Ukubona Izimpawu

“Ukudumala kuwumzwelo ongokwemvelo, onempilo; ukucindezeleka kuyisifo. Inselele isekuqondeni nasekuboneni umahluko.”—UDkt. David G. Fassler.

NJENGEZINYE izifo eziningi, ukucindezeleka kunezimpawu ezicacile. Kodwa akulula ukuzibona lezi zimpawu. Ngani? Ngenxa yokuthi yonke intsha iyadumala ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba kunjalo nangabantu abadala. Uyini umahluko phakathi kokudumala okuvamile nokucindezeleka? Okuningi kuxhomeke ekujuleni komzwelo nasekutheni leso simo sithatha isikhathi eside kangakanani.

Ukujula komzwelo kuhilela izinga imizwa engemihle emkhathaza ngalo osemusha. Njengoba kungaphezu nje kokuphelelwa yithemba okwesikhashana, ukucindezeleka kuwukugula ngokomzwelo okujulile okuthiya ikhono losemusha lokuphila ngendlela evamile. UDkt. Andrew Slaby uchaza ukujula kwalesi simo ngale ndlela: “Ake ucabange ngobuhlungu obukhulu kunabo bonke owake wabuzwa—ukuphuka kwethambo, ukunkenketha kwezinyo, noma ubuhlungu bokubeletha—kuphinde kayishumi bese ususa imbangela yabo; khona-ke ungalinganisela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kubuhlungu kangakanani.”

Ubude besikhathi bubhekisela esikhathini esithathwa yilokho kucobeka. Oprofesa bezifo uLeon Cytryn noDonald H. McKnew, Jr., bathi “ingane engabonisi zimpawu zokududuzeka noma zokubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile phakathi nesonto ngemva kokuphatheka kabi (nganoma yisiphi isizathu)—noma phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha yehlelwe yilokho ecabanga ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okukhulu—isengozini yokuba nesifo sokucindezeleka.”

Izimpawu Ezivamile

Ukucindezeleka kubonakala lapho osemusha enezimpawu eziningana nsuku zonke, ingxenye enkulu yosuku, enkathini engamasonto okungenani amabili. Ukuphatheka kabi nje kwesikhashana kuthiwa ukudumala. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka okungenani unyaka wonke, zingakhawuki isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili, khona-ke umuntu unokucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona. Kunoma yisiphi kulezi zimo, yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zokucindezeleka?a

Ukushintsha ngokungazelelwe komzwelo nokuziphatha. Osemusha owayethobekile ngokungazelelwe usentamo lukhuni. Intsha ecindezelekile ivame ukuvukela ngisho nokweqa ekhaya.

Ukuzihlukanisa kwabanye. Osemusha ocindezelekile uzihlukanisa nabangane. Noma abangane bangase bazihlukanise nosemusha ocindezelekile, bebona ushintsho olungathandeki ekucabangeni nasezenzweni zakhe.

Ukuncipha kwesithakazelo cishe kuyo yonke into. Osemusha akafuni kwenza lutho. Ukuzilibazisa obekubhekwa njengokuthakazelisayo muva nje sekuyisidina.

Ukushintsha okuphawulekayo emikhubeni yokudla. Ochwepheshe abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi ukugula okunjengokuzincisha ukudla, ukudla bese ubuyisa kanye nokudla ngokweqile kuhambisana (futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangelwa) ukucindezeleka.

Izinkinga zokulala. Osemusha akalali ngokwanele noma ulala ngokweqile. Abanye baba nemikhuba yokulala edidayo, baqwashe ubusuku bonke bese belala imini yonke.

Ukwehla kwamamaki esikoleni. Osemusha ocindezelekile uxabana nothisha kanye nontanga yakhe, bese amamaki eqala ukwehla. Ngokushesha osemusha akabe esakuthanda nhlobo ukuya esikoleni.

Izenzo eziyingozi noma zokuzilimaza. Ukuziphatha okuyingozi kungase kubonise ukuthi osemusha akanasithakazelo ekuphileni. Ukuzilimaza (njengokuzisika isikhumba) nakho kungase kube uphawu.

Ukuzinyeza noma umuzwa wecala ongadingekile. Osemusha uzigxeka ngokweqile, abe nomuzwa wokuthi uyisehluleki, ngisho nalapho amaqiniso ebonisa okuphambene.

Izinkinga ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzimba. Uma ingatholakali imbangela esemzimbeni, ukuphathwa ikhanda, iqolo, isisu nezinkinga ezinjalo kungase kubonise ukucindezeleka okufihlekile.

Imicabango ebeleselayo yokufa noma ukuzibulala. Ukukhuluma njalo ngezindaba ezinyantisa igazi kungase kubonise ukucindezeleka. Kunjalo nangokusongela ngokuthi umuntu uzozibulala.—Bheka ibhokisi ngezansi.

Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okuguquguqukayo

Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingase zitholakale kwesinye isifo esixakile—ukucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo. NgokukaDkt. Barbara D. Ingersoll noSam Goldstein, ukucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo (okwaziwa nangokuthi i-manic-depressive disorder) “isimo esiphawuleka ngokucindezeleka okubuye kuthi ukunqamuka bese umuntu eba nokwesasa noma nomdlandla omkhulu—eqinisweni, omkhulu ngendlela engaphezu kwenjabulo evamile.”

Lesi simo sokwesasa kuthiwa i-mania. Izimpawu zayo zingase zihlanganise imicabango engahlelekile, ukukhulumela futhi nokungabi nabuthongo. Eqinisweni, kungase kuphele izinsuku ogulayo engalali kodwa engaphelelwa amandla. Olunye uphawu lokucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo ukuziphatha okuyingozi kakhulu ngaphandle kokunaka imiphumela. “I-mania ivame ukuthinta ingqondo, ukuhluzeka nokuziphatha emphakathini ngendlela ebangela izinkinga ezinkulu namahloni,” kusho umbiko we-U.S. National Institute of Mental Health. I-mania ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku nje ezimbalwa; kwezinye izimo, i-mania iqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale esinye isimo esihambisana nayo, ukucindezeleka.

Labo abasengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sokucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo bahlanganisa abantu abanamalungu omkhaya analesi sifo. Izindaba ezinhle ziwukuthi kunethemba ngabagulayo. “Uma sisheshe satholakala, futhi selashwa ngendlela efanele,” kusho incwadi i-Bipolar Child, “lezi zingane nemikhaya yakubo zingaphila ukuphila okuvamile.”

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukucindezeleka noma ukucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo akuvezwa uphawu olulodwa. Ngokuvamile, yinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezibonakala phakathi nesikhathi esithile eveza isifo. Noma kunjalo, umbuzo usaphakama, Kungani lesi sifo esiyindida sihlasela intsha?

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Lapho Ingane Ifuna Ukufa

Ngokwe-U.S. Centers for Disease Control, komunye unyaka muva nje e-United States kwafa intsha eningi ngenxa yokuzibulala kunaleyo eyabulawa umdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, ingculaza, ukukhubazeka kwasekuzalweni, unhlangothi, i-pneumonia, imfuluwenza nesifo samaphaphu kuhlangene. Elinye iqiniso elethusayo ukuthi: Liye landa kakhulu inani labantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kweyishumi nengu-14 okubikwa ukuthi bayazibulala.

Ingabe ukuzibulala kwentsha kungavinjelwa? Kwezinye izimo, yebo kungavinjelwa. “Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abazibulalayo basuke beqale ngokukuzama noma ngokuxwayisa bethi bazokwenza,” kubhala uDkt. Kathleen McCoy. “Uma umntanakho eveza nje ukuthi unemicabango yokuzibulala, leso isikhathi sokubhekisisa mhlawumbe nokufuna usizo lochwepheshe.”

Ukwanda kwentsha ecindezelekile kugcizelela isidingo sokuba abazali nabanye abantu abadala bazithathe ngokungathi sína izimpawu zosemusha zokufuna ukuzibulala. Encwadini yakhe ethi No One Saw My Pain, uDkt. Andrew Slaby uyabhala: “Cishe kuyo yonke imibiko yokuzibulala engiye ngayihlaziya, izimpawu zamacebo engane zashaywa indiva noma zashalazelelwa. Amalungu omkhaya nabangane abazange baqonde ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani izinguquko ababezibona. Bagxila emiphumeleni hhayi emnyombweni wenkinga, baphetha ngokuthi ‘unezinkinga zomkhaya’ noma ‘udla izidakamizwa’ noma ‘unesifo sokuzincisha ukudla.’ Ngezinye izikhathi kwasingathwa intukuthelo, ukudideka nokucasuka esikhundleni sokwelapha ukucindezeleka. Imbangela yenkinga yasala, iyinkathazo futhi iqhubeka.”

Iphuzu lisobala: Zithatheni ngokungathi sína zonke izimpawu zokuthambekela kokuzibulala!

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Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuvukela kuwuphawu lokucindezeleka okufihlekile

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Intsha ecindezelekile ivame ukuphelelwa yisithakazelo ezintweni ebizithanda