Ukubuka Okwezwe

Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Eziyishumi Ezingumshayabhuqe

Emhlabeni wonke, izifo ezithathelwanayo zibulala izigidi zabantu minyaka yonke. Ngokukamagazini i-Natural History, izifo ezithathelwanayo ezilandelayo kwakuyizona eziyingozi kakhulu ngo-1997. Izifo ezivala imigudu yokuphefumula, njenge-pneumonia, zazihamba phambili ngokubulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3,7. Esesibili kwakuyisifo sofuba, esabulala abayizigidi ezingu-2,9. Isithathu kwaba ikholera nezinye izifo zohudo ezabulala abayizigidi ezingu-2,5. Ingculaza yabulala abayizigidi ezingu-2,3. Umalaleveva wabulala abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-1,5 nezingu-2,7. Isimungumungwane sabulala abangu-960 000. Isifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo B sabulala abangu-605 000. Umpenge lwabulala abangu-410-000. Abanye abangu-275 000 babulawa umhlathi-ngqi. Kanti udenga/imfiva yodenga ebangela ukopha yabulala abangu-140 000. Naphezu kwemizamo yabantu eqotho, izifo ezithathelwanayo zesikhathi esidlule zisasongela impilo yabantu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba namuhla.

Ukusetshenziswa Kabi Kotshwala EVenezuela

I-Universal iphephandaba laseCaracas ibika ukuthi abantu baseVenezuela baphuza utshwala kakhulu umuntu ngamunye kunakunoma yiliphi elinye izwe laseLatin America. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye eVenezuela uphuza amalitha angu-60 kuya kwangu-70 otshwala ngonyaka. UMnyango Wezempilo ulinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 abo bonke abantu ababulawayo nabazibulalayo edolobheni laseCaracas kungenxa yotshwala. Nokho, ucwaningo olwenziwa yiCentral University of Venezuela, iCenter for Peace neJudicial Police, lubonisa ukuthi ukubulawa ngesihluku kwabantu abangu-9 kwabayishumi kuleyo ndawo kuhilela utshwala. Ukuze kunqandwe ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, kuye kwasungulwa izingqungquthela zokufundisa abafundi indlela yokumelana nokucindezelwa ontanga ukuba baphuze nendlela yokuzama ezinye izinto eziphephile kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhulumisana okuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

Amanzi Asengozini

I-Science News ibika ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, izixhobo zama-coral ziqothulwa yizimila, amanxeba, izifo nezinye izinsongo. Isazi sezinto zasolwandle uJames Cervino siphawula ukuthi kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, kuye kwaqubuka okungenani izifo ezintsha ezingu-15 ezibulala ama-coral. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezisongelwayo zihlanganisa utshani basolwandle, izimbaza, izimfudu zasolwandle nama-manatee. “Amaphesenti angu-95 e-biosphere—indawo lapho kunezinto eziphilayo khona—akhiwa ulwandle,” kusho isazi sezinto zasolwandle uSylvia Earle. “Uma izilwandle zisengozini, nathi sisengozini. Izilwandle zisengozini.”

Ukufunda Nje Okungatheni

Akubona bonke abantu abanamashalofu anezincwadi abakuthandayo ukufunda. Ngokwesibonelo, umnini-sitolo uChris Mattheus, uyavuma: “Ngiyathanda ukugcwalisa amashalofu ami ngezincwadi, kodwa angivamile ukuzifunda.” Manje uMattheus usenekhambi elilula lale nkinga. Iphephandaba i-Weser-Kurier libika ukuthi yena nozakwabo, bavule isitolo sokuqala sezincwadi-mbumbulu eJalimane. Kuthengiswa “izincwadi ezinezihloko-mbumbulu” ezingaba ngu-2 800, ezihlanganisa izihloko zobuciko, ifilosofi nesayensi. Lezi zincwadi-mbumbulu zinemiklamo ehlukahlukene, kusukela ezincwadini ezinesembozo sekhadibhodi esivamile kuya ezincwadini ezibizayo ezenziwe ngokhuni lwe-teak olusezingeni eliphakeme. Izincwadi-mbumbulu zobuciko, ezivame ukumba eqolo, zibiza imali engu-R60 kuya ku-R90 nje kuphela. UMattheus uthi: “Inani lentengo lixhomeke ekutheni incwadi inkulu kangakanani, hhayi kulokho ekuqukethe.”

Imidlalo Yama-video Eyakhayo

Uma ukhuluma “ngemidlalo yama-video” abantu abaningi bacabanga ngemidlalo egcwele ubudlova. Nokho, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi “imidlalo efanele ingaqeqesha izingane ezinesifo sikashukela nesifuba somoya ukuba zilawule ukugula kwazo,” kubika i-Technology Review. IStanford University Medical Center yenza ucwaningo ngezingane ezingaba ngu-60 ezinesifo sikashukela ezineminyaka esukela kwengu-8 kuya kwengu-16. Ingxenye yalezi zingane yadlala umdlalo ovamile we-video. Enye ingxenye yadlala umdlalo i-Packy & Marlon, umdlalo wezindlovu ezimbili ezisiza abadlali ukuba bakhethe ukudla okufanele bakudle, bahlole izinga likashukela egazini futhi basebenzise imijovo ye-insulin ngendlela efanele. I-Technology Review ithi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, izingane ezazidlala umdlalo wezindlovu “zanciphisa iziwombe zokuphuthunyiswa kwazo kudokotela noma esibhedlela ngamaphesenti angu-77” kunezingane ezazidlala umdlalo ovamile. Kuye kwaklanywa imidlalo efanayo yama-video ukuze isize izingane zilawule isifuba somoya futhi zigweme ukubhema.

Ingculaza Idlangile

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, isikhathi okulindeleke ukuba abantu basiphile lapho bezalwa siye sancipha ngeminyaka engaba yisithupha futhi kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke sincipha. Kungani kunalolu shintsho? Ngoba kula mazwe “umqedazwe wengculaza udlangile,” kubika i-UNESCO Courier. Okwamanje, abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi kule ndawo bane-HIV, igciwane elibangela ingculaza. Amazwe athinteke kakhulu iBotswana, iMalawi, iMozambique, iNamibia, iNingizimu Afrika, iZambia neZimbabwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-New York Times ibika ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene zithi “kungcwatshwa abantu abangu-5 500 nsuku zonke ababulawe yingculaza e-Afrika.”

Ikhathekizimu—Liyinhlekelele

Encwadini yamuva ayibhalele isifunda sakhe, umbhishobhi omkhulu waseSiena, uGaetano Bonicelli, uphawule ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuhlanganyela ezifundweni zekhathekizimu, intsha eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala “ayiwazi umehluko phakathi kukaZiqu-zintathu noMadonna.” I-Corriere della Sera yaseMilan, e-Italy, ibika ukuthi ukuntula ulwazi okunjalo ngezimfundiso zamaKatolika kuveza lokho omunye umfundisi omkhulu, uKhadinal’ uRatzinger, akubiza ngokuthi “inhlekelele yekhathekizimu lamanje.” Umbhishobhi omkhulu uBonicelli utusa ukuba kubuyelwe ekushumayeleni ivangeli. “Lokhu kuthunywa, ukushumayela ivangeli, kuwukuphela kwendlela isonto elingayisebenzisa enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka.”

Ingabe Ukuziphatha Kuyasimama?

Umagazini i-China Today ubika ukuthi ucwaningo lwamuva nje eChina lubonise ukuthi “nakuba abantu abadala eChina bebubekezelela ubuhlobo bobulili ngaphandle komshado, intsha eningi isamelene nokuziphatha okunjalo.” Le miphumela yayisekelwe kuyinhlolo-vo yabantu abangaba ngu-8 000. Lolu cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi “intsha eyizingxenye ezintathu kwezinhlanu yavuma ukuthi abantu abachitha imishado yabanye ngokuba nomakhwapheni kufanele bajeziswe ngokuhlawuliswa noma ngenye indlela, kuyilapho abantu abangamaphesenti angu-70 abaneminyaka engu-37 kuya kwengu-45 babecabanga ukuthi umuntu akufanele ajeziselwe izenzo ezinjalo.”

Ukugqoka Izingubo Zokuphola Esontweni

I-Associated Press ibika ukuthi e-United States, abantu abaningi ngokwandayo bagqoka izingubo zokuphola lapho beya esontweni. Abanye abefundisi bakuthola kuphazamisa ukubona abantu abeze esontweni begqoke izikhindi, obhogadi noma ezinye izingubo zokuphola. Izikhulu zesonto zixakekile—azifuni ukuxosha amalungu amasha noma zibakhiphe inyumbazana abakhulekeli abavamile abangafuni ukugqoka kahle. Ngokocwaningo oluthile, “amaMelika angaba amaphesenti angu-30 athanda izinkonzo zesonto ezingenamithetho neziqhutshwa ngendlela yesimanje,” kuyilapho angamaphesenti angu-21,5 ekhetha izinkonzo zesonto eziqhutshwa ngendlela yakudala.

Ukukhulelwa Kwentsha Kuyamukelwa

“Imbangela eyinhloko yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani lomama abangashadile ukuthi umphakathi uyakwamukela lokho,” kusho i-News yaseMexico City. “Kubonakala sengathi umphakathi wenza konke okusemandleni ukususa ihlazo lentsha ekhulelwe ingashadile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungase ukhuthaze lokhu kuziphatha.” Ingabe lokhu kwanda kunganqandwa? Lesi sihloko sithi: “Uma izingosi zezindaba zikwazi ukuveza ukuthi umuntu obhemayo akahlakaniphile kodwa uyazibulala, uma ukudla kwaseMelika kukwazi ukushintsha kube ukudla okwakhayo kungabi namafutha, khona-ke imibono yentsha ingashintshwa ukuze ukuba nabantwana lapho isafunda esikoleni esiphakeme kubonakale kuwubuwula nokuzilimaza.”

Ukubhala Izenzo Zomusa Eshadini

“Abantwana baba nobugovu kuze kube yilapho sebeneminyaka emine ubudala, lapho beqala khona ukuhlakulela ikhono lokuba nozwela,” kusho umbiko ocashunwe kuyi-Toronto Star. Ukuze abantwana basizwe bakhathalele abanye, kusikiselwa ukuba baqeqeshwe ekhaya ngezenzo zomusa. Mhlawumbe amalungu omkhaya angabhala eshadini okungenani izenzo ezimbili zomusa azenze ngokuzithandela usuku ngalunye. Abazali ababona izenzo zomusa kubantwana babo bangazibhala kuleli shadi. Izikole eziningi zisebenzisa amashadi anjalo ngoba zizama ukunqanda ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinye izingane. Abafundi bacelwa ukuba babhale izenzo zomusa abazibona kwezinye izingane. Ngokwalo mbiko, “lokhu kusiza izingane ziqaphele isidingo sokuba nozwela, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ukuze umuntu afunde ukuba nalo futhi alubonise.”