Ukuphila Okumangalisayo Okunhlobonhlobo E-Amazon Engenhla

Ukuphila Okumangalisayo Okunhlobonhlobo E-Amazon Engenhla

KUSUKELA ngaphansi kwezintaba zase-Andes ePeru, kunohlaza lwamagatsha namaqabunga amboze indawo ebanzi ngasempumalanga yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika eyibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-3 700. Ekugcineni, lolu hlaza luhlangana namanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ase-Atlantic Ocean.

Ingxenye yaleli hlathi elisePeru—esifundeni sase-Amazon—ihlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angu-60 alelo zwe. Nakuba bembalwa kakhulu abantu basePeru abahlala kule ndawo, izimila nezilwane eziningi zikhosela ngaphansi kwalezi zihlahla ezingamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama. Empeleni, kuthiwa i-Amazon ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu ngemvelo emhlabeni. Kunezinhlobo zezimvemvane ezingaphezu kuka-3 000 ezindiza kule ndawo enomoya. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-4 000 zama-orchid ezinezimbali ezinhle. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-90 zezinyoka ezizigoqa emagatsheni naphansi ehlathini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kuka-2 500—ezihlanganisa imibokwane nama-piranha—zehla zenyuka emifuleni nasemihosheni.

Umfula ophakela la machibi nemihosha uMfula i-Amazon onamandla. Kwezinye izindawo, kuna imvula engaba ngamamitha amabili nesigamu kuya kwamathathu kuleli hlathi ngonyaka, okubangela ukuba i-Amazon nemingenela yayo engaba ngu-1 100 igeleze kulo lonke ihlathi. Ukushisa nomswakama kwenza umoya ube namanzi, okuyinto izimila eziyithanda kakhulu. Kodwa okuphawulekayo ukuthi lolu hlaza oluvundile lukhula kahle enhlabathini ewubumba ebhekwa njengendawo engenazo izakhi, engakufanelekele ukuba nezimila.

Izimpawu Zokuhlala Kwabantu Endulo

Ubungakhetha yini ukuhlala kule ndawo? Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi isigodi soMfula i-Amazon sasiyikhaya lezigidi zabantu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Okwamanje, kunabantu ababalelwa ku-300 000—abakha amaqembu ezinhlanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-40—abahlala esifundeni sase-Amazon esisePeru. Kukholelwa nawukuthi angu-14 ala maqembu ezinhlanga manje awahlangani nhlobo nabantu bangaphandle. Ngemva kokuchayeka okwesikhashana emiphakathini “ephucukile,” lezi zinhlanga zangena phakathi ekujuleni kwaleli hlathi, zinethemba lokuyigwema ngokuphelele le miphakathi.

Labo bantu abahlala ehlathini bafika nini futhi babevelaphi? Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kweNkathi Evamile, abafuduki bokuqala bafika bevela enyakatho. AmaJivaro (ayaziwa ngokunciphisa amakhanda ezitha ezibulewe) ayevela eCaribbean; kanti ama-Arawak, ayevela eVenezuela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlanga zazivela ngasempumalanga eBrazil naseningizimu eParaguay.

Lapho esezinzile, kubonakala sengathi amaningi ala maqembu ezinhlanga ayehla enyuka endaweni ethile, ezingela futhi etheza. Ayetshala nezilimo ezimbalwa ezikhula enhlabathini ene-asidi, njengomdumbula, upelepele, ubhanana nommbila. Abalobi bezenzakalo baseSpain baphawula ukuthi amanye ala maqembu ayehlelekile, ayakha izinqolobane futhi enezindlela zokufuya izilwane zasendle.

Ukuxabana Kwezizwe

Ekhulwini le-16 nele-17, abanqobi bamazwe baseSpain bahlasela esifundeni sase-Amazon. Ngemva kwabo kwalandela izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaJesuit nabalandeli bakaFrancisco ababezimisele ukuguqulela abomdabu enkolweni yamaRoma Katolika. Lezo zithunywa zevangeli zadweba amabalazwe amahle, enza ukuba abeLungu babe nesithakazelo esifundeni sase-Amazon. Kodwa lezi zithunywa zevangeli zavula nendlela yokusakazeka kwezifo nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1638 kwavulwa isikhungo sesonto endaweni manje okuthiwa iSifunda saseMaynas. Lezi zithunywa zevangeli zaqoqa abomdabu, zahlanganisa amaqembu alwayo futhi zawaphoqa ukuba ahlale ndawonye njengomphakathi. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngayiphi injongo “enhle”? Ngenxa yokuthi abomdabu babebhekwa njengabantu abangenalwazi nabaphansi, baphoqwa ukuba basebenzele izithunywa zevangeli nabanqobi bamazwe. Ngenxa yokuhlangana nabeLungu, izinkulungwane zabomdabu zabulawa yisimungumungwana, ingxibongo, uxhilo nochoko. Ezinye izinkulungwane zabulawa indlala.

AmaNdiya amaningi abaleka ezikhungweni zesonto ezamiswa yizinkolo ezihlukahlukene, futhi kwabulawa izithunywa zevangeli eziningi lapho evukela. Empeleni, ngesinye isikhathi emashumini okuqala ekhulu le-19 leminyaka, kwakusele umpristi oyedwa vó esifundeni sase-Amazon.

Indlela Abaphila Ngayo Namuhla

Namuhla, abantu abaningi bomdabu basaqhubeka bephila ngokuvumelana namasiko abo. Ngokwesibonelo, bakha izindlu zabo ngendlela yasendulo—zinezinsika zezingodo ezigawulwe ehlathini bese zifulelwa ngamahlamvu esundu noma ezinye izimila. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindlu zakhiwe phezu kwezingodo, izikhukhula zaminyaka yonke aziyona inkinga futhi izilwane eziyingozi azivamile ukungena.

Amaqembu omdabu avunula futhi azihlobise ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Amadoda nabesifazane abahlala phakathi kuleli hlathi babhinca izindwangu noma iziketi ezimfushane ezilukiwe, kanti izingane zona zihamba-ze. Labo abathintana njalo nezwe elingaphandle sebegqoka ngendlela yabeLungu. Abomdabu abathile babhoboza amakhala noma izindlebe bafake izindandatho, izinti, amathambo noma izimpaphe. Abanye, njengamaMayoruna, babhoboza izihlathi. Amanye amaTucuna namaJivaro aze alole namazinyo. Abaningi kulezi zinhlanga ezihlukene basusa zonke iziboya emzimbeni bese bezidweba.

Abantu base-Amazon bazi izimila eziningi ezihlukahlukene futhi basebenzisa leli hlathi njengekhemisi. Kulona bathola imithi yokwelapha isihlungu senyoka, uhudo nezifo zesikhumba, uma sibala izinto ezimbalwa. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abeLungu bathole injoloba, abantu base-Amazon babexebula izihlahla zenjoloba ukuze bathole inomfi, ababeyisebenzisela ukuvala obhasikidi bokusebenza nokwenza amabhola enjoloba. Kuleli hlathi kutholakala nezinto ezidingekayo zokuthutha nokuxhumana nabantu abakude. Ngokwesibonelo, amadoda agawula imithi enze izikebhe ahamba ngazo emifuleni, futhi agweda izingodo ezinkulu enze izigubhu adlulisa ngazo imiyalezo ezwakala endaweni ekude!

Ithonya Labelaphi Nenkolelo-ze

Kubantu abahlala e-Amazon, leli hlathi ligcwele imiphefumulo ezulazulayo ebusuku, imimoya ebangela ukugula nonkulunkulu abacathama emifuleni belinde izisulu ezinganakile. Cabanga ngama-Aguaruna, elinye lamaqembu amakhulu asePeru. Akhulekela onkulunkulu abahlanu abahlukene: “uBaba Oyiqhawe,” “uBaba Wasemanzini,” “uMama Ongumhlaba,” “uBaba Oyilanga” kanye “noBaba Ongumelaphi.” Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu bayaguquka babe yizimila nezilwane. Ngenxa yokuthi besaba ukuthukuthelisa imimoya, kunezilwane abomdabu abangazibulali kanti ezinye bazizingela uma kudingeka kuphela.

Abantu abelaphayo bengamele ukuphila okungokwenkolo nomphakathi, futhi basebenzisa izimila eziluthayo ukuze balutheke izingqondo. Ezinye izakhamuzi zithembele kulaba bantu ukuthi belaphe izifo, babikezele imiphumela yokuzingela nokulima futhi babikezele nezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ingabe Liyonyamalala?

Indawo abantu base-Amazon abahlala kuyo incipha ngokushesha. Kunemigwaqo emikhulu enqamula kuleli hlathi. Amapulazi namasimu kakhokho athé chithi saka kuleli hlathi. Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho kushiya izindawo ezinkulu zehlathi zingenalutho, okucekela phansi indawo elingana nezinkundla zikanobhutshuzwayo ezingu-1 200 usuku ngalunye! Ngisho nemifula iyonakala njengoba izimayini ezisemthethweni nokukhiqizwa kwe-cocaine okungemthetho kungcolisa imingenela yoMfula i-Amazon.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abasemajukujukwini ase-Amazon babhekene nemiphumela yokuphila enkathini iBhayibheli elabikezela ukuthi yayiyoba “izikhathi ezibucayi okunzima ukubhekana nazo.” (2 Thimothewu 3:1-5) Ingabe i-Amazon iyobhujiswa ngokuphelele? IBhayibheli linikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi lokho ngeke kwenzeke. Ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso kaNkulunkulu, wonke umhlaba uyoguqulwa ube ipharadesi, ngendlela uMdali wethu ayeyihlosile.—Isaya 25:1, 2; 2 Petru 3:13.

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UMfula i-Amazon

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Ama-Aguaruna akhulekela onkulunkulu abahlanu abahlukene

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Abesifazane bomdabu baseLamas

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Owomdabu wase-Amazon esebenzisa ipayipi lokuciba imicibisholo

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Umuzi ovamile wakule ndawo

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Imithi egawulwa ngokungemthetho usuku ngalunye ilingana nezinkundla zikanobhutshuzwayo ezingu-1 200

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[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 16]

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