Ukubuka Okwezwe
Izilwane Nezitshalo Ezisengozini
EJalimane, uNgqongqoshe Kahulumeni Wendawo Ezungezile, u-Angela Merkel, ukuveze obala ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngezinga eliphakeme lezilwane nezitshalo ezisengozini kulelozwe. Ememezela ukukhululwa kwencwadi ephathelene nendawo ezungezile, enyatheliswe yilomnyango kahulumeni, uMerkel waveza izibalo ezikhathazayo. I-Süddeutsche Zeitung ibika ukuthi ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwezilwane ezinomhlandla zaseJalimane, “ezingamaphesenti angu-40 kuzo zonke ezincelisayo, ezingamaphesenti angu-75 kwezihuquzelayo, ezingamaphesenti angu-58 kwezihlala emanzini nasezweni, izinhlanzi ezingamaphesenti angu-64, kanye nezinyoni ezingamaphesenti angu-39 ziyizilwane ezisengozini.” Izitshalo zisesimweni esifanayo, njengoba amaphesenti angu-26 azo zonke izinhlobo esengozini. Imizamo yesikhathi esidlule yokunciphisa ingozi emvelweni ayizange yanele. UMerkel wahlongoza ukuba kusungulwe “icebo elisha lokuvikela imvelo.”
Ukuvikela Abantwana Kubathumbi
Abazali baseJalimane bayaqhubeka bekhathazeka ngokulondeka kwabantwana babo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwamuva nje kokuthunjwa kwamantombazane kulelozwe. Ngokwe-Nassauische Neue Presse, uJulius Niebergall, ongudokotela kuyi-German Association for the Protection of Children, wasikisela izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha. Ngokwesibonelo, abazali bangabonisa abantwana babo izindawo ezithile ezisendleleni eya esikoleni—isitolo noma indlu ethile—lapho bengacela khona usizo uma kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo. Abantwana kumelwe bafundiswe nokuba bangakhulumi nabantu abangabazi noma babavumele ukuba babathinte. UNiebergall wagcizelela ukuthi “abantwana kumelwe bafunde ukuthi banelungelo lokwenqaba,” ngisho nakubantu abadala. Ikakhulukazi lapho besongelwa umuntu ongase abathumbe, abantwana kufanele bacele usizo kwabanye abantu abadala. Bangase bafundiswe ukuba bathi: “Ngicela ungisize. Ngiyamesaba lomuntu.”
Abagibeli Abanobudlova
Izinkampani zezindiza zibika ukwanda okushaqisayo kobudlova babagibeli abathukuthele. Becasulwe izinto ezinjengokwephuza kwezindiza nokulahlekelwa impahla, abagibeli “bakhafulela izisebenzi zasezindizeni, bajikijele amathileyi okudla futhi ngezinye izikhathi bashaye izisebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, bahlasela ngisho nabashayeli bezindiza,” kubika i-New York Times. Iziphathimandla zikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuhlasela okunjalo okwenzeka lapho izindiza zisemoyeni, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukuphahlazeka kwendiza. Enye inkampani yezindiza ibika izenzakalo ezingaba yikhulu zokuchashwa ngamazwi noma ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba nyanga zonke. I-Times ithi “abagibeli abanodweshu bangabesilisa nabesifazane, abezinhlanga zonke, ubudala obuhlukahlukene futhi bayinkathazo ngendlela efanayo egumbini labonga imali, abahamba ngezebhizinisi nabagibela egumbini elingcono kunawo wonke. Cishe oyedwa kwabathathu usuke ephuzile.”
Ukucwiywa Kwabesifazane Kuyaqhubeka
Ukucwiywa kwezitho zobulili zabesifazane (FGM [female genital mutilation]) kuseyinkinga emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, ngokwe-Progress of Nations 1996, umbiko waminyaka yonke okhishwa iZizwe Ezihlangene. Nakuba amazwe amaningana eshaye imithetho emelene nalomkhuba ononya, amantombazane angaba izigidi ezimbili ayacwiywa minyaka yonke. Iningi lezisulu lineminyaka ephakathi kwemine nengu-12 ubudala. Lombiko uthi: “Ngaphandle kokwesaba nobuhlungu obuba khona, imiphumela ingahlanganisa ukopha okunganqamuki, ukungenwa izifo, ubunyumba nokufa.” (Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe nge-FGM, bheka i-Phaphama! ka-April 8, 1993, emakhasini 20-3.)
Ukusiza Abanesithuthwane Ngezinja
ENgilandi kuqeqeshwa izinja ukuze zixwayise abanesithuthwane uma sebezokuwa. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi lokhu kuzonikeza ogulayo ithuba elanele lokuzilungiselela. Umphathi wenhlangano esiza abaswele egxile ekuqeqesheni izinja zabantu abakhubazekile uyachaza: “Ngenxa yokuvuza inja ngokukhonkotha lapho isiguli siwa, inja isijwayelene nezimpawu zesiguli ezibonakala ngaphambi nje kokuwa. Ngokwazi ukuthi ukusabela ngalendlela kuletha umvuzo, inja iziphaphamela kakhulu izimpawu ezinjalo.”
Izimo Zengqondo Ezintsha EJapane
I-Daily Yomiuri ibika ukuthi mu-va nje i-Japan Youth Institute ihlole abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme abangu-1000 eJapane. Lokhu kuhlola kwembule ukuthi abafundi abangamaphesenti angu-65,2 abakuboni kukubi ukulova ekilasini. Abangaba amaphesenti angu-80 bazizwa ngendlela efanayo ngokungalaleli othisha, kanti abafundi abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-85 kulaba bavumelana nokungalaleli abazali. Ngokwe-Daily Yomiuri, ukuhlola okufanayo kwabonisa ukuthi amantombazane angamaphesenti angu-25,3 acabanga ukuthi ukudayisa ngemizimba lapho esafunda esikoleni kufanele kube indaba yomuntu siqu.
Imikhuba Yokushayela Eyingozi
● “Izingozi zomgwaqo ezibulala abantu ezingamaphesenti angu-50 eBrazil zibangelwa ukuphuza,” kusho iphephandaba i-Gazeta do Povo, laseCuritiba, eBrazil. Ukushayela uphuzile kubangela “ukufa kwabangaphezu kuka-26 000 minyaka yonke.” Lezi zingozi “zenzeka kakhulu phakathi nohambo olufushane esimweni sezulu esihle.” Nakuba umshayeli odakiwe engase azizwe ezethemba, ikhono lakhe lokusabela ngokushesha liyancipha, kanjalo azifake yena engozini nabanye abasemgwaqweni. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi lapho umuntu ephuze uphuzo oludakayo, kuba nzima, futhi kungenzeki ngisho nokwenzeka, ukusingatha izimo ezingalindelekile. Ngokwaleli phephandaba, ukuphela kophuzo oludakayo egazini kungase kuthathe amahora ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 futhi ikhofi elimnyama noma ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo akunakumsiza umshayeli odakiwe ukuba ashayele ngendlela ephephile.
● Ngokokuhlola okuthile kwaseBrithani, umshayeli ovamile wenza amaphutha angu-50 angathi sína ngesonto. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi sebebonke, abashayeli abangu-300 abahlolwa bavuma ukuthi babebe budedengu okungenani kanye ohambweni olungamaphesenti angu-98 ababeluthathile. Esikhathini esisodwa kwezimbili besohambweni, babebe nemizwa yentukuthelo. Ingozi abashayeli abaningi abazifaka kuyo ukweqisa ijubane, kanti abangaphezu kwengxenye bathi bake bavelelwa ingozi. Ukucwaninga eToronto, eCanada, kubonisa ukuthi abashayeli abasebenzisa izingcingo ezimotweni lapho beshayela basethubeni lokuvelelwa ingozi ngokuphindwe kane. Ithuba lokuba kudaleke ingozi likhulu phakathi nemizuzu eyishumi yokuqala umuntu esocingweni, ngokunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi umshayeli uyaphazamiseka futhi ukusabela kwakhe nakho kuyancipha.
Ukupheka—Ingabe Kuyikhono Elishabalalayo?
Ngokokuhlolwa kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kwemikhuba yokudla esifundazweni sase-Australia iQueensland, ikhono lokupheka lingase lishabalale. I-Courier Mail ibika ukuthi abantu abaningi abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-25 abakwazi ukuziphekela. Umfundisi wezempilo yomphakathi uMargaret Wingett, owasungula lokhu kuhlola, wathi ezikhathini ezidlule intsha—ikakhulukazi amantombazane—yayifundiswa ngonina ukupheka emakhaya noma esikoleni. Kodwa ezinsukwini zanamuhla kubonakala sengathi intsha eningi, kuhlanganise namantombazane, ayikwazi ukupheka futhi ibonakala ingenasithakazelo sokufunda. Abaningi bancamela ukudla osekuphekiwe noma osekulungisiwe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi imikhuba yokudla enjalo ingabangela ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo.
Izakhiwo Ezikhipha Imisebe
Ngokukamagazini i-Asiaweek, “izakhiwo ezingu-105 ezinezindlu ezingu-1249 zingcoliswe” ukukhishwa kwemisebe enyakatho Taiwan. Lokhu kwatholwa isisebenzi senkampani kagesi esasibonisa indodana yaso ukuthi umshini wokuthungatha imisebe usebenza kanjani. Lapho siwusebenzisa ekhishini, sashaqeka lapho inalithi yomshini ima ezingeni eliyingozi. Kwenziwa okunye ukuhlola, okwakuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sokuhlala kanye nezinye zaziyingozi. Ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi lokhu kukhishwa kwemisebe kwakuvela ezinsimbini zokuqinisa izindonga kulezi zakhiwo. Iziphathimandla azivumelani ngokuthi lemisebe yangena kanjani kulezi zinsimbi.
Imishini Yobuchwepheshe Obuphambili Yokunqanda Ubugebengu
I-microdot, eyake yathandwa izinhloli ekuthumeleni imiyalezo eyimfihlo, iyasetshenziswa eBrithani ukuze kunqandwe ubugebengu. Lamachashazi, ngalinye elilingana nongqí, anamakheli endlu angu-60 noma angu-70 futhi asetshenziselwa ukuphawula izimpahla ezingakhanga izigebengu. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi lamachashazi “afakwa enhlakeni enamandla ebhodleleni elinebhulashi, njengebhodlela likapende wezinzipho. Ngalinye linama-microdot angaba ngu-1000 futhi umthengi angaphawula noma apende impahla yakhe ngokubona kwakhe.” Isibegengu sixwayiswa ngelebula egqamile futhi asinakugomela ukuthi siwasuse wonke amachashazi angabonakali. Ngokufanayo, i-chip ye-computer, eyenzelwa ukuphawula abashayeli bezindiza abalimala eMpini YaseVietnam, manje isetshenziselwa ukuphawula imifanekiso, izithombe, noma ifenisha. Njengoba ingangohlamvu lwelayisi, le-chip ayibonakali lapho ifakwe kokuthile futhi inemininingwane enjengomlando, incazelo kanye negama lomnikazi wento, engafundwa ngomshini. I-Times iphawula ukuthi lokhu kwaziswa kungasiza ekutholeni abanikazi bezinto ezitholakala ezandleni zezigebengu.