Ukulondolozwa Kwemvelo Kuqhathaniswa Nokuqothulwa Kwayo
IYAQHUBEKA impikiswano phakathi kokulondolozwa kwemvelo nokuqothulwa kwayo. Izinhlangano eziningi zosizo zicindezela ohulumeni ukuba bamukele imithetho yokulondolozwa kwemvelo eqine kakhudlwana ukuze kuvikelwe izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini.
Ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu ahlukahlukene asanda kuhlangana nezikhulu zaseChina futhi zavuma ukuwasiza emzamweni wokuqeda ukucushwa kwamabhere amnyama ase-Asia. Lezi zilwane bezibulawelwa inyongo yazo, esetshenziswa emithini yokwelapha yesintu yaseMpumalanga.
Usizo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe
Ukuvikela izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane kwelinye izwe kodwa zizingelwe zize ziphele kwelinye akukuthuthukisi ukulondolozwa kwazo. Ngenxa yalokho, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zabonakala zifike ngesikhathi—futhi ziningi. I-Convention on Biological Diversity, iSivumelwano saseRio, kwaqala ukusebenza ekupheleni kuka-1993, futhi kwalandelwa ngokushesha i-Agreement on the Conservation of Bats eYurophu. I-International Whaling Commission yanezela isiphephelo semikhomo i-Southern Ocean kuyi-Indian Ocean ngomzamo wokuvikela imikhomo emincane nemikhulu. Kodwa mhlawumbe isivumelwano esinamandla kunazo zonke yi-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.—Bheka ibhokisi.
Kuningi umuntu okusadingeka akufunde ngokuhlobana kwezidalwa, esinye kwesinye. Abadobi baseMpumalanga Afrika abaletha i-Nile perch eLake Victoria ukuze bandise ukudla basungula lokho isazi sesayensi yezilwane uColin Tudge esakubiza ngokuthi “inhlekelele enkulu kunazo zonke endaweni ezungezile kuleli khulu leminyaka.” Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zendabuko ezingaba ngu-200 kwezingu-300 zaleli chibi zanyamalala. Nakuba ubufakazi bamuva buthi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi yikhona okwabangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, ohulumeni bamazwe amathathu asemngceleni waleli chibi sebemise inhlangano ezonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olungafakwa kuleli chibi ngaphandle kokusongela izinhlanzi zendabuko.
Ukungenela Komuntu
Enye indlela ebonisa impumelelo isimiso sokuzalanisa izilwane ezivalelwe esenziwa ama-zoo amaningi. “Ukuba wonke ama-zoo omhlaba abekusekela ukuzalanisa izilwane ezivalelwe, nomphakathi uwasekela ngempela ama-zoo, khona-ke bonke bebengalondoloza ndawonye izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla okungase kudingeke zizalaniswe zivalelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.”—I-Last Animals at the Zoo.
I-zoo esesiqhingini esincane saseBrithani iJersey izalanisa izilwane eziyivelakancane ngenjongo yokuziphindisela endle. Ngo-1975, opholi baseSt. Lucia abayikhulu kuphela abasala endaweni yabo yaseCaribbean. Ezingu-7 zalezi zinyoni zathunyelwa eJersey. Ngo-1989 le-zoo yase izalanise abangu-14 abengeziwe futhi yase iphindisele abanye babo eSt. Lucia. Manje kubikwa ukuthi kutholakala abangaphezu kwabangu-300 kuleso siqhingi.
Amasu afanayo aye abonakala esebenza kwezinye izindawo. I-National Geographic ibika ukuthi ama-wolf abomvu angu-17 asele eNyakatho Melika azalana kahle kakhulu uma evalelwe kangangokuba angaphezu kwangu-60 asebuyiselwe endle.
Ingabe Ziphumelela Kakhulu?
Izilwane ezisengozini azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwencwadi ethi Endangered Species—Elephants, phakathi kuka-1979 no-1989, inani lezindlovu e-Afrika lancipha lisuka ku-1300 000 laya ku-609 000—okunye kwalokhu kwakubangelwa ukufuna amazinyo endlovu ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Khona-ke kwanda ukucindezela komphakathi kokuba kuvinjelwe ukuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu. Nokho, kwadlondlobala ukumelana nokuvinjelwa kwamazinyo endlovu. Ngani?
Kokubili eZimbabwe naseNingizimu Afrika, izinkambiso zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zabonakala ziphumelela kangangokuba izindawo zombuso zokulondoloza imvelo neziqiwi zakulezi zindawo zaba nezindlovu eziningi kakhulu. I-New Scientist yabika ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuba kukhishwe izindlovu ezingu-5000 eHwange National Park eZimbabwe. Amaqembu okulondolozwa kwemvelo atusa ukuba ziyiswe kwenye indawo. Izikhulu zamapaki zadayisa izindlovu ezengeziwe futhi zasikisela ukuba amanxusa aseNtshonalanga amelene nokubulawa kwezindlovu “axhase ngezimali ukuze [izindlovu] ziyiswe kwenye indawo.”
Amathemba Angaqinisekile
Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuhluleka. Abaningi bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuhlupheka kwezilwane ezibuyiselwa endle. Ihlosi laseSiberia liphila kahle lapho livalelwe, kodwa endle lidinga ihlathi elingaba amakhilomitha-skwele angu-260, elingenabo abantu abazingela ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Independent on Sunday iphawula ukuthi “uma ubuyisela ihlosi elikhuliselwe e-zoo kulendawo, ngokuqinisekile lingacishe libulawe indlala.” Ithemba elifiphele ngempela!
Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezineqembu elikhethekile labasizi. Futhi akukhona ukuntuleka kwabantu okwandisa lenkinga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abalondolozi bemvelo bazinikele kangakanani, lapho bebhekene nokonakala kwezikhulu, ukuhaha, nokungabi nasithakazelo kanye nempi ngisho nokusongelwa ukufa, yiliphi ithemba lempumelelo abanalo? Khona-ke, liyini ikhambi lezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini? Futhi wena uhileleke kanjani?
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 7]
Isikhali Samazwe Ngamazwe
Isikhali esinamandla sokulwa nokushushumbiswa ngokungemthetho kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini i-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Izikhumba zezingwe, amazinyo endlovu, amathambo amahlosi, izimpondo zikabhejane, nezimfudu zasolwandle kuphakathi kwezinto ezivinjelwe okwamanje. Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa imithi nezinhlanzi ezisengozini.
Nokho, i-Time yaxwayisa: “Ngaphandle kokuba amazwe angamalungu athole indlela yokunamathela kulemithetho, . . . angase athole ukuthi izilwane azama ukuzivikela azisekho.”
[Isithombe ekhasini 8]
Ingabe eminye imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo iye yaphumelela kakhulu?
[Umthombo]
Courtesy of Clive Kihn