Umsuka Wenzondo
INZONDO yaqala ekuqaleni komlando womuntu. Ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kuGenesise 4:8 kuthi: “Kwathi besendle, uKayini wasukela umfowabo u-Abela, wambulala.” “Futhi wambulala ngenxa yani?” kubuza umlobi weBhayibheli uJohane. “Ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yakhe siqu yayimibi, kodwa eyomfowabo yayilungile.” (1 Johane 3:12) U-Abela waba isisulu senye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zenzondo: umona. “Isikhwele sendoda singukufutheka,” kusho izAga 6:34. Namuhla, umona ngenxa yesikhundla emphakathini, ingcebo, izimali nokunye uyaqhubeka uqhatha abantu.
Ukungazi Nokwesaba
Kodwa umona umane nje ungenye yezimbangela eziningi zenzondo. Ngokuvamile, inzondo ibhebhezelwa ukungazi nokwesaba. “Ngaphambi kokuba ngifunde ukuzonda abanye, ngafunda ukubesaba,” kusho osemusha oyilungu leqembu elinobandlululo nobudlova. Ukwesaba okunjalo ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukungazi. Ngokwe-World Book Encyclopedia, abantu abanobandlululo bathambekele ekubeni nemibono “engenabo ubufakazi. . . . Abantu abanobandlululo bavame ukusonta, bahlanekezele, babeke kabi noma bangawanaki amaqiniso aphikisana nemibono abayicabange kusengaphambili.”
Ivelaphi le mibono? Ingosi ethile ye-Internet ithi: “Izenzakalo zomlando yizo ezibangela imibono eminingi engaguquki, kodwa umlando wethu siqu yiwo obangela ubandlululo oluningi.”
Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, ukuhweba ngezigqila kuye kwashiya izingxabano phakathi kwabaningi abamhlophe nabaNsundu—izingxabano ezisaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ngokuvamile, abazali yibona abadlulisela imibono emibi ngohlanga oluthile ezinganeni zabo. Omunye omhlophe ozishoyo ukuthi unobandlululo wavuma ukuthi wayengalufuni uhlanga “lwabantu abamnyama yize noma ayengakaze ahlangane nabo.”
Bese kuba khona labo abakholelwa nje ukuthi abantu abahlukile abayilutho. Lo mbono ungase usekelwe esenzakalweni esisodwa vó esingesihle sokungqubuzana nomuntu wolunye uhlanga noma wesinye isizwe. Ukusuka lapho, bavele baphethe ngokuthi wonke umuntu walolo hlanga noma waleso sizwe unalezo zici ezingathandeki.
Nakuba ubandlululo lulubi kumuntu oyedwa, uma luhlasela isizwe sonke noma uhlanga lonke, lungaba olubulalayo. Inkolelo yokuthi ubuzwe, ibala lesikhumba, isiko noma ulimi lomuntu kumenza aphakame kunabanye ingenza umuntu abe nobandlululo futhi azonde abantu bezinye izinhlanga. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ubandlululo olunjalo lwaluvame ukubonakaliswa ngobudlova.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, inzondo nokubandlulula akuhlobene nebala lesikhumba noma ubuzwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umcwaningi uClark McCauley wase-University of Pennsylvania ubhala ukuthi “ukuhlukaniswa ngokungadingekile kwabantu babe amaqembu amabili, ngisho nangokuphonsa phezulu uhlamvu lwemali, kwanele ukuba kwenze umuntu athande iqembu elithile.” Lapho enza ucwaningo oludumile, omunye uthisha webanga lokuqala wabonisa lokhu lapho ehlukanisa ikilasi lakhe liba amaqembu amabili—izingane ezinamehlo aluhlaza nezinamehlo ansundu. Ngesikhashana nje, kwakheka ubutha phakathi kwala maqembu amabili. Ngisho nokuhlanganiswa yizinto ezincane njengokuthanda iqembu elilodwa lezemidlalo kungabangela izingxabano ezivuthayo.
Kungani Kunobudlova Obungaka?
Kodwa kungani ubutha obunjalo buvame ukubonakaliswa ngezindlela ezinobudlova? Abacwaningi baye bamba bajula ezindabeni ezinjalo futhi kuze kube manje akukho abaphume nakho ngaphandle kwemibono nje. UClark McCauley waqoqa uhlelo lwezincwadi zocwaningo olwalwenziwe mayelana nobudlova nolaka lwabantu. Ucaphuna umbiko obonisa ukuthi “ubugebengu obunobudlova buhambisana nokulwa nokunqoba ezimpini.” Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi “emazweni áhlanganyela eMpini Yezwe I neyesi-II, ikakhulukazi emazweni anqoba kulezi zimpi, izinga lokubulawa kwabantu lenyuka ngemva kokuba impi isiphelile.” NgokweBhayibheli, siphila enkathini yezimpi. (Mathewu 24:6) Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izimpi ezinjalo ngandlela-thile ziye zaba nengxenye ekwandiseni ezinye izinhlobo zobudlova?
Abanye abacwaningi bafuna incazelo engokwesayensi yolaka lomuntu. Olunye ucwaningo lwazama ukuhlobanisa ulaka oluthile “namazinga aphansi e-serotonin ebuchosheni.” Enye incazelo evamile esikiselwayo ukuthi ulaka lusezakhini zethu zofuzo. “Kungenzeka ingxenye enkulu [yenzondo] isofuzweni,” kusho omunye usosayensi wezombangazwe.
IBhayibheli ngokwalo lithi abantu abangaphelele bazalwa benezici ezimbi nobuthakathaka. (Genesise 6:5; Duteronomi 32:5) Yiqiniso, lawo mazwi asebenza kubo bonke abantu. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu abazonda abanye ngokungenangqondo. Lokho kuyafundwa. Ngakho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile uGordon W. Allport, saphawula ukuthi ezinsaneni “abukho ubufakazi bonya. . . . Umntwana uthambekele kokuhle, wamukela cishe zonke izinhlobo zamandla ashukumisayo, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabantu.” Imiphumela enjalo ibonisa ukuthi ulaka, ubandlululo nenzondo ngokuyinhloko kuyimikhuba efundwayo! Abagqugquzeli benzondo basizakala ngaleli khono abantu ababonakala benalo lokufunda inzondo.
Ukungcolisa Izingqondo
Phambili kukhona abaholi bamaqembu enzondo ahlukahlukene, njengezigilamkhuba zanamuhla ezisekela ubuNazi neKu Klux Klan. La maqembu avame ukufuna intsha engothathekile evela emikhayeni enezinkinga. Intsha engalondeki nezizwa ingelutho ingase ibe nomuzwa wokuthi amaqembu enzondo ayinikeza umuzwa wokuba ngaphansi kothile.
I-Internet iyithuluzi elinamandla ngokukhethekile abanye abaye balisebenzisela ukugqugquzela inzondo. Ngokwezibalo zamuva, kungase kube nezingosi ezingaba ngu-1 000 ezigqugquzela inzondo kuyi-Internet. Umagazini i-Economist ucaphuna umnikazi wenye ingosi egqugquzela inzondo eqhosha ethi: “I-Internet isinikeze ithuba lokuba senze umbono wethu waziwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu.” Ingosi yakhe ye-Internet ihlanganisa “Ingosi Yezingane.”
Lapho intsha ifuna umculo kuyi-Internet, ingase izithele ezingosini zomculo wenzondo. Ngokuvamile umculo onjalo uyaklabalasa futhi unobudlova, nezosha ezinemiyalezo enamandla yobuhlanga. Lezi zingosi zona zikuxhumanisa namaqembu ezindaba, izingosi zengevu noma ezinye izingosi ze-Internet ezithuthukisa inzondo.
Ezinye izingosi zenzondo zinezingxenye ezithile ezinemidlalo nezinto intsha engase izenze. Enye ingosi yobuNazi banamuhla izama ukusebenzisa iBhayibheli ukuze ithethelele ubuzwe nokubandlululwa kwamaJuda. Leli qembu selivule nengosi enemibuzo ephicayo enezinkulumo zobandlululo. Iyini injongo yayo? “Ukusiza amalungu asemasha abamhlophe ukuba aqonde umzabalazo wethu.”
Kodwa akubona bonke abagqugquzeli benzondo abangabashisekeli abayinqaba. Lapho sikhuluma ngezikhulu nabantu abathonya umphakathi abanedumela elihle, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esabhala ngezimpi zamuva zaseBalkans sathi: “Ngashaqeka ukubabona bamukela indlela evusa izifiso ezimbi kwabanye abantu, egqugquzela inzondo yabo yolaka, efiphaza ukwahlulela kwabo ngokubakhuthaza ukuba bangazikhathazi nganoma yikuphi ukuziphatha . . . nemelela kabi okuyiqiniso.”
Akufanele ishalazelwe indima yabefundisi kulokhu. Encwadini yakhe ethi Holy Hatred: Religious Conflicts of the ‘90’s, umlobi uJames A. Haught usho la mazwi ashaqisayo: “Indida enkulu yeminyaka yawo-1990 ukuthi inkolo—okucatshangwa ukuthi iwumthombo womusa nokukhathalela kobuntu—iye yaba ngungqá phambili ekubangeleni inzondo, impi nobuphekula.”
Ngakho kuyabonakala ukuthi izimbangela zenzondo ziningi futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba isintu siyeke ukuphinda izenzo zobuwula zomlando waso ogcwele inzondo? Ingabe kukhona okungenziwa ngumuntu ngamunye nembulunga yonke ukuze kulwiwe nokungaqondani, ukungazi nokwesaba okukhiqiza inzondo?
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]
Ubandlululo nenzondo kuyimikhuba efundwayo!
[Isithombe ekhasini 4, 5]
Asizalwa. . .
. . . sinemizwa yenzondo nobandlululo
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
Amaqembu enzondo asebenzisa i-Internet ukuze ahehe intsha
[Isithombe ekhasini 7]
Ngokuvamile inkolo iye yabhebhethekisa izingxabano
[Umthombo]
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