Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukwanda Kwezinga Lokungafundi Ezweni

“Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha yabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5,9 ezweni ayikwazi ukufunda nokubhala,” kubika i-New York Times. Ngokwe-United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), izinga lokungafundi kulindeleke ukuba lenyuke. Ngani? Ngoba njengamanje izingane ezintathu kwezine emazweni ampofu kakhulu azifundi. Ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga zomnotho ezikhungethe izwe lonke, izimpi zombango ziye zenza ukuba izingane eziningi zingakwazi ukufunda. Izimpi azicekeli phansi izikole nje kuphela kodwa zenza izingane eziningi zibe amasosha esikhundleni sokuba abafundi. Ngempela, ukungafundi kwandisa nezinkinga emphakathini. Umbiko we-UNICEF onesihloko esithi The State of the World’s Children 1999 uthi kunokuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kokungafundi nezinga lokuzala. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye izwe laseNingizimu Melika, “omama abangafundile banesilinganiso sezingane esingu-6,5 kanti omama abanemfundo yasesikoleni esiphakeme banesilinganiso sezingane esingu-2,5,” kusho i-Times.

Ubuhlanya Bokuqala Kweminyaka Eyinkulungwane

I-Nando Times ibika ukuthi “uhulumeni [wakwa-Israel] uye wakhipha imali eyizigidi ezingu-12 zama-dollar [amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-73] ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokugada eNtabeni Yethempeli” ukuze kulwiwe nobudlova obuhambisana nokuqala kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Amaphoyisa akhathazekile ngokuthi amaJuda noma “amaKristu” ashiseka ngokweqile angase azame ukubhidliza amathempeli eNtabeni Yethempeli ukuze akhe kabusha ithempeli lamaJuda. Amanye amahlelo “amaKristu” akholelwa ukuthi loku kuyokwenza ukuba isiphelo sezwe nokubuya kwesibili kukaKristu kusheshe kwenzeke. Ngokwalo mbiko, iNtaba Yethempeli, amaSulumane ayibiza ngokuthi i-al-Haram al-Sharif, “ibhekwa njengendawo edinga ukugadwa kakhulu empini yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi.” Yakhiwe “e-Old City ebiyelwe ngezindonga eJerusalema, eyathunjwa abakwa-Israel besuka eJordani empini yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ka-1967.” Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi “amaKristu” amaningana kakade aseqashe indawo eNtabeni Yeminqumo ukuze alindele ukubuya kukaKristu.

I-aspirin Yezitshalo?

Izitshalo zingase zingabuzwa ubuhlungu njengabantu, kodwa lapho zilinyazwa zikhipha i-asidi i-jasmone. Ezinye zize zikhiphe ngisho nemihwamuko enjenge-jasmine engabangela ukuthinteka kwezinye izitshalo. “Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abacwaningi bazi ukuthi i-aspirin ngandlela-thile ivimbela ukuphuma kwe-asidi i-jasmone ekhishwa izitshalo,” kusho i-Science News. Manje ososayensi base-Arizona State University baye baxazulula ingxenye yale mpicabadala. Le aspirin iqeda amandla e-enzyme eyinhloko ezitshalweni ngenqubo yamakhemikhali efana naleyo eyisebenzisa ekuqedeni amandla e-enzyme ehlukile kubantu. Nokho, ukuhlobana phakathi kokusebenza kwe-aspirin ezitshalweni nakubantu akukacaci namanje, njengoba la ma-enzyme amabili ebonakala engafani nakancane.

“Abathakathi” Bathethelelwa Sebefile?

Ngo-1994 upapa wanxusa iSonto LamaRoma Katolika ukuba ‘lihlole umlando walo wobulungisa.’ Omunye umphumela walokho uwukusungulwa kwekhomishane yamaKatolika eCzech Republic—engeyokuqala ngqá yalolu hlobo—ukuba icabangele ukuthi bathethelelwe yini abathakathi ababalelwa emakhulwini abashiswa bephila. Ngenxa yokuthi isonto layala ukuba kubulawe abathakathi, kwafa inqwaba yezinkulungwane zabantu eYurophu phakathi nekhulu le-12 nele-18, bebulawa ngomlilo noma ngokuhlushwa. Ngemva kokuba uPapa Innocent VIII enyathelisé umyalo omayelana nobuthakathi ngo-1484, bafunwa phansi phezulu abathakathi, futhi kwakusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlukumeza ezingaphezu kuka-30 ukuze kubanjwe labo okwakusolwa ukuthi bayathakatha. Ngisho nezingane ezincane zazingasindi uma kufunwa ubufakazi ngabazali bazo. IJalimane yashisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu labathakathi, kodwa ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kwakwandile naseFrance naseBrithani. Isonto lingase licabange ngokubathethelela ngemva kokuba sebefile, kubika i-Sunday Telegraph yaseLondon.

Ukubohlisa UMfula IYangtze

Uma seliqediwe iDamu iThree Gorges loMfula waseChina iYangtze lizoba isikhungo sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Leli damu lizophakama ngamamitha angu-185, libe lide ngamakhilomitha angu-2,3 futhi lizophehla ugesi ongama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingu-18,2. Nokho, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwakha leli damu akukona ukuphehla ugesi wamanzi. Kodwa siwukunciphisa izikhukhula zoMfula iYangtze. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1994 futhi kulindeleke ukuba liphele ngo-2009. Sekukonke, lesi sakhiwo esikhulu sizodinga ukuba kumbiwe inhlabathi namadwala okungama-cubic meter ayizigidi ezingu-147, kuthelwe ukhonkolo ongaphezu kwama-cubic meter ayizigidi ezingu-25 kufakwe insimbi ecela emathanini ayizigidi ezimbili. “Nokho, umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ukufuna indawo okuzohlala kuyo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1,1 abahlala endaweni okwakhiwa kuyo,” kusho i-China Today.

Isifuba Somoya Siyanda

Umbiko we-World Health Organization ubonisa ukuthi eshumini leminyaka eledlule, kokubili abantu abaphethwe isifuba somoya nabalaliswa ezibhedlela ngenxa yaso baye banda ngamaphesenti angu-40 ezweni lonke. Kungani banda? Amalungu e-American College of Chest Physicians abonisa ukuthi kungenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokufuya izilwane, kuhambisana nezimo zamanje zokuhlala ezindaweni eziminyene, ezingangeni moya. Ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya kungase kuvuswe “ukhwekhwe lwezilwane (olusesikhunjeni, eboyeni nasezimpasheni), nezinhlayiyana zothuli, isikhutha, intuthu kagwayi, impova, izinto ezingcolisayo ezizungezile namaphunga anamandla,” kusho i-Toronto Star. Nokho, into esibangela kakhulu uboya bekati. Leli phephandaba lathi isifuba somoya sisikhathaza kakhulu ngoba sibangela ukufa okuningi obekungavinjelwa. Njengamanje babalelwa ezigidini ezingu-1,5 abaphethwe isifuba somoya eCanada futhi cishe abangu-500 bayafa unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Umonakalo Oyingqopha-mlando Wesimo Sezulu

Ezinyangeni ezingu-11 zokuqala zika-1998, kwenzeka umonakalo oyizigidi ezingu-541 600 zamaRandi emhlabeni wonke owabangelwa izinhlekelele ezihambisana nesimo sezulu. Lo monakalo “wawuwudlula kude umonakalo oyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-55 zama-dollar [izigidi ezingu-334 700 zamaRandi] owenzeka phakathi neshumi leminyaka lawo-1980,” kusho umbiko we-Associated Press. Lo mbiko uthi: “Ngisho noma ulinganiswa ngokwehla kwamandla emali, umonakalo wawo-1980 ongaba izigidi ezingu-82 700 zama-dollar [izigidi ezingu-503 200 zamaRandi], ungaphansi kakhulu kowezinyanga ezingu-11 zokuqala” zika-1998. Ngaphezu kokucekela phansi izimpahla, izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo njengesivunguvungu, izikhukhula, umlilo nesomiso kwabulala abantu abalinganiselwa kwabangu-32 000. USeth Dunn, we-Worldwatch Institute uthi: “Umuntu uyaqhubeka eba nesandla ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo.” Kanjani? NgokukaDunn, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwanezela kule nkinga ngokuphundla izwe izihlahla nezindawo ezinomswakama, ezisebenza ‘njengesiponji semvelo.’

Imikhaya Ecindezelekile

Ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwabantu baseCanada kuthole ukuthi imikhaya namuhla inomuzwa wokuthi icindezeleke kakhulu ngokwezimali nangokomzwelo kunemikhaya yangemva kwempi eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule. Iphephandaba i-National Post libala isehlukaniso nokuwohloka kwemikhaya njengokuphezulu ohlwini lwezinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka. Uma kubalwa kwehliwa, ezinye izimbangela eziyinhloko zokucindezeleka komkhaya “abazali abasebenza kanzima futhi abasebenza amahora amaningi, izimo zomsebenzi ezingaqinisekile, intela emba eqolo nokungawazisi umzamo abazali abawenzayo ekukhuliseni abantwana babo.” Labo abahlolwa bathi izinga laloku kucindezeleka liphakeme nakakhulu emikhayeni enomzali oyedwa.

Ukubutha Izinguzunga Zamaqhwa

“Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu baseNewfoundland bazi ukuthi amanzi ezinguzunga zamaqhwa ahlanzeké kakhulu,” kusho i-Financial Times yaseLondon, futhi manje lo “mthombo ongapheli ontanta udlule ogwini lwakule ndawo” usuyabuthwa. Ngemva kokusonga iqhwa elintantayo ngenethi, uma amanzi ephakama isikebhe silidonsela ogwini. Sihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, isikebhe sijika ngokushesha uma sesizofika ogwini, sidedele inetha bese sikhiphela iqhwa ogwini. Lapho amanzi esebohla, iqhwa lisala phansi. Ujibha omkhulu ube usuqhephula leli qhwa ulenze amageqele amancane maqede ulilayishe esikebheni sokuthutha “lapho lifahlazwa khona, lincibilikiswe bese lisefwa ngaphambi kokudluliswa ekukhanyeni oku-ultraviolet” ukuze lihlanzwe.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwabesifazane

“EBrazil, abesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-63 alabo abahlaselwa ngokomzimba bahlaselwa ekhaya, futhi kubikwa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yako,” kusho iphephandaba i-Globo. Leli phephandaba liyanezela: “Abesifazane abampofu yibona ababhekene kakhulu nobudlova basekhaya, futhi yibona abavame ukubika emaphoyiseni. Abesifazane abamé kahle abaveli ezibalweni.” Amanye amazwe abika izibalo ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokokuhlola okwanyatheliswa i-U.S. Justice Department, “bangaphezu kwesigamu abesifazane base-United State abaye bahlaselwa ngokomzimba ngesikhathi esithile ekuphileni kwabo, futhi cishe oyedwa kwabahlanu uye wadlwengulwa noma waba isisulu sokuzama ukudlwengula,” kusho umthombo wezindaba i-Reuters. Unobhala we-Health and Human Services yase-United States uDonna Shalala uthi: “Inombolo ngayinye kuloku kuhlola imelela amadodakazi ethu, omama bethu nomakhelwane bethu.”