Zivikele Ekuguleni Okubangelwa Ukudla

“NGANGINGAKWAZI ngisho nokuphuma endlini encane amahora angu-12,” kusho uBecky. “Ngangiphethwe amajaqamba kabuhlungu. Futhi ngaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kangangokuba kwadingeka ngifakwe amanzi ngemithambo egunjini labembulwa bembeswa. Kwathatha amasonto amabili noma amathathu ngaphambi kokuba ngilulame.”

UBecky wayehlushwa ukugula okubangelwa ubuthi obusekudleni, ukugula okubangelwa ukudla. Njengezisulu eziningi, wasinda. Kodwa ulukhumbula kahle kamhlophe usizi lwakhe. Uthi: “Angikaze ngicabange ukuthi ukugula okubangelwa ubuthi obusekudleni kungaba kubi kangaka.”

Okuhlangenwe nakho okunjengalokhu, noma okubi kakhulu, kwande ngendlela eshaqisayo. Inqwaba yama-bacterium, amagciwane, nama-protozoan isongela ngokufaka ubuthi ekudleni kwethu. Futhi nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zokugula okubangelwa ukudla ziye zancipha emazweni anezimboni eminyakeni yamuva nje, umagazini i-World Health ubika ukuthi “i-salmonellosis nezinye izifo ziye zayehlula yonke imizamo yokuzilawula.”

Ukugula okubangelwa ubuthi obusekudleni kunzima ukukuthungatha ngoba izehlakalo eziningi azibikwa. UDkt. Jane Koehler we-U.S. Centers for Disease Control uthi: “Esikwaziyo ngakho kuncane kakhulu.”

Yini ebangela ukugula okubangelwa ukudla? Kungase kukumangalise ukwazi ukuthi ngokuvamile lenkinga iqala esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ukudla kufike emakethe.

Ukufuya Umqedazwe

Cishe wonke amasu okulima anamuhla abangela ukudluliselwa ngokushesha kwamagciwane ezifo emfuyweni. Ngokwesibonelo, embonini yenyama yenkomo yase-United States, amankonyane asemapulazini angaba ngu-900 000 ahlanganiswa ndawonye emadeleni angaphansi kwayikhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kungenza ukuba igciwane elivela kwelinye ipulazi libangele umqedazwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDkt. Edward L. Menning, umqondisi we-National Association of Federal Veterinarians e-United States, uthi “amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu okudla kwalezi zilwane angcoliswa amagciwane ezifo.” Ngezinye izikhathi ukudla kwezilwane kunongwa ngodoti wasemadeleni ukuze kube namaprotheni engeziwe—umkhuba ongasakaza i-salmonella namanye amagciwane. Lapho izilwane zinikezwa kancane imithi elwa namagciwane ukuze zikhule ngokushesha, amagciwane angamelana nemithi. “Isibonelo esihle i-salmonella, emelana ngokuqhubekayo nemithi elwa namagciwane,” kusho uDkt. Robert V. Tauxe we-Centers for Disease Control. “Sicabanga ukuthi kubangelwa ukuthi izilwane zokudla zinikezwa imithi elwa namagciwane. Lokhu kungase kube isimo esifanayo nangamanye ama-bacterium.”

Idlanzana kuphela lezinkukhu ezisuke zine-salmonella emathunjini azo lapho zithathwa epulazini ziyiswa emadeleni, kodwa isazi se-microbiology uNelson Cox sithi “lokhu kudlondlobala kube amaphesenti angamashumi amabili kuya kwangamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngesikhathi zithuthwa.” Njengoba ziminyene emakhejini amancane, izinkukhu zingathelelana ngamagciwane kalula. Ukubulawa ngokushesha nokuhlinzwa ezimbonini kuyayandisa lengozi. “Ekugcineni lezi zinkukhu zingcola sengathi bezifakwe endlini encane engcolile,” kusho isazi se-microbiology uGerald Kuester. “Kungenzeka ziye zagezwa, kodwa amagciwane asekhona.”

Ngokufanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama eningi ezimbonini kungaba ingozi. “Izindawo zokudla ezimbonini zanamuhla ezikhiqiza ukudla zinkulu kangangokuba iqoqo elilodwa noma amabili okudla okonakele okufikayo angonakalisa amathani amaningi omkhiqizo osuqediwe,” kusho i-Encyclopedia of Common Diseases. Ngokwesibonelo, iqatha elilodwa lenyama yenkomo eyonakele, lingawonakalisa wonke ama-hamburger enziwe ngomshini ofanayo wokugaya inyama. Ngokufanayo, ukudla okuphekwa endaweni eyinhloko bese kuthunyelwa ezitolo nasemathilomu kungase konakale kalula uma kungenakulondolozwa izinga lokushisa elifanele ngesikhathi sokuthutha.

Ukudla okungakanani okufika emakethe okungaba usongo? UDkt. Menning uthi: “Okungenani amaphesenti angu-60 akho konke ukudla okudayisayo.” Kodwa ungathatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekuguleni okubangelwa ukudla, ngoba umagazini i-FDA Consumer uphawula ukuthi “amaphesenti angu-30 alokhu kugula abangelwa ukuphatha kabi ukudla ekhaya.” Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ongazithatha?

Ngaphambi Kokuba Ukuthenge . . .

Funda ilebula. Ziyini izithako? Qaphela uma kusetshenziswe amaqanda aluhlaza, njengakumasaladi noma kuyi-mayonnaise. Ubisi noshizi kufanele kubhalwe ukuthi “pasteurized [kubulewe amagciwane].” Qaphela izixwayiso ezithi “sell by [izinsuku zokuthengiswa]” noma esithi “use by [izinsuku zokusetshenziswa]” kwako. Ungacabangi ukuthi imikhiqizo okuthiwa ingokwemvelo ngokuphelele inesiqinisekiso sokuthi iphephile; ingase ikuchaye ezingozini izithako ezithasiselwe eziklanyelwe ukuzivimbela.

Hlolisisa ukudla nephakethe lako. Uma ukudla kungabukeki kukusha, ungakuthengi. Inhlanzi kufanele ibe namehlo acwebile, izimbobo zokuphefumula ezibomvu, nomzimba ongonakele, oqinile, nenyama yayo kufanele ibe yinhle futhi icwebezele, ingabi nephunga elibi. Izinhlanzi kufanele zibekwe eqhweni noma ebhokisini elisesiqandisini. Izinhlanzi eziphekiwe ezibekwe eduze kwezinhlanzi eziluhlaza zingonakalisa ezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathini nezitsha ezivuzayo, eziqumbile, noma ezilimele ngandlela-thile zingabangela i-botulism—isifo sobuthi esiyivelakancane kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esibulalayo esihlasela isimiso sezinzwa.

Ngaphambi Kokuba Ukudle . . .

Kuphekisise. Lena enye yezindlela eziphambili zokuzivikela esifweni. “Thatha ngokuthi yonke imikhiqizo yezilwane inamagciwane, bese uyisingatha ngendlela efanele,” kululeka uDkt. Cohen. Amaqanda kufanele aphekwe kuze kube yilapho kokubili isithubi nobunwebu sekuqinile, kungabi ujengezi. Njengoba ama-bacterium engakhula ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-4° C. no-60° C., inyama kufanele iphekwe kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ku-71° C., kanti inkukhu kufanele ifinyelele ku-82° C.

Kwenze umkhuba ukupheka ngezinto ezihlanzekile. Zonke izitsha kufanele zihlanzisiswe ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Nakuba abanye bethi izithebe zamapulangwe zingagcina ama-bacterium, okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ziphephe kakhudlwana kunezithebe zepulasitiki.a Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa nhloboni yesithebe kufanele sigezisiswe ngensipho nangamanzi ashisayo. Abanye basikisela nokusebenzisa i-bleach. Geza izandla zakho ngemva kokuthinta inyama eluhlaza, ngoba noma yini oyithintayo ingase yonakale.

Bheka iwashi. Zilethe ekhaya izimpahla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sezokudla uGail A. Levey sithi “akukho okufanele kube ngaphandle kwesiqandisi amahora angaphezu kwamabili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuphekiwe noma kuluhlaza.” Siyanezela: “Uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingama-degree angaphezu kuka-90 [32° C.], nciphisa leso sikhathi sibe ihora.”

Ngaphambi Kokuba Ukugcine . . .

Sebenzisa izitsha ezanele. Thela ukudla okushisayo ezitsheni ezincane ukuze kuphole ngokushesha esiqandisini. Shiya isikhala esanele phakathi kwezitsha ukuze lingenyuki izinga lokubanda kwesiqandisi noma i-freezer. Zonke izitsha kufanele zembozwe ukuze zingadlulisi amagciwane.

Hlola isiqandisi sakho. Izinga lokubanda kwe-freezer akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-18° C. ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa, futhi elesiqandisi kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-4° C. Nakuba inyama yenkomo nenkukhu kungagcineka kuyi-freezer izinyanga eziningi, kungaqala ukonakala esiqandisini ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje. Amaqanda kufanele asetshenziswe phakathi namasonto amathathu. Ukuze angafahlaki futhi ahlale ebanda ngokwanele, kungcono ukuwayeka ebhokisini lawo futhi agcinwe esiqandisini kunokuba agcinwe endaweni yokufaka amaqanda engaphakathi esivalweni sesiqandisi, okungenye yezindawo ezifudumele kakhulu zesiqandisi.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezingenhla, uma ukudla kusoleka, kulahle! Nakuba ngokuvamile ukugula okubangelwa ukudla kufika kudlule ngaphandle kwemiphumela engathi sína, kwezinye izimo—ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, abakhulile, nalabo abanezimiso zokuvikela umzimba ezibuthaka—kungabulala.b

Kwakuseminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule lapho uNkulunkulu etshela uNowa: “Zonke izilwane, izinyoni, nezinhlanzi, . . . ngikunikeza zona zonke ukuba zibe ukudla.” (Genesise 9:2, 3, Today’s English Version) Izikhungo zasemadeleni nemikhiqizo yezimboni kanye nokusakazwa kwemikhiqizo kabanzi kubangela ingozi yokuguliswa ukudla. Ngakho-ke, feza indima yakho njengomthengi. Qaphela lapho uthenga, upheka, nalapho ugcina ukudla kwakho.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]

Lapho Ungadleli Ekhaya

Amapikiniki. Sebenzisa i-cooler evaleka kahle eneqhwa. Yibeke ngaphakathi emotweni yakho kunokuba uyibeke ebhuthini. Epikinikini i-cooler kufanele ibekwe emthunzini isivalo sivalekile. Hlukanisa konke ukudla okuluhlaza kokunye ukudla. Akutuswa ukupheka ukudla ngokwengxenye ekhaya bese uqedela ukukupheka ngokukosa, ngoba ukungakupheki kuvuthwe kubangela ukwanda kwama-bacterium.

Amathilomu okudla. “Gwema amathilomu okudla angabukeki ehlanzekile,” kuxwayisa uDkt. Jonathan Edlow. “Uma indawo yokudlela ibukeka ingcolile, ngokunokwenzeka nekhishi lingcolile.” Phindisela noma yikuphi ukudla “okushisayo” okungashisi noma okungaphekisiswanga. Inyama yenkukhu ebomvana ngisho nakancane akufanele idliwe. Amaqanda athosiwe kufanele athoswe nhlangothi zombili. I-FDA Consumer iyaxwayisa: “Lapho isithubi siwujengezi, kulapho ingozi inkulu ikhona.”

Amathilomu amasaladi. Njengoba ehlanganisa ukudla okufuna amazinga ahlukahlukene okupheka nokugcinwa esiqandisini, amathilomu amasaladi enza lokho umagazini i-Newsweek okubiza ngokuthi “indawo enhle yamagciwane.” Hlola ukuthi lihlanzekile yini ithilomu lamasaladi, futhi uqikelele ukuthi ukudla okufanele kugcinwe kubanda kufakwe eqhweni. Ngisho noma amathilomu amasaladi enakekelwa kahle, amagciwane angadluliselwa kusuka komunye umthengi kuya komunye. Njengoba isazi se-microbiology uMichael Pariza sasho: “Awazi ukuthi ubani ogcine ethinte isixwembe esikha isaladi.”

Imibuthano yokuzijabulisa. UDkt. Edlow usikisela ukuthi lapho niziphakela nina ukudla, ongenise izivakashi kufanele “abeke ingcosana yokudla etafuleni abese ebeka izitsha zokudla ezivela esiqandisini noma emlilweni kunokuba ayeke ukudla kuphole isikhathi eside.” Gcina ukudla okubandayo kungaphansi kuka-4° C. futhi ukudla okushisayo kungaphezu kuka-60° C. Inyama ephekelwe ukusetshenziswa kamuva kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha esiqandisini futhi ihlale lapho kuze kube yilapho isilungele ukuthunyelwa. Ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe, ukudla kungaphinda kufudunyezwe ngokwanele.

[Isithombe ekhasini 20]

Uma kungabukeki kukusha, ungakuthengi

[Isithombe ekhasini 22]

Lihlanzekile yini ikhishi lethilomu lokudla odlela kulo?