Lalinjani Izwe Eminyakeni Engu-50 Edlule?
INGABE umdala ngokwanele ukuba ungakhumbula ukuthi izwe lalinjani ngo-1945? Laliqala nje ukululama eMpini Yezwe II eyaqala ngo-1939 lapho iBrithani neFrance iphaka impi eJalimane ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaNazi ePoland. Uma umncane kakhulu ukuba ungakukhumbula lokho, uyayikhumbula yini impi yaseKorea eyabheduka ngo-1950? Noma impi yaseVietnam kusukela ngawo-1950 kuya ku-1975? Noma impi yaseKuwait eyaphehlwa i-Iraq ngo-1990?
Akukumangalisi yini ukuthi lapho sibukeza umlando kusukela eMpini Yezwe II, kumelwe sikhumbule izimpi eziningi kangaka eziye zabangela usizi nokuhlupheka kwezigidi zabantu futhi eziye zabhubhisa ukuphila kwezinye izigidi? IMpi Yezwe II yabashiyelani abantu emuva ngaleso sikhathi?
Imiphumela YeMpi Yezwe II
Kwafa abantu abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-50 eMpini Yezwe II, futhi ngo-1945, izigidi zababaleki zazizulazula kulo lonke elaseYurophu zizama ukubuyela emakhaya azo asemadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni ayeshaywe ngamabhomu ukuze ziyoqala kabusha ukuphila kwazo okwakuhlukumezekile. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabesifazane namantombazane, ikakhulukazi eRussia naseJalimane, ayezama ukululama osizini lokudlwengulwa amabutho ayehlasela. Ukudla kwakwabiwa ngokulinganisela engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu—ukudla nezambatho kwakuyingcosana. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamasosha ayebuya empini ayefuna imisebenzi. Izigidi zabafelokazi nezintandane zazikhalela abayeni bazo nabazali abafile.
AmaJuda ayesazama ukuzindla ngobuqiniso bokuQothulwa Kwesizwe okwaqothula izigidi zamanye amaJuda namathuba awo okuzala ezinye izizukulwane. Izigidi zabantu—abaseBrithani, abaseFrance, amaJalimane, amaMelika, abaseRussia nabantu bezinye izizwe eziningi—zafa kuleyompi. Kwalahleka amathuba okuzala abantwana abanamakhono ukuze kuthuthukiswe izithakazelo zezombangazwe nezentengiselwano zemibuso yezwe nababusi bayo.
Amanye amazwe ayehlukunyezwe iMpi Yezwe II kangangokuba into yokuqala okwakumelwe ayenze kwakuwukusimama ngokwezomnotho. Ukuswelakala kokudla kwanda eYurophu iminyaka eminingana ngemva kwalempi. ISpain, nakuba yayingathathi hlangothi ngokusemthethweni phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, yayikhahlamezwe kakhulu impi yayo yombango (1936-39) nemithetho kahulumeni evimbela ezohwebo—izincwadi zokwabiwa kokudla ngokulinganisela zazisasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngo-June 1952.
EMpumalanga Ekude, izisulu zaseBurma, eChina, ePhilippines, nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga zazisazikhumbula izenzo zonya zamaJapane. I-United States, nakuba iyizwe elanqoba, yalahlekelwa amabutho angaba ngu-300-000, cishe ingxenye yawo eyasala ezinkundleni zempi zasePacific. EJapane, ubumpofu, isifo sofuba, nokushaya uhide lokuthola ukudla okwabiwe ngokulinganisela kwakuyinsakavukela ezakhamuzini ezazingabuthiwe.
Isimemo SikaChurchill Sokuthatha Isinyathelo
Enkulumweni yakhe yokunqoba ayinikeza ngo-May 13, 1945, kubantu baseBrithani ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II eYurophu, uNdunankulu uWinston Churchill wathi: “Ngifisa sengathi benginganitshela namuhla kusihlwa ukuthi konke ukukhandleka kwethu nezinkathazo kuphelile. . . . Kumelwe nginixwayise . . . ngokuthi kusekuningi okudingeka kwenziwe, futhi kumelwe nilungele ukwenza eminye imizamo yengqondo nomzimba nokunye ukuzidela ngezinkambiso ezibalulekile.” Ebheke phambili, elindele ukwanda kobuKhomanisi, wathi: “Ezwekazini laseYurophu kusadingeka siqiniseke ukuthi . . . amagama athi ‘inkululeko’, ‘ukubusa ngentando yeningi’, nelithi ‘ukukhululwa’ ayisontwa incazelo yawo yangempela ngokwendlela esiwaqonda ngayo.” Khona-ke wabe esenza isimemo esiyinselele: “Phambili, nigxile, ningaxegi, ninganqotshwa, kuze kube yilapho sekwenziwe wonke umsebenzi nezwe lonke selilondekile futhi selihlanzekile.”—Omalukeke sizenzele.
Ingxenye Yekhulu Leminyaka Lezimpi Nokufa
Enkulumweni ayinikeza ngo-1992, uNobhala-jikelele we-UN uBoutros Boutros-Ghali wavuma ukuthi “kusukela ekumisweni kweZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-1945, izimpi ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni wonke ziye zabulala abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-20.” Usandisa nakakhulu isibalo sabafa, umagazini i-World Watch wathi: “Leli kuye kwaba ikhulu leminyaka elingenakuthula emlandweni.” Umthombo ofanayo ucaphuna umcwaningi othile ethi “abantu abaningi baye babulawa izimpi kuleli khulu leminyaka kunangaphambili kuwo wonke umlando wesintu uhlangene. Abayizigidi ezingaba ngu-23 baye babulawa kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II.”
Nokho, i-Washington Post yabika esinye isilinganiso futhi: “Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, kuye kwalwiwa izimpi ezingaba ngu-160 embulungeni yonke, okwabangela ukusala kwabangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 ezinkundleni zempi kanye nokufa kwezakhamuzi ezazingabuthiwe eziyizigidi ezingaba ngu-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba nezinkubela, abadlwenguliwe nalabo abaye baba ababaleki.” Akukho kulokhu okuhlanganisa izigidi zezisulu zobugebengu bobudlova emhlabeni wonke phakathi naleminyaka engu-50 edlule!
Manje, ngo-1995, sisenezimpi ezibangelwa inzondo evuthayo ezingabulali nje kuphela amasosha angamadela-kufa kodwa futhi nezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi ezingabuthiwe zase-Afrika, emazweni aseBalkan, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseRussia.
Ngakho-ke singasho yini ukuthi eminyakeni engu-50 ngemva kuka-1945, “izwe lonke lilondekile futhi lihlanzekile”? Iyiphi intuthuko eyenziwe isintu ukuze umhlaba wethu ube indawo efanele nelondekile yokuhlala? Yini esiyifundile eminyakeni engu-50? Ingabe isintu siye sathuthuka ezintweni ezibaluleke ngempela—izindinganiso, ukuziphatha, izimiso zokuhle? Izihloko ezimbili ezilandelayo zizophendula lemibuzo. Isihloko sesine sizodingida amathemba ethu sonke esikhathi esizayo kulembulunga yethu eyidolobhana.
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Izinkumbulo Zenkathi Yangemva KweMpi Yezwe II
Indoda ethile eyiNgisi eyevile eminyakeni engu-60 iyakhumbula: “Emuva ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940, sasingenayo ithelevishini ekhaya. Umsakazo wawuyinto eyinhloko eyayishukumisa imicabango yethu. Njengoba ngangisafunda esikoleni, ingqondo yami yayihlala igxile ekufundeni nasemsebenzini wesikole. Ngangiya endaweni yamabhayisikobho mhlawumbe kanye ngenyanga. Ngangivame ukuhamba ngebhayisikili amakhilomitha ambalwa ngeMigqibelo ngiyobuka iqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo engilithandayo. Yayimbalwa kakhulu imikhaya eyayinemali yokuthenga imoto noma yokuba nocingo. Njengezinye izigidi zaseBrithani, sasingenayo indlu yokugeza eseceleni. Indlu yangasese yayingaphandle, futhi ubhavu wokugeza wawusekhishini, elalibuye libe indawo yokugeza. Phakathi nempi, sasiphila ngokudla okomisiwe—amaqanda, ubisi, namazambane ayimpuphu. Izithelo, njengamawolintshi nobhanana, sasizijabulela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukufika kwazo endaweni yokudayisa kwakuwuphawu kuwonk’ uwonke lokuba aphuthume emgqeni ukuze azitholele isilinganiso sakhe. Abesifazane abaningi kwakudingeka basebenze emafektri ezikhali. Ngaleso sikhathi abantu babengacabangi ngezinguquko ezazizobakhona—ama-TV, ama-video, ama-computer, i-cyberspace, ukuxhumana nge-fax, ukundiza emkhathini, nokuqondiswa kwezakhi zofuzo.”