Ukubuka Okwezwe

UPapa Uqinisekisa Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Muva nje uPapa John Paul II uye washo okuthile ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu, ebhekisela “ekunqwabelaneni” kokucwaninga okuzimele “njengobufakazi obuphawulekayo obusekela lenkolelo-mbono.” Ngokwe-L’Osservatore Romano, nakuba engayigunyazi ngokugcwele lemfundiso, uJohn Paul II wenanela incwadi kaPapa Pius XII yango-1950 eyayiya kubo bonke ababhishobhi, “eyayibheka imfundiso ‘yokuziphendukela kwemvelo’ njengenkolelo-mbono ebalulekile, okufanele ihlolisiswe.” Ezama ukufaka uNkulunkulu kulendaba, upapa waphendukela emfundisweni kaPlato ethi abantu banomphefumulo ongafi. Ebhekisela futhi encwadini kaPius XII, wathi: “Uma umzimba womuntu uvela kokuthile okwakuphila ngaphambili, khona-ke umphefumulo owumoya wadalwa uNkulunkulu.”

Umshado Uyancipha

“Sibona ukunyamalala komshado njengobuhlobo obubumbene,” kusho uJean Dumas, ophethe ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo zabantu e-Statistics Canada. Ngokwe-Toronto Star, amanani emishado ayancipha eCanada, ikakhulukazi eQuebec. Lombiko uthi ukunqikaza ukuzibopha emshadweni, kwezinye izimo, kubangelwa umbono omubi abantu abanawo ngemishado yabazali babo. Ukwaziswa okwaqoqwa enkathini eyiminyaka engu-25 kwembula ukuthi imibhangqwana engamaphesenti angu-30 eyashada ngo-1969 yayingasahlali ndawonye ngo-1993. Izibalo zibonisa futhi ukuthi imibhangqwana esanda kushada iyehlukanisa. Ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izehlukaniso eCanada ngo-1993 yayihilela imibhangqwana eyayineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ishadile, okuwukwenyuka kusuka engxenyeni yesine ngo-1980. UMarshall Fine, umqondisi wesikhungo sokulondolozwa kwemishado nemikhaya e-University of Guelph, e-Ontario, uyaphawula: “Akubonakali kuwukuphila okulondekile entsheni.”

Izingane Ezingalali

Abanye ochwepheshe bokulala e-Australia nase-United States bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona okuthile okwengeziwe okwenza izingane zithande ukulala ekuseni kune-TV, ukuvukela, noma ubuvila, kubika umagazini i-Asiaweek. Uchwepheshe wokulala wase-Australia uDkt. Chris Seton uthi ukushintsha kwama-hormone nokukhula kungenzeka kuhlobene nokuthambekela ekulaleni kwezingane eziningi. Kusukela ineminyaka engu-9, isidingo sengane sokulala siyakhula. Nokho, ekuhlolweni kwabafundi base-United States abangu-3000 abaneminyaka engu-17 kuya kwengu-19, abangamaphesenti angu-85 babengalali ngokwanele. I-New York Times ibika ukuthi umphumela uba ukuthi abafundi balwa njalo nokozela, ikakhulukazi emakilasini asekuseni. “Sinezingane ezingalali,” kuphawula uProfesa James B. Maas waseCornell University, “kusengathi ziluthiwe.” Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izingane kudingeka zilale okungenani amahora angu-8 nengxenye ebusuku.

Ukudla Kunciphisa Ingozi Yomdlavuza

Ukudla izithelo nemifino okungenani kahlanu ngosuku kunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kapopopo, wesisu nezinye izinhlobo zawo, kubika i-Wall Street Journal. “Ubufakazi obunamandla” balokhu buye bavela ngemva kokuhlola okungaphezu kuka-200 okuqinisekisa izinzuzo okungenani emazweni angu-17. Lezi zilinganiso akudingekile zibe zinkulu. Ngokohlelo lwe-National Cancer Institute yase-United States, izilinganiso ezifanelekayo zihlanganisa: “Ucezu olulodwa lwesithelo, ijusi ecishe igcwale inkomishi, ingxenye eyodwa yenkomishi yemifino eyisaladi, inkomishi eyodwa yohlaza esaladini, noma ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yenkomishi yezithelo ezomisiwe.” LeNhlangano iye yakhuthaza ukudla okunjalo kuleminyaka emihlanu edlule, kodwa okwamanje e-United States, umuntu omdala oyedwa kuphela kwabathathu nengane eyodwa kwezinhlanu abasilandelayo lesi siqondiso. Ukulangazelela ukudla okusheshe kulunge kubonakala kuyisithiyo. I-Wall Street Journal iyaphawula: “Izingcezu zamazambane ezithosiwe ezifakwe isinongo sikatamatisi azilingani nezitsha ezimbili zalokhu kudla.”

Ingabe Ngeke Lishintshe Inani Labantu?

Ngokwe-International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), eVienna, inani labantu abakhona namuhla emhlabeni cishe ngeke liphindeke kabili. I-New Scientist ithi balinganisela ukuthi inani labantu “liyokwanda kwelanamuhla eliyizinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezingu-5,75 liye ezinkulungwaneni eziyizigidi eziyishumi ngo-2050, lifinyelele inani eliphakeme elingaba izinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezingu-11 ngo-2075, lihlale lingashintshi noma linciphe kancane lapho kuya ku-2100.” Ngokwe-IIASA, kunamathuba angamaphesenti angu-64 okuthi inani labantu kulembulunga yethu alisoze liphindeke kabili. Izibalo zabo zibonisa ukuthi inani lezingane eziye zazalwa liye lancipha kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni ngo-1995.

Umsakazo Ongawasebenzisi Amabhetri

Ukuze ibhekane nokuntuleka kukagesi nokungatholakali kwamabhetri ezingxenyeni eziningi zasemaphandleni e-Afrika, ifektri encane ngaseKapa, eNingizimu Afrika, yenza umsakazo ophathekayo onomshini okhipha amandla owayindwayo owakhelwe ngaphakathi. “Wayinda ngamandla isikhashana,” kubika i-New York Times, futhi “lomsakazo udlala isikhathi esiyingxenye yehora.” Nakuba unobukhulu obungangobesikhafuthini nesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu, lomsakazo omusha kubonakala uzophumelela. NgokukaSiyanga Maluma, umphathi womnyango wezokuthengisa walefektri, uma lomsakazo udlalwa amahora amahlanu kuya kwayishumi ngosuku, kuyokongiwa imali yokuthenga amabhetri engu-R2350 kuya ku-R4700 eminyakeni emithathu. Kanye nebhayisikili nesithuthuthu, “umsakazo ungolunye lwezimpawu ezintathu zokuvelela e-Afrika,” kusho uMaluma. Uyagomela: “Ungalenzi iphutha.” Ngokuba nje nomsakazo, “ungathola umfazi.”

Imvula Ebulalayo

Ngokukasosayensi waseSweden uDkt. Adrian Frank, imvula ene-asidi iye yaba nengxenye ngandlela-thile ekufeni kwamaphiva amaningi aseScandinavia. Ukuze kulwiswane nemiphumela yemvula ene-asidi, kuthelwa i-lime emasimini nasemachibini. Nokho, izitshalo ezimila enhlabathini ene-lime zibonisa izinga eliphakeme lezakhi ezithile, ikakhulukazi i-molybdenum. Lapho amaphiva edla i-molybdenum eningi kakhulu, ibangela ukuntuleka kwethusi okubulalayo okulimaza isimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni salezi zilwane. Omunye umphumela wemvula ene-asidi uwukuthi izinhlanzi azisaphili emachibini aseSweden angaphezu kuka-4000 futhi inani lohlobo lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i-trout eNorway lunciphe lwaba ingxenye kunangaphambili. I-Sunday Telegraph yaseLondon iphawula ukuthi nakuba uhulumeni waseBrithani unciphisa ukukhishwa kwesibabule ezikhungweni zawo ukuze ulawule ukonakala kwemvula, imiphumela eyinsalela yemvula ene-asidi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuqeqesha Izindlovu Zase-Afrika

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izindlovu zase-Asia zisetshenziswa njengezilwane zokusebenza. Nokho, izindlovu zase-Afrika zona bekucatshangwa ukuthi azinakuqeqeshwa ngoba zinolaka kakhulu. Kodwa okungenani okunye ukuhlola kuye kwaphumelela. Izindlovu zase-Afrika ziyasetshenziswa esiqiwini sase-Imire eZimbabwe ekulimeni amasimu nasekuthwaleni abaqaphi bamahlathi lapho beya ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela. Indlela yokuziqeqesha esetshenziswayo ibizwa ngokuthi “uthando nomvuzo.” Umlobeli wephephandaba elithile lase-Afrika wabuka indlovu okuthiwa uNyasha ilima insimu, igitshelwe isisebenzi, uMuchemwa. “Kancane kancane,” kuchaza lomlobeli wephephandaba, “yayelula umboko wayo bese uMuchemwa efaka kuwo ucezu lokudla olunamaprotheni amaningi.” Lombiko waqhubeka: “UNyasha nezinye izindlovu eziyisithupha eziqeqeshwe e-Imire ziyosetshenziswa ekulimeni amasimu ngaphambi kokuba kufike izimvula emasimini ezilimo ezinjengommbila, eziyosetshenziselwa ukondla zona kanye nezinye izilwane zakulesi siqiwi.”

Ukudla Okuyizithasiselo Okwenziwa Ngegazi

I-Prothemol, iprotheni eyisithasiselo ehlolwayo, iyasetshenziswa enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yalesi sifunda yokungondleki. Ngokombiko we-Associated Press, lomkhiqizo ngokuyinhloko wenziwa ngegazi lenkomo elitholakala emadeleni, okuthiwa “linomsoco ngisho nangaphezu kwenyama.” Ukuhlola okufanayo kwenziwa eGuatemala, ngo-1990, ngomkhiqizo okuthiwa i-“Harina de Sangre” (ufulawa wegazi). EBrazil uhulumeni wahlela ukuba i-Prothemol yabiwe endlini ngendlu, “inikezwe abantu njengesithasiselo sokudla bese kubhekwa ngeso elibukhali izingane eziyinikeziwe.” Ngaphambili, amadele aseBrazil ayemane alichithe igazi, njengoba kuyala iBhayibheli.—Levitikusi 17:13, 14.

Amabutho Empi Ayizingane

Ngokokucwaninga okuthile okwe-nziwa emazweni angu-26 futhi kwabikwa kuyi-Guardian Weekly yaseManchester, eNgilandi, izingane eziyingxenye yesine yesigidi, ezinye ezineminyaka engu-7 ubudala, zisemabuthweni empi emhlabeni wonke. Lombiko, oyingxenye yokuhlola kweminyaka emibili kweZizwe Ezihlangene, wembula ukuthi lezi zingane nazo zahlukunyezwa, ngokuvamile ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba zibukele ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa kwezihlobo zazo. Ngemva kwalokho, zasetshenziswa njengababulali nezimpimpi. Kwelinye izwe, “izingane eziningi ezingamasosha zaziyalwe ukuba zihlukumeze, zikhubaze noma zibulale izingane noma abantu abadala abazama ukweqa.” Izingane, ngokuvamile ezinikezwa izidakamizwa noma utshwala ngaphambi kokuya empini, ziye zabonakala ziphuthuma empini “njengokungathi azinakufa noma azinakulimala.”