Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukuntuleka Kwabazali Abanolwazi

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwaseCanada olwaluhlola amakhono abazali lwembula ukuthi “[abazali] abaningi abanalo ngisho nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi izingane zikhula kanjani nokuthi abazali bangasiza kanjani kuleyo nqubo,” kusho i-National Post. Phakathi “kobaba, omama nomama abangabodwa [abangaphezu kuka-1 600] abahlolwa abanezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyisithupha,” abangamaphesenti angu-92 bavuma ukuthi ukuba umzali kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu abangayenza. Nokho, “bangaphansi kwengxenye ababazi kahle ukuthi bangalithuthukisa izinga lokuhlakanipha kwezingane zabo ngokuzifundela, ngokudlala nazo, ngokuzithinta noma ngokuzigona.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangaba amaphesenti angu-30 “bakholelwa ukuthi bonke abantwana bazalwa benezinga elithile lokuhlakanipha, elingenakukhuliswa noma lincishiswe yindlela abazali abasebenzelana ngayo nabo.” I-Post ithi le miphumela iyakhathaza, ngoba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi “iminyaka yokuqala emihlanu yokuphila komntwana ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lakhe lokufunda, lokwenza izinto, lokuthanda abanye, lokwethemba abanye nelokuzihlonipha.”

ISweden Izohlukanisa Isonto Nohulumeni

ISonto LaseSweden lithi lizohlukana noHulumeni kusukela ngo-January 1, 2000. Lesi sinyathelo sizoqeda ubuhlobo phakathi kwalo nohulumeni waseSweden obebulokhu bukhona kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Ingosi ye-Internet yaleli sonto ithi: “Kuze kube ngo-January 1996 izingane bezivele zibe amalungu eSonto LaseSweden lapho zizalwa, uma omunye wabazali eyilungu. Kwakungadingeki ukuba zibhapathizwe.” Lolu shintsho lwagunyazwa uhulumeni waseSweden ngo-1995 ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amane yokubonisana nesigungu sesonto. Cishe amaphesenti angu-88 abantu baseSweden angamalungu eSonto LaseSweden.

Ubudlova Obenziwa Kuma-computer

“Wenzenjani uma i-PC [i-computer] yakho ingafuni ukwenza lokho okufunayo?” kubuza umagazini wama-computer wesiJalimane i-PC Welt. “Uyayishaya? Noma uvele uyitshinge ngefasitela?” Ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela kuvamile. Ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke lwabaphathi abangu-150 bezinkampani zezokwaziswa lubonisa ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-83 babika ukuthi basabela ngentukuthelo enkulu noma babe nobudlova kuma-computer. Abantu abakhungatheka ngenxa yokunensa komshini noma i-mouse evele iyeke ukusebenza ngezinye izikhathi bashaya umshini, izinkinobho, bajikijele i-mouse odongeni, noma bakhahlele ngisho ne-computer. Nakuba isibhongo sikhishelwa kuyi-computer, ngokuvamile umuntu oyisebenzisayo osuke ebangele inkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, esinye isisebenzi sathukutheliswa yisimiso se-E-mail ngoba singavumi ukuthumela iposi. Kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi esikhundleni sokufaka ikheli le-E-mail, wayebhale ikheli lomgwaqo.

Khipha Unyawo

Lapho ulungiselela ingxoxo yokufuna umsebenzi, kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi “abantu abagqoka kahle bamukelwa kahle,” kusho iphephandaba i-Toronto Star. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokho umuntu akubona kuqala kuhlala isikhathi eside engqondweni. Ngakho-ke, lo mbiko uthi “isigijimi abasitholayo labo abaphethe amabhizinisi yilesi: Uma ungayinaki indlela obukeka ngayo, kusho ukuthi uyidlabha.” Ochwepheshe bathi umuntu ococekile nobonakala ehlanzekile unikeza abaqashi bakhe noma amakhasimende isiqinisekiso sokuthi bangalindela umsebenzi omuhle. Izingcweti zokubukeka nazo zigcizelela ukuthi “ukuma uqonde nokuba nomdlandla kunikeza isiqinisekiso zisuka nje. Iphimbo lakho nendlela okhuluma ngayo kwenza umehluko.”

Abaphangi Basolwandle Banamuhla

I-International Herald Tribune ibika ukuthi “ukuphanga olwandle kuwuhlupho olukhulu emikhunjini namuhla.” Ukuhlaselwa abaphangi olwandle kuyanda, ikakhulukazi ezilwandle zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, ngenxa yokuncipha kwamaphoyisa asolwandle kuleyo ndawo. Lezi zilwandle, lapho kudlula khona imizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni, zibavulela ithuba lokuthola impango ebizayo abaphangi, okucatshangwa ukuthi bazinze eziqhingini eziningi ezisakazeke kule ndawo. Abaphangi abahlomile basebenzisa izikebhe ezisheshayo ebusuku ukuze baphange imikhumbi yonke ingcebo yayo. Izikhulu zithi abaphangi basolwandle, okunzima ukubabamba olwandle, banganqandwa uma belandelelwa ezweni kuphela, lapho bethengisa khona izinto abazebayo.

Izimayini Zegolide ZaseGibithe

Kuthiwa izimayini zegolide zaseGibithe zakhiqiza amathani angu-1 500 egolide ezikhathini zasendulo. Nakuba sekudlule iminyaka engu-2 000 kusukela kwambiwa igolide eliningi lapho, izazi zokuma komhlaba zicabanga ukuthi kusenegolide eliningi elisasele kule ndawo. USami El-Raghy, umphathi wenkampani emba igolide e-Australia, uthi: “Singathanda ukuvuselela inkazimulo yoFaro futhi sizophinde sizivule izimayini ezazikhona eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-6 000 edlule.” Uhulumeni waseGibithe unikeze le nkampani imvume yokuhlola indawo yoGwadule LwaseMpumalanga engasoLwandle Olubomvu, lapho kwaziwa khona ukuthi kunezimayini ezingu-16 ezazisetshenziswa oFaro. Nokho, ibalazwe elineminyaka engu-2 900 ubudala elatholwa eLuxor (eThebes yasendulo) ngo-1820 libonisa ukuthi kunezinye izimayini ezingu-104 ezingaziwa kule ndawo, ezimbozwe isihlabathi sogwadule. Ngokwe-Wall Street Journal, kucatshangwa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zesimanje, ezinye zalezi zimayini zingaba izimayini ezinhle zegolide futhi.

Izigidi Eziyizinkulungwane Eziyisithupha Futhi Inani Liyanda

I-United Nations Population Fund ilinganisela ukuthi inani labantu emhlabeni lafinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ngo-October 12, 1999. Kuthathe iminyaka nje engu-12 ukuba inani labantu emhlabeni linyuke lisuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu liye kweziyisithupha, kusho uCarl Haub we-Population Reference Bureau. Ngokombiko wale nhlangano, “inani labantu emhlabeni lenyuka ngezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,4 ekhulwini lama-20,” kuyilapho ekhulwini le-19, “leli nani lenyuka ngezigidi ezingaba ngu-600 kuphela.” Ukwanda kwesikhathi okulindeleke ukuba abantu basiphile kuyisizathu esiyinhloko esenze ukuba inani labantu emhlabeni lenyuke ekhulwini lama-20. UHaub uthi: “Namuhla, cishe ukwanda okungamaphesenti angu-98 kwenani labantu emhlabeni kwenzeka emazweni angakathuthuki.”

Amazinga Okushisa Ayingqopha-mlando

Umbiko wezindaba we-Worldwatch Institute uthi “ngo-1998, isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa eMhlabeni saqopha umlando.” Amazinga okushisa aphakeme emkhathini abangela umhwamuko omkhulu nemvula eningi, ebangela iziphepho ezibhubhisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Worldwatch ithi “umonakalo obangelwe yisimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke wafinyelela ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-92 [amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-565] ngo-1998, okwakuwukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-53 kunenani langaphambili lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60 [amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-368] ngo-1996.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphepho nezikhukhula eziyingqopha-mlando zaxosha abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-300 emakhaya abo ngo-1998. Ososayensi abaqiniseki ukuthi u-1998 wayeyingqayizivele yini noma lesi simo esibhubhisayo sisazoqhubeka. Nokho, lo mbiko wathi: “Imishini yokuhlola isimo sezulu ibonisa ukuthi izenzakalo zango-1998 kungenzeka ziyisandulela sesikhathi esizayo.”

Ukutshalwa Kwamahlathi Okuphuthumayo

Umagazini i-New Scientist ubika ukuthi indawo ethile ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon eyayonakaliswe ukumba iye yaguqulwa ihlathi elenile phakathi neminyaka emibili. Ososayensi base-Embrapa, isikhungo sikahulumeni sokucwaninga ngezolimo eBrazil, basungula indlela yokufaka ama-bacterium andisa i-nitrogen embewini yezihlahla. Lapho sezitshaliwe, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Le nqubo yaphumelela e-Oriximiná, isifundazwe sasenyakatho sasePará, lapho ukumbiwa kwe-bauxite kwakubangele ukugawulwa okukhulu kwamahlathi. Lo magazini uphawula ukuthi abacwaningi basebenzisa le nqubo entsha ogwini lweBrazil olusempumalanga, lapho sekusele khona amaphesenti ayisithupha kuphela ehlathi elalikhona ekuqaleni.

Ukubaluleka Kukamama

Uma ubungahlanganisa iholo layo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa umama phakathi nonyaka, imisebenzi yakhe ibingaba yimalini? Ngokombiko we-Washington Post, ubeyothola imali engu-R3 123 400 ngonyaka! Leli nani lisekelwe ekuhlolweni kwesilinganiso samaholo emisebenzi eyenziwa omama ngokuvamile. Nansi eminye yemisebenzi engu-17 ehlanganiswe kulo mbiko, kanye nesilinganiso seholo layo ngonyaka: Ukuba umzanyana, R79 800; umshayeli webhasi, R196 400; isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, R178 000; umnakekeli wezilwane ezifuyiwe, R104 300; umhlengikazi, R214 900; umpheki oyingcweti, R245 600; nokuba umabhalane, R116 600. NgokukaRic Edelman, usihlalo wenkampani yezezimali eyenza lolu cwaningo, la manani awahlanganisi izindleko ezinjengokunakekela inhlalakahle nezinye izinzuzo zomhlalaphansi.