Iziqhingi ZaseCanary—Isimo Sezulu Esincwaba, Indawo Ekhangayo

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ESPAIN

KUTHIWA kude ngaphesheya kolwandle, ngalé kwePillars of Hercules, kwakuneziqhingi ezinhle kakhulu. Umhlabathi wawuvundile, isimo sezulu sincwaba, kangangokuba kwakumila yonke into noma ngabe yini. Lezi kwakuyiziqhingi zaseFortunate. Thina sesizazi ngokuthi iziqhingi zaseCanary, njengoba elithi “Canary” livela kwelesiLatini elithi canis, elisho izinja ezinkulu, ezinolaka ezake zaba ziningi lapho.

Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kweqiniso nendaba eqanjiwe, okwahlotshiswa abalobi abangamaRoma namaGreki, kwakusekelwe ezindabeni zamatilosi ambalwa ayenesibindi adabula i-Atlantic ngemikhumbi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sikaKristu. Namuhla, abavakashela izindawo yibona abalandela umkhondo walawomatilosi asendulo. Leziziqhingi zisenjengoba zazinjalo, nakuba sezanyamalala ezinye zezici ezithakazelisayo neziningi ezingaqondakali. Isimo sezulu salapha sincwaba ngempela, sikhanga nezigidi zezivakashi ezifuna ukuphumula esikhathini sasebusika obushubisa umnkantsha baseNyakatho Yurophu.

Isimo sezulu esicwathile akusona kuphela esikhangayo. Kuleziziqhingi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo nezitshalo ezingavamile ezikwenza kufaneleke nakakhulu ukwenziwa kwezindawo zombuso zokulondoloza imvelo kwezine zeziqhingi eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu.

ITenerife—Ingadi Esemadwaleni Ngaphezu Kwamafu

Esiqhingini esikhulu kunazo zonke, iTenerife, indawo enkulu ithathwe iPico de Teide, intaba-mlilo engasaqhumi ephakama ifinyelele ngaphezu kwamafu eza kancane kancane evela e-Atlantic. Lesisiqongo sentaba-mlilo sizungezwe indawo eyisicaba eba ummango kancane kancane, okuthi uma isihlangene nentaba-mlilo enkulu ibe iTeide National Park. Lendawo yokulondoloza imvelo inezitshalo ezingavamile ezimila uma sekuyophela intwasahlobo futhi kuqala ihlobo lapho lezizitshalo zizuza khona emswakameni oba khona ngenxa yeqhwa lasebusika. Ngokuphazima kweso indawo ewugwadule yentaba-mlilo iguquka insimu esemadwaleni enombala ogqamile.

Ezimbili zezinhlobo zezimbali ezingavamile kunazo zonke kulendawo yokulondoloza imvelo azitholakali nomaphi emhlabeni. I-tajinaste ebomvu neTeide violet. I-tajinaste ebomvu iyisitshalo okungenakuphikwa ukuthi sihle kunazo zonke kuleliqoqo leziqhingi—izixha eziningi zezimbali ezibomvu ezikhula zisonteke eziqwini ezizimele zodwa eziphakama zibe ngamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu. Izimbali ezinde kakhulu zibukeka njengoshimula ababomvu abanezimbali ababingelela isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza cwe.

ITeide violet, ehlobisa unqenqema lwentaba-mlilo ngomqhele wezimbali, iyaphawuleka ngokuphikelela kwayo ezimweni ezinzima. Ikhula ebangeni elingamamitha ambalwa nje ukusuka esiqongweni esingamamitha angu-3 700 ukuphakama, lapho kungekho khona ezinye izitshalo ezimilayo.

ILa Palma—Ibhodwe Elikhulu Eliluhlaza Lentaba-mlilo

ILa Palma inenye yezimbobo zentaba-mlilo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Unqenqema lwayo lungamakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-27 ububanzi futhi lungamamitha acishe abe ngu-2 400 ukuphakama. Umgodi omkhulu osezansi, omaphakathi nesiqhingi, uyintaba-mlilo eyaqhuma okuthe phakathi neminyaka yagwedwa umoya nemvula yaze yaba yilokho okufana nebhodwe elikhulu. Yingakho ubizwa ngegama leSipanishi elithi caldera (igama leSipanishi lebhodwe elikhulu), okuyigama elisetshenziswa nakweminye imigodi yezintaba-mlilo emhlabeni wonke.a

Le-caldera, manje eyindawo yombuso yokulondoloza imvelo, icishe imbozwe ihlathi elihle lemithi ye-pine. Imithi ye-pine yaseCanary, imithi eminingi kunayo yonke, imile yonke indawo ngaphandle kwasemimangweni eyimiqansa kakhulu, ivikela izindonga ze-caldera ekuqhubekeni ziguguleka. Njengoba icishe ingahlangani nezwe langaphandle ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwayo, le-caldera engonakalisiwe iyikhaya lobuhle nokuthula kubathandi bemvelo abanesibindi sokungena kuyo.

IGomera—Izibuko Lokuwelela EMelika

Wayesuka kulesisiqhingi esicashile uColumbus lapho ehamba ngomkhumbi eya ezweni elingaziwa. Sasisanda kunqotshwa abaseSpain, futhi uColumbus wema kulelitheku elincane laseSan Sebastián ukuze afake amanzi emikhunjini athathe nezinto ayezozidinga.

Ngesikhathi sikaColumbus, izakhamuzi zalesisiqhingi, ama-Guanche, zazisadla ngoludala, kodwa zazingabantu abazimisele ukushintsha. Ngenxa yokuthi lendawo inamagquma, zazisungule ulimi olungavamile lwamakhwelo olwaluzenza zikwazi ukuxoxa zisezinkalweni eziqhelelene ezisebangeni elingamakhilomitha ambalwa noma ngaphezulu. Nakuba abaningi sebalukhohlwa, lendlela ‘yokuxhumana ngekhwelo’ isasetshenziswa abantu asebekhulile uma befuna ukudlulisela izindaba okumelwe zihambe ngokushesha. OFakazi BakaJehova njengoba beshumayela kulawomadolobhana angawodwa baye bawuzwa izikhathi eziningana umyalezo othi “Sebefikile oFakazi!” ushiwo ngamakhwelo eziqongweni zamagquma.

Emimangweni ephakeme yalesisiqhingi kunendawo yombuso yokulondoloza imvelo eyenzelwe ukuvikela ihlathi lasendulo. Izinzulu zalo ezimnyama, ezihlale zimbozwe inkungu futhi zigcwele amagatsha asontekile ambozwe i-lichen enjengezimpaphe, zibuyisa izinkumbulo zezinganekwane okukade zalitshalwa. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyisimanga, ngokuvamile liyana lapha ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Imithi “incela” amanzi asemafwini apheshulelwa phezu kwalelihlathi imimoya yasikhathi sonke eya ngasenyakatho. Ngakho, ngaphansi kwemithi kuhlale kunemikhemezelo, kuyilapho endaweni evulekile kungase kungabi namvula nakancane.

Izinsalela zemithi zibonisa ukuthi lelihlathi lemithi ye-laurel (ebizwa ngokuthi laurisilva) lake laba khona endaweni yaseMedithera. Kodwa ushintsho esimweni sezulu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule lwazinciphisa kakhulu izindawo elalikuzo kwagcina kuseziqongweni zamagquma ezimbalwa nje zaseziqhingini zaseCanary.

ILanzarote—Isiqhingi Esiwugwadule Esihlukile

ILanzarote iyisiqhingi esiwugwadule, okuthe nakuba singashiyiwe, saba njengogwadule. Imvula icishe ibe into engaphathwa nje. Ukuphila lapha bekulokhu kunzima eqenjini labantu elincane, kodwa-ke emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule uchungechunge lokuqhuma okunamandla kwezintaba-mlilo lwashintsha isimo salesisiqhingi. Lezizintaba-mlilo zaletha ukufa nokuphila. Ukufa, ngomqondo wokuthi ingxenye yesine yalesisiqhingi yambozwa udaka lwamatshe ancibilikile olwalugeleza olwaphelisa ngokungazelele amadolobhana nemizi eminingi. Ukuphila, ngomqondo wokuthi abantu bakulesisiqhingi baye bakwazi ukuphila ngomlotha walezizintaba-mlilo.

Ngenxa yobuningi bamatshana azimbobombobo ezintaba-mlilo, aba khona ngemva kokuqhuma, abantu abakulesisiqhingi bangatshala izithelo nemifino nakuba lingase lingani izinyanga eziningi. Amasimu ambozwe ungqimba olungaba amasentimitha ayishumi olungagcini nje ngokulondoloza umswakama womhlabathi ongaphansi kodwa oluthatha umswakama emoyeni oswakeme wasebusuku bese uludlulisela emhlabathini ongaphansi. Izivini, imikhiwane, otamatisi, ummbila, nezinye izitshalo zivele zizihlumele ematshaneni amnyama.

ITimanfaya National Park inezimbobo ezingavamile zezintaba-mlilo nendawo enkulu ezungezile embozwe udaka lwamatshe ancibilikile ezilukhiphile. Isimo sezulu esinjengesasogwadule siye salugcina lungaphazanyisiwe loludaka lwamatshe ancibilikile olujiyile, nesivakashi esihambela lendawo yokulondoloza imvelo singase sicabange ukuthi ukuqhuma kugcine izolo. Indawo ephawulekayo yentaba-mlilo, namadolobhana amahle kakhulu amhlophe, kwenza lesisiqhingi sibe nobuhle obungandile okungathi obasemaphusheni.

Ngokungangabazeki leziziqhingi ezinhle zezintaba-mlilo ziletha udumo ekhonweni lokuvumelana nezimo labantu abahlala kuzo nezitshalo ezikhula lapho. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ubuhle bazo bemvelo bushukumisela isivakashi esinenhlonipho ekubeni simnike udumo uMdali wezinto ezinjalo ezinhlobonhlobo.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi/Izithombe ekhasini 18]

Izilwane Nezitshalo Zaseziqhingini ZaseCanary

I-canary. (1) Njengoba zethiwe ngaleliqoqo leziqhingi, lezizinyoni ziseziningi, nakuba zisendle, azinayo imibala egqamile njengezinyoni ezithandwayo ezihlala emakhejini ezimibala yazo egqamile ibangelwa ukuthi sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amane zizikhetha ezizalanisana nazo.

Izinhlobo ze-Aeonium. (2) Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-24 zitholakala kuzo zonke leziziqhingi, eziningi zimila emifantwini enamadwala. Ezinye, njenge-Aeonium lancerottensis, (3) zikhula ngisho nasodakeni lwamatshe ancibilikile oluye lwaqina.

I-Teide violet. (4) Lezizimbali ezinhle zimila esimweni esingesihle neze sentaba-mlilo emamitheni angaba u-3 700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Insimu kabhanana. (5) Sekungamakhulu eminyaka kutshalwa ubhanana eziqhingini zaseCanary. Ababemisa amakoloni baseSpain bawuyisa eCaribbean ngokushesha ngemva kokutholwa kweMelika.

I-tajinaste ebomvu. (6) Izixha zezimbali ezincane ezibomvu zikhula zisonteke eziqwini ezizimele zodwa ngokuvamile eziba amamitha angaphezu kwamabili ubude.

Umuthi i-dragon. (7) Umuthi ongavamile nothandwa kunayo yonke kuleziziqhingi, lesisibonelo kuthiwa sineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu sikhona. Izinhlobo zasendulo ezinjengalolu zinakekelwa ngokucophelela emapaki kamasipala.

[Ibalazwe]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

La Palma

Tenerife

Gomera

Hierro

Lanzarote

Fuerteventura

Grand Canary

[Izithombe]

Indawo enkulu yeTenerife ithathwe iPico de Teide, intaba-mlilo engasaqhumi

1. I-canary.

2. Izinhlobo ze-Aeonium.

3. Aeonium lancerottensis

4. I-Teide violet.

5. Insimu kabhanana.

6. I-tajinaste ebomvu.

7. Umuthi i-dragon.

[Izithombe ekhasini 16, 17]

1. I-Granadillo

2. I-Tabaiba Majorera

3. I-Verol dulce

4. I-Ercila

5. I-Hierba blanca

6. I-Teide violet