Ukuyenga KobuSanteria

Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eMexico

SEKUYIMINYAKA ubuSanteria buyinkolo evelele eCuba. Nokho, lolu hlobo lokukhulekela luye lwangeniswa kancane kancane kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, enye yezimakethe ezinkulu ezansi nedolobha iMexico City inezitolo ezidayisa izinto zobuSanteria njengeziphambano, amakhandlela, izigqizo nezintelezi. Eziningi zalezi zitolo zaziwa ngokuthi ama-botanica, futhi ziyatholakala kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu eMelika. ENew York City, ama-botanica akhangiswa kahle encwadini yezinombolo zocingo, athatha indawo enkulu yamakhasi aphuzi kunezinye izitolo zenkolo.

Abantu abaningi bakhangwa ukuthi ubuSanteria buyimfihlakalo nokuthi abuvamile. Izici zobuSanteria ziyatholakala komunye umculo nezincwadi zesiLatini ezithandwayo. UbuSanteria sebuya buba obezwe futhi buba yisiko esikhundleni sokuba yinkolo, futhi buye basakazwa umculo namasiko abaNsundu baseCaribbean.

Imisuka E-Afrika Yasendulo

UbuSanteria bunezici namasiko ayinhloko enkolo yase-Afrika yasendulo eyayiqhutshwa ngamaYoruba eNigeria. Lapho amaYoruba eyiswa eziqhingini zaseCaribbean njengezigqila phakathi kuka-1770 no-1840, ahamba nenkolo yawo. Ngesikhathi sebeseNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe, laba bantu abaNsundu ababeyizigqila baphoqelelwa ukuba bamukele ubuKatolika, kodwa benqaba ukuwayeka ngokuphelele amasiko abo. Ngakho baqamba uhlobo olusha lokukhulekela olunemikhuba ethathwe kuzo zombili izinkolo. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-syncretism.

Zizama ukukhulekela ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zazo zakuqala, izigqila zanikeza osanta bamaKatolika izinto zokukhulekela ezihamba ngambili, ngayinye ihambelana nonkulunkulu wase-Afrika onezimfanelo namandla athile. Ngakho-ke, onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi base-Afrika, ababizwa ngokuthi o-orisha, baba namagama nesimo sosanta bamaKatolika. Nokho, imikhuba, amasiko nezinkolelo kwasala kufana nalokho okwakusetshenziswa e-Afrika. Umpristi wobuSanteria eCuba uyachaza: “I-syncretism isivumela ukuba sikhulekele unkulunkulu wamaKatolika e-altare, kodwa lokho esikubonayo unkulunkulu wase-Afrika ocashe ngemva kwakhe.”

Izinkolo ezinjenge-voodoo, i-Obeah ne-macumba nazo zinezici zemidanti yokukhulekela kwamaRoma Katolika, amasakramente nezinto ezingcwele ezihlangene nemikhuba yase-Afrika yokusebenzelana nemimoya. Ngenxa yokuthi kusukela ekuqaleni iSonto LamaKatolika eLatin America lalizenqabela izinkolo zase-Afrika, ubuSanteria kwadingeka buqhutshwe ngasese isikhathi eside. Ekugcineni iSonto LamaKatolika layivumela le syncretism phakathi kwezigqila.

Izimpawu ZobuSanteria

Ungayibona kanjani le nkolo? AmaSantero, njengoba abantu abasonta eSanterio bebizwa kanjalo manje, akhulekela umuntu oyedwa ophakeme kanye neqembu lonkulunkulu, noma o-orisha, abakha iqembu lonkulunkulu bamaYoruba. Intando yo-orisha ihunyushwa abapristi bobuSanteria ngokubhula. Kuthiwa ngezinye izikhathi o-orisha bangena kubakhulekeli ukuze basho isiyalo sabo. Abalandeli banganxusa ko-orisha ngemikhuleko, umculo, ukuziphatha kahle nemihlatshelo. Ama-altare afeza indima ebalulekile ekukhulekeleni, ama-santero awabeka emakhaya awo abese ebeka izimbali, utshwala, ikhekhe nogwayi phezu kwawo ukuze agcine onkulunkulu bejabule futhi bewusizo.

ULizette Alvarez wachaza esihlokweni se-New York Times ngefilosofi yobuSanteria: “Le nkolo igcizelela ukuphila kwamanje kunokuphila kwangemva kokufa, futhi igxila emandleni emvelo. Unkulunkulu ngamunye umelela isici esithile semvelo, njengokuduma kwezulu nezimfanelo zomuntu njengamandla.” Abapristi bobuSanteria basiza abantu ukuba baxazulule izinkinga zabo zansuku zonke ngokuxhumana no-orisha. Laba akubona abapristi bamaKatolika, futhi imikhuba yabo evamile yobuSanteria yenzelwa emakhaya hhayi emathempelini.

Abantu abadinga ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nangokwezimali badonseleka ngokukhethekile enkolweni yobuSanteria ngoba inikeza umuzwa wokuba yingxenye yomphakathi kanye nomndeni. Abantu abakhangwa kakhulu ubuSanteria yilabo abaswele kanye nezifiki ezithuthela emazweni anobuSanteria. Abalandeli baba ngaphansi komphakathi othile one-santero lesilisa noma lesifazane elikhonza njengomzali ongunkulunkulu, umeluleki nompristi womphakathi. Amalungu amasha ethulwa ngabapristi emkhosini ohlanganisa umculo, umdanso nemihlatshelo yezilwane. Izilwane zihlatshelwa nokugubha izinsuku zokuzalwa, zemishado nezokufa. Izinkukhu, izimbuzi, amadada, amajuba namahobhe asendle aphakathi kwezilwane ezisetshenziswayo.

Umculo WobuSanteria

Umculo ufeza indima ebalulekile njengesici esivamile sokukhulekela enkolweni yobuSanteria. Umculo usetshenziswa phakathi nama-bembé, noma imikhosi lapho kushaywa khona izigubhu ukuze kunxuswe onkulunkulu. Kuculwa ngesigqi esithile ukuze kunxuswe unkulunkulu othile. Umsindo uba phezulu kangangokuthi isigqi esiqhubekayo sezigubhu zingazwakala kude kakhulu.

Izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo njengezigubhu nama-xylophone, noma ama-marimba, kuye kwaba izinsimbi zaleli hlelo eNtshonalanga Afrika emakhulwini eminyaka. Lokho kwakuyiyona nto ebalulekile kulo lapho izigqila ziza nalo eMelika. EBrazil, ingaphandle lezigubhu ezingcwele lenziwa ngezikhumba zezilwane okwenziwe ngazo imihlatshelo eyinkambiso, futhi izinto zomculo ezintsha ziyabhapathizwa njengesiko, ngokuvamile ngamanzi “angcwele” avela eSontweni LamaKatolika. Ezinye izigubhu zimelela unkulunkulu othile, njengasesikweni labaNsundu baseCaribbean eHaiti.

Akukhona okungavamile ukuthola ama-compact disc omculo wobuSanteria emakethe, okushiwo kahle ukuthi angcwele. Izigubhu ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko lezigqi, futhi amanye amaculo anezihloko empeleni ezingamagama onkulunkulu bobuSanteria noma amasiko ale nkolo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zigqi ziye zangena nakomunye umculo wesiLatini. Amagama obuSanteria aye afakwa komunye umculo.

Lokho IBhayibheli Elikushoyo

UbuSanteria buhlobene eduze nemimoya, uhlobo lokukhulekela olulahlwa iBhayibheli. (Levitikusi 19:31) IZwi likaNkulunkulu libala “umkhuba wokusebenzisa imimoya” phakathi ‘kwemisebenzi yenyama,’ evimba umuntu ukuba azuze uMbuso kaNkulunkulu njengefa. (Galathiya 5:19-21) ImiBhalo iyala labo abafuna ukwamukelwa uNkulunkulu ukuba ‘babalekele ukukhonza izithombe’ futhi ‘bakhulekele uBaba ngomoya nangeqiniso.’—1 Korinte 10:14; Johane 4:23, 24.

AmaKristu kufanele aqaphele iqiniso lokuthi imikhuba nomculo wobuSanteria sekuvamé kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa nezinye izici zamasiko aseLatin America sekuxubene nezici zobuSanteria. Lokhu sekuthandwa kakhulu futhi yonke indawo kubhekwa njengokungenangozi. Noma kunjalo, amaKristu enza kahle ukugwema noma yini engqubuzana ngokuqondile nezimiso zeBhayibheli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithandwa kangakanani noma ibonakala ingenangozi kangakanani.—2 Korinte 6:14-18.

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 25]

AMAGAMA ASETSHENZISWA ENKOLWENI YOBUSANTERIA

UBabalú-aye: Unkulunkulu wokuphulukisa okhulekelwa “njengoSanta” uLazaro.

UChangó: Unkulunkulu womlilo, wokuduma kwezulu nombani kanye nomvikeli wezikhali, okhulekelwa “njengoSanta” uBarbara enkolweni yamaKatolika.

I-Ifa Corpus: Isimiso semithetho esichazwa ngezimpawu ezingu-256 ezimelela isiko lobuSanteria.

I-Ikole orun: “Izulu” yilapho bonke abantu beya khona lapho befa. Nokho, abantu ababi baphila esihogweni emhlabeni futhi bahlupheke e-ikole orun.

U-Obatalá: Unkulunkulu owadala ukuphila komuntu namandla engqondo ekususela othulini lomhlaba.

U-Ochún: Unkulunkulukazi wemifula, wothando, womshado, wemali, wenjabulo nowokuchuma ophindaphinda izinto njengo-Virgen de la Caridad, usanta weCuba.

U-Oggún: Unkulunkulu wabavukuzi nezisebenzi, okhulekelwa “njengoSanta” uPetru.

U-Oloddumare: Umuntu ophakeme, owadala indawo yonke.

U-Orumila: Unkulunkulu onquma ikusasa lomuntu.

UYemayá, noma uXemayá: Unkulunkulukazi wezilwandle nowenzalo, ofaniswa neNcasakazi uMariya, noma u-Virgen de Regla eCuba.

[Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Izinto zobuSanteria zikhangiswe kuma-“botanica”