawa utshwala nezinye izidakamizwa sezihlangene. Abanye abantu abaphindwe kasithupha ngobuningi babulawa imiphumela yokubhema unyaka ngamunye ukudlula izingozi zezimoto.”
Irobhothi Elikha Izithelo
Intuthuko yamuva kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo eNtaliyane iyirobhothi elisebenza nge-computer elikwazi ukukha “amawolintshi afinyelela ku-2 500 ngehora ezihlahleni.” Lomshini unezingalo zensimbi eziyisishiyagalombili “ezisheshayo ukuzwela,” ngayinye inehlo elisebenza ngogesi, futhi iklanyelwe “ukubona izinga lemibala” bese ikhetha “isithelo esesivuthiwe, yeqe ezingakavuthwa, ngemva kokuzithinta kancane izizwa ukuthi zivuthiwe yini,” ngokusho kwe-Stampa. Lelirobhothi elihamba kujantshi, “lisebenza ngenjini ye-diesel, lingasebenza ubusuku nemini ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esibi futhi likhe amawolintshi ezihlahleni eziphakeme ngamamitha amathathu nengxenye . . . Phakathi nesikhathi sokukha, lihamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-8 ngehora futhi lingahamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-14 ngehora, lidonsa inqola engathwala amakhilogremu afinyelela ku-500.”
Lapho Ukhula Luthandwa Khona
“Ukhula lugcwele kulo lonke ipaki, futhi kunezihlahla eziningi zezithelo neze-chestnut,” kusho i-Asahi Evening News ngohlobo olusha lwepaki laseTokyo. Azikho izindawo ezigandayiwe, futhi azitholakali izinto zasepaki ezinjengemijikelo, imishununuzo, namabhokisi anesihlabathi.” Izakhamuzi eziseduze ziyajabula. Eminyakeni emibili edlule zasikisela emkhandlwini wedolobha ukuthi ipaki “kufanele limile utshani futhi libe nezinambuzane nezilwanyana ezincane” nokuthi “abantwana kufanele bakwazi ukumba imigodi badlale nangodaka, futhi akufanele kube khona izimpawu ezivimbela noma yini.” Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, ipaki lesibili, nalo elichazwa ngokuthi “licishe libe nesimo esingokwemvelo, ligcwele ukhula” liye lakhiwa eTokyo. Abahleli bamadolobha nabahleli bamapaki ezweni lonke baye bamangazwa ukubona indlela abahlala emadolobheni abalufuna ngayo loluhlobo lwepaki, bephawula ukuthi uma sebenalo, bahlanganyela ngentshiseko ekuhlanzweni nasekulondolozweni kwalo.
Ukucisha Umlilo Wesihogo
“Amasonto awasazigcizeleli kangako izintshumayelo zakudala zomlilo nesibabule” njengasesikhathini esidlule, kusho uRobert Wuthnow, oyisazi sezenhlalo e-Princeton University. Kungani? “Isijeziso saphakade asisenjengakuqala,” kubika i-Edmonton Journal, iphephandaba lase-Canada. Ukuhlola kwakamuva kwe-Gallup kwabonisa ukuthi nakuba amaphesenti angu-60 abantu baseMelika ethi ayakholelwa esihogweni somlilo, amaphesenti amane kuphela alindele ukuya khona. ECanada, amaphesenti angu-38 alabo abahlolwa ayekholelwa esihogweni somlilo; eSpain, amaphesenti angu-27; naseSweden, amaphesenti angu-7. “Umqondo wesihogo ubonakala ungabashukumiseli abantu ekukhonzeni uNkulunkulu noma bamukele uKristu njengomsindisi wabo,” kusho umfundisi waseSontweni LikaMoya uBruce Klepp. “Imfundiso yesihogo igcina ingenzanga mehluko kwanhlobo ekuziphatheni,” kusho uTom Harpur we-Toronto Star.
Ubuciko BeKaraoke
Elinye lamagama eliku-Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, uhlelo lweshumi, lithi “karaoke.” Leligama libhekisela “entweni edlala izinsimbi zomculo zohlu lwezingoma lowo oyisebenzisayo acula ngokuhambisana nazo” futhi livela egameni lesiJapane elakhiwa u-kara, okusho ukuthi “-ngenalutho,” no-oke, isifushaniso selithi “orchestra.” Yanelisa ukuziqhenya kwalowo oyisebenzisayo ngokumvumela ukuba acule kanye ne-orchestra ephelele. Ngokokuqala ngqá eJapane, i-karaoke yaqashelwa “embikweni kahulumeni wezemfundo” “njengomsebenzi wesiko,” nokuthi ithandwa kakhulu ezweni. Amaphesenti amangalisayo angu-74 alabo abaneminyaka engu-19 kuya ku-29 ubudala ayeseke ayidlala phakathi nenkathi yonyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokuhlola. Lapho ekhuluma ngokuguquka kwesimo sengqondo phakathi kwamaJapane, uTetsuo Sakurai, uprofesa wezenhlalo, wathi kuyi-Mainichi Daily News: “Abantu manje sebezimisele ukuziveza ngokukhululekile nangokusobala.”
Isimo Samalungelo Abantu: “Siyadabukisa”
“Ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abantu kubaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yesintu yesikhathi esizayo,” kusho u-Ibrahima Fall, owayeyiphini likanobhala-jikelele wamalungelo abantu kuyi-UN World Conference on Human Rights. “Kodwa [emazweni] amaningi,” ephawula, “isilinganiso sokunganakwa okuqhubekayo kwamalungelo abantu siyadabukisa.” I-World Conference on Human Rights, iphephabhuku le-UN, iqinisekisa ukuthi okungenani ingxenye yenani labantu emhlabeni iyahlupheka ngenxa yokunganakwa kwamalungelo abantu namuhla. UMnu. Fall uyanezela: “Ukufa, ukubhubhisa, ubandlululo, ubumpofu, ushushiso, ukudlwengula, ubugqila, ukulamba nokuphila okunzima noma okungagculisi kusalokhu kuyisiqalekiso sezigidi zabantu.” Okubi nakakhulu, lesosiqalekiso sandiswa ukuthi “izinkinga zamalungelo,” kuxwayisa i-UN, “zanda kakhulu.”