Sebeyaluvuma Ubandlululo Olungokwenkolo
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eBrithani
“ABABHISHOBHI Bayazisola ‘Ngezenzo Ezimbi Zobugebengu’ ZeNdlovukazi UMary,” kusho isihloko esikhulu se-Catholic Herald yaseBrithani ka-December 11, 1998. Ababhishobhi bamaRoma Katolika baseNgilandi naseWales bayavuma ukuthi “kwenziwa izinto ezimbi egameni lenkolo yamaKatolika, ngokwesibonelo kumaProthestani ngesikhathi seNguquko eGreat Britain.” Yayingubani iNdlovukazi uMary? Yenza bubi buni obaholela ekuvumeni icala okunjalo? Futhi kungani ababhishobhi baseNgilandi naseWales bakhetha lesi sikhathi ukuba bakhulume ngale ndaba?
UMary Tudor wazalelwa eNgilandi eyayibuswa amaRoma Katolika ngo-1516. Ewukuphela kwengane eyayisaphila kaCatherine wase-Aragon, inkosikazi yokuqala yeNkosi uHenry VIII, uMary, wakhuliswa unina njengomKatolika ozinikele. Uyise wayefuna indodana eyindlalifa, kodwa uCatherine akayitholanga. Njengoba upapa enqaba ukuchitha umshado wakhe noCatherine, uHenry wazibambela le ndaba mathupha, kanjalo elungiselela iNguquko YamaProthestani eNgilandi. Ngo-1533 washada no-Anne Boleyn, ezinyangeni ezine ngaphambi kokuba uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury, uThomas Cranmer, amemezele ukuthi umshado kaHenry wokuqala wawusuphelile.
Ngonyaka owalandela uHenry odelelayo wabuqeda bonke ubuhlobo neSonto LamaRoma futhi waba umholi weSonto LaseSheshi. UMary, manje owayesebhekwa njengevezandlebe, akaphindanga wambona unina, njengoba uCatherine aphoqeleka ukuba achithe iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ehlukanisiwe nomphakathi.
Ukubandlulula KwamaProthestani
Eminyakeni engu-13 eyalandela, labo ababenqaba ukwamukela uHenry njengomholi wesonto noma ababesazithoba egunyeni likapapa babulawa. UHenry wafa ngo-1547 futhi walandelwa u-Edward owayeneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, owukuphela kwendodana ayithola, kumkakhe wesithathu kwabayisithupha. U-Edward nabeluleki bakhe bazama ukuguqulela abantu baseNgilandi enkolweni yamaProthestani. AmaRoma Katolika ayeshushiswa ngenxa yokuqhuba inkolo yawo, futhi amasonto aphangwa izithombe nama-altare.
Ngokushesha ukwenqabela ukunyatheliswa nokufundwa kweBhayibheli ngesiNgisi kwaqedwa, futhi izinkonzo zesonto ezihlanganisa ukufundwa kweBhayibheli kwakufanele ziqhutshwe ngesiNgisi hhayi ngesiLatini. Kodwa ngo-1553, u-Edward wabulawa isifo sofuba eneminyaka engu-15 kuphela. UMary wabhekwa njengofanelekayo ukuthatha isikhundla sakhe futhi waba indlovukazi yaseNgilandi.
Ukubandlulula KwamaKatolika
Ekuqaleni, abantu bamemukela uMary owayeneminyaka engu-37 ubudala, kodwa ngokushesha walahlekelwa idumela. Abantu ayebabusa base bejwayelene nobuProthestani, kodwa manje uMary wayezimisele ukwenza izwe lilandele ubuRoma Katolika futhi. Esikhathini nje esifushane, yonke imithetho yenkolo ka-Edward yasuswa. UMary wacela upapa ukuba athethelele isizwe. ElaseNgilandi laphinde labuswa yinkolo yamaRoma Katolika.
Ukubuyisana neSonto LamaRoma kwabangela igagasi elisha lokushushiswa kwamaProthestani. Ayefaniswa nethumba okwakufanele lisuswe ngaphambi kokuba lidlulele emzimbeni wonke. Abaningi ababenqaba ukwamukela izimfundiso zeSonto LamaRoma Katolika babeshiswa bephila esigxotsheni.
Ukujeziswa Kwezihlubuki
UJohn Rogers wayengowokuqala kubantu ababulawa phakathi nokubusa kukaMary. Wayehlanganise lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iBhayibheli likaMatthew, elaba isisekelo se-King James Version. Ngemva kokushumayela ngokumelene namaRoma Katolika exwayisa “ngobuPapa obubulalayo, ukukhonza izithombe nokukholelwa ezeni,” wagqunywa ejele unyaka wonke, kwathi ngo-February 1555 wabulawa ngokushiswa ngoba eyisihlubuki.
UJohn Hooper, umbhishobhi waseGloucester naseWorcester, naye wayebizwa ngesihlubuki. Wamemezela ukuthi kwakusemthethweni ukuba abefundisi bashade nokuthi ukwahlukanisa ngenxa yokuphinga kwakuvumelekile. Futhi wakuphika ukuthi uKristu wayekhona ngokoqobo eMiseni. UHooper washiswa ephila, ukufa kwakhe okubuhlungu kwathatha cishe izingxenye ezintathu zehora. Lapho umshumayeli oneminyaka engu-70 ubudala uHugh Latimer esezoshiswa, wakhuthaza uNicholas Ridley, uMshoshozeli weziNguquko naye owayeyisisulu sokushiswa esigxotsheni, ngamazwi athi: “Duduzeka, Mnumzan’ uRidley, futhi wenze njengendoda. Ngomusa kaNkulunkulu, kulolu suku sizokhanyisa isibani eNgilandi, enginethemba lokuthi ngeke sicishwe.”
UThomas Cranmer, uMbhishobhi wokuqala Omkhulu WamaProthestani eCanterbury ngaphansi kukaHenry no-Edward, naye walahlwa njengesihlubuki. Nakuba alahla izinkolelo zakhe zobuProthestani, ngomzuzu wokugcina washaya ingwijikhwebu obala, waphika upapa embiza ngesitha sikaKristu, futhi welulela isandla sakhe sokudla emlilweni ukuze sishe kuqala, ngoba sasinecala lokusayina amazwi okuhoxa.
Nakuba okungenani amaProthestani acebile angu-800 abalekela kwamanye amazwe ukuze aphephe, esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu nezinyanga ezingu-9 ezalandela kwaze kwaba sekufeni kukaMary, okungenani abantu abangu-277 bashiswa esigxotsheni eNgilandi. Iningi lezisulu kwakungabantu abavamile ababedideke ngokuphelele ngalokho okwakumelwe bakukholelwe. Intsha yayikhule izwa kugxekwa upapa kodwa manje yayisijeziswa ngokukhuluma kabi ngaye. Abanye base bekwazi ukuzifundela iBhayibheli futhi sebenemibono yabo ngenkolo.
Ukufa okubuhlungu okuthatha isikhathi eside, kwabesilisa, abesifazane nezingane ababeshiswa esigxotsheni kwethusa abaningi. Isazi-mlando uCarolly Erickson sichaza okwakwenzeka: “Ngokuvamile izinkuni zokubasa zaziluhlaza cwé, noma izinti zokokhela umlilo zimanzi té, zingavuthi ngokushesha. Amasaka omsizi wesibhamu ayeboshelwa ezisulwini ngenjongo yokuba zisheshe zife ayengokheleki, noma zingafi kodwa zisale zigogekile.” Izisulu zazingaboshwa umlomo, ngakho “ukudazuluka nemikhuleko yazo ngokuvamile kwakuzwakala kuze kube semzuzwini wokufa.”
Inani elandayo labantu laqala ukuyingabaza inkolo eyayishisa abantu esigxotsheni ukuze ifake ngempoqo izimfundiso zayo. Ukwanda kwabantu ababezwelana nezisulu kwaholela abaqambi bezingoma ukuba babhale izingoma ngabafel’ ukholo abangamaProthestani. UJohn Foxe waqala ukubhala incwadi yakhe ethi Book of Martyrs, eyayizoba nethonya elikhulu njengeBhayibheli kumaProthestani alwela iziNguquko. Iningi labantu ababengamaRoma Katolika lapho uMary eqala ukubusa lagcina selingamaProthestani ngesikhathi kuphela ukubusa kwakhe.
Ifa LikaMary
Ngemva kokugcotshwa njengendlovukazi, uMary wathi wayezoshada nomzala wakhe uPhilip, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi yaseSpain. Wayeyinkosi yakwelinye izwe futhi engumRoma Katolika oshisekayo, okuyinto amaNgisi amaningi ayengayithandi. Ukuvukela kwamaProthestani okwakuhlelelwe ukuphikisa lo mshado kwehluleka, futhi amavukela-mbuso ayikhulu abulawa. UPhilip noMary bashada ngo-July 25, 1554, nakuba uPhilip engazange agcotshwe njengenkosi. Nokho, ukungabatholi abantwana kwamenza wacindezeleka uMary, owayefuna indlalifa engumRoma Katolika.
Impilo kaMary yaba buthaka, futhi ngemva kokubusa okufushane kweminyaka emihlanu, wafa eneminyaka engu-42 ubudala. Wafa elusizi. Umyeni wakhe wayesekhathele nguye, futhi abantu ayebabusa babemzonda. Lapho zizwa ukuthi wayeseshonile, izindimbane zabantu baseLondon zenza amadili emigwaqweni. Kunokuba avuselele ubuRoma Katolika, wayeqhubekisele phambili injongo yamaProthestani ngobushiqela bakhe. Ifa lakhe libonakala ngegama aziwa ngalo elithi: UMary Ogcwele Igazi.
Unembeza Odukile
Kungani uMary ayala ukuba abantu abaningi kangaka babulawe ngokushiswa? Wayefundiswe ukuthi izihlubuki zingabakhapheli bakaNkulunkulu, futhi wayekubheka njengomsebenzi wakhe ukuqeda ithonya lazo ngaphambi kokuba lisabalalele esizweni sonke. Wenza ngokuvumelana nonembeza wakhe kodwa wawashaya indiva amalungelo abanye ababenonembeza owawubatshela okuhlukile.
Kodwa, amaProthestani nawo ayenobandlululo olufanayo. Ngaphansi kokubusa kukaHenry no-Edward, abantu babeshiswa ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo. U-Elizabeth I, owayengumProthestani owalandela uMary, wenza ukuba ukuqhuba inkolo yamaRoma Katolika kube icala lobumbuka, futhi phakathi nokubusa kwakhe kwabulawa amaRoma Katolika angamaNgisi angaphezu kuka-180. Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyalandela, amakhulu abantu afa ngenxa yemibono yawo engokwenkolo.
Kungani Bexolisa Manje?
Ngo-December 10, 1998, kwagujwa iminyaka engu-50 ye-Universal Declaration of Human Rights yeZizwe Ezihlangene. ISiphakamiso 18 sigcizelela “ilungelo lenkululeko yokucabanga, kanembeza neyenkolo,” kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokushintsha komuntu inkolo yakhe kanye nokufundisa ngayo nokuyiqhuba. Ababhishobhi abangamaRoma Katolika baseNgilandi naseWales bakhetha umkhosi weminyaka engu-50 “njengesenzakalo esifanele sokuba amaKatolika azihlole unembeza kulezi zindaba” futhi avume “izenzo ezimbi” ezenziwa ikakhulukazi esikhathini sikaMary Tudor.
Nakuba manje bezisola ngezenzo zokubandlulula ngokwenkolo ezenziwa cishe eminyakeni engu-450 edlule, ingabe kukhona ngempela osekushintshile? Abantu abasashiswa esigxotsheni, kodwa abaningi abazibiza ngokuthi bangamaKristu bayaqhubeka bedlwengula futhi bebulala abezinye izinkolo. Ubandlululo olunjalo alumjabulisi uNkulunkulu. Empeleni, uJesu Kristu, obubonakalisa ngokuphelele ubuntu bukaNkulunkulu, wamemezela: “Bonke bayokwazi ngalokhu ukuthi ningabafundi bami, uma ninothando phakathi kwenu.”—Johane 13:35.
[Isithombe ekhasini 12]
INdlovukazi uMary
[Umthombo]
From the book Short History of the English People
[Isithombe ekhasini 13]
ULatimer noRidley bashiswa esigxotsheni
[Umthombo]
From the book Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
[Isithombe ekhasini 13]
UCranmer uqinisekisa ukuthi isandla sakhe sokudla sisha kuqala
[Umthombo]
From the book The History of England (Vol. 1)
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 12]
Border: 200 Decorative Title-Pages/Alexander Nesbitt/Dover Publications, Inc.