Ukuphindela Esikoleni—Ngani?

UKUFUNA kukaRobert umsebenzi kwakungokuhlangenwe nakho okukhungathekisayo okwathatha iminyaka emithathu egcwele. Ekugcineni, eneminyaka engu-21, waqashwa njengomeluleki wentsha phakathi nesikhathi sekhefu lasehlobo. Nakuba akhululeka ngandlela-thile, uRobert wayesetubekile ngenxa yokufuna umsebenzi isikhathi eside. Uthi: “Abazali bethu bamane abaqondi. Kunzima kakhulu kulezizinsuku.”

NjengoRobert, intsha engenakubalwa esanda kuphothula esikoleni ingena ohlwini lwabantu abasebenzayo minyaka yonke. Inamathemba. Inezinhloso. Kodwa inani elandayo lithola ukuthi aliwutholi umsebenzi ebeliwulindele.

Ngakho, abaningi bandisa imfundo yabo.a Umagazini i-Fortune uthi: “Uma iminyaka yawo-1970 yabonisa uhlangothi olubi lwezinzuzo zemfundo, iminyaka yawo-1980 yaba negalelo elihlukile kubantu: Thola iziqu noma ubhekane nemiphumela yokungabi nazo.”

Kungani Kunalenkinga?

Kungani ngokuvamile kudingeka imfundo yokwenezela? Okokuqala, imisebenzi eminingi namuhla idinga ikhono eliphakeme. “Isisebenzi sasebhange esasemukela nje imali egcinwayo sesiye sathathelwa isikhundla umshini wemali,” kusho ummeleli we-Labor Department yase-United States. “Manje [isisebenzi sasebhange] kumelwe singeluleke ngezindlela ezintathu zokulondoloza imali futhi singichazele ukuthi kungani ngilungelwe yilena kunaleyana.” UWilliam D. Ford, usihlalo we-House Education and Labor Committee, uthi: “Ayisekho imisebenzi elula.”

Okwesibili, abanye banomuzwa wokuthi izikole azibafundisi ngokwanele abafundi. Bathi kugcizelelwa kakhulu izindaba ezinjengokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ingculaza, nokuvimbela inzalo kunokuba kugcizelelwe izindlela zokufunda ukuzifundela, ukubhala, nezibalo. UDkt. Robert Appleton, osekuyiminyaka engu-27 enguthisha, ukhala ngokuthi isimiso sesikole sesiye saba “isikhungo sezenhlalakahle” esinomsebenzi onzima ‘wokusingatha izinkinga ezazingabhekwa njengeziyingxenye yesikole.’

Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinye izikole ukufundisa abafundi amakhono adingekayo, abaningi abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme abakwazi ukuzondla. “Abazange bafundiswe ukusebenza,” kusho uJoseph W. Schroeder, ophethe ihhovisi leNkonzo Yezemisebenzi laseFlorida. “Inkinga abaqashi abavame ukungitshela yona ngokuqondene nokusebenzelana nentsha iwukuthi ayikwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala kahle. Ayikwazi ukugcwalisa ifomu lesicelo somsebenzi.”

Isizathu sesithathu esenza ukuba kudingeke imfundo yokwenezela ukuthi emazweni amaningi abaningi abaphothule emakolishi bathutheleka ezindaweni zemisebenzi. I-New York Times ithi: “Abaphothule emakolishi baningi kunemisebenzi abayifundele.” Lombiko uyanezela: “Benalababantu abaningi ngokweqile, abaqashi bayathandabuza ukuqasha abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme.”

Ukuze bafanelekele uhlobo lomsebenzi odingekayo ukuze bazondle ngokufanele, abaningi baphindela esikoleni. E-United States, abangamaphesenti angu-59 bengeza imfundo yabo ngaphezu kweyasesikoleni esiphakeme. Lokhu kuwukwanda okuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwenani lamaphesenti angu-50 ebelikhona emashumini eminyaka amaningi.

Izimo ezifanayo ziyaphawuleka nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ngawo-1960, eBrithani kuye kwaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani labafundi abathola imfundo engaphezu kwefunwa umthetho. Ngonyaka othile muva nje, e-Australia kwaba namaphesenti angu-85 ababephothule esikoleni esiphakeme abafaka izicelo emayunivesithi nasemakolishi ahlukahlukene. Cishe amaphesenti angu-95 abafundi baseJapane abhala izivivinyo ukuze athole imfundo eyengeziwe yeminyaka emithathu, lapho elungiselelwa khona ukuthola umsebenzi noma ukuya ekolishi.

Nokho, imfundo yokwenezela ayinikezi izinzuzo ezifiswayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yibuphi ubuhle nobubi bayo?

[Foootnote]