Ingabe Isayensi Ikufakazele Ukuthi Akekho UNkulunkulu?

KWAPHELA iminyaka engu-50, isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani u-Antony Flew ehlonishwa ozakwabo abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Incwadi yakhe yango-1950, ethi: “Theology and Falsification, yaba yincwadi yefilosofi eyasakazwa kakhulu ekhulwini [lama-20].” Ngo-1986 uFlew wabizwa ngokuthi “isishoshovu esikhulu esiphikisa inkolelo yokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu.” Ngakho kwabamangaza kakhulu abaningi ngo-2004, lapho uFlew ememezela ukuthi usewushintshile umbono wakhe.

Yini eyenza uFlew washintsha umbono wakhe? Isayensi. Waqonda ukuthi indawo yonke, imithetho yemvelo, kuhlanganise nokuphila ngokwakho akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwavele kwaba khona ngengozi. Ingabe lokho kuyisiphetho esinengqondo?

Yaba Khona Kanjani Imithetho Yemvelo?

Isazi sesayensi yemvelo nombhali uPaul Davies uveza ukuthi isayensi yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuchaza izinto eziyimvelo njengemvula. Kodwa uthi: “Uma kuziwa emibuzweni enjengokuthi ‘Kungani kunemithetho yemvelo?’ ayicacisi kahle. Lokho okuye kwatholwa yisayensi akuyiphenduli le mibuzo: iningi lemibuzo emikhulu iye yahlala injalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwempucuko futhi isasikhathaza nanamuhla.”

Ngo-2007 uFlew wabhala: “Iphuzu eliyinhloko akukhona nje ukuthi kunezinto ezivame ukwenzeka emvelweni, kodwa ukuthi lezo zinto ezenzeka njalo zinembile ngokwezibalo, ngokwendawo yonke futhi ‘ziyahlobana.’ U-Einstein wathi lezi zinto ‘ziwukubonakaliswa kokuhlakanipha.’ Umbuzo okufanele siwubuze ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuba imvelo ikwazi ukuvumelana ngale ndlela. Ngokuqinisekile lona umbuzo ososayensi kusukela kuNewton kuya ku-Einstein kuze kuyofika kuHeisenberg abaye bawubuza futhi bawuphendula. Impendulo yabo yaba ukuthi iNgqondo kaNkulunkulu.”

Ngempela, ososayensi abaningi abahlonishwa kakhulu abakubheki njengento engeyona isayensi ukukholelwa ekuhlakanipheni koMthombo Wendalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi indawo yonke, imithetho yayo nokuphila kwavele kwaba khona akukwanelisi ukuhlakanipha komuntu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke kuyasitshela ukuthi umklamo—ikakhulukazi umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi—udinga umklami.

Yikuphi Oyokhetha Ukukukholelwa?

Nakuba iqembu elisha labangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu lithanda ukuthi isayensi ivumelana nalo, iqiniso liwukuthi ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu nokungakholelwa kuye akuncikile kuyisayensi ngokuphelele. Kokubili kudinga ukholo—abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bakholelwa ukuthi izinto zathuka zenzeka; abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bakholelwa ekuhlakanipheni koMthombo Wendalo. UJohn Lennox, onguprofesa wezibalo e-University of Oxford, eNgilandi, uthi iqembu elisha labangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu likhuthaza umbono wokuthi “zonke izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo ziwubumpumputhe.” Uyanezela: “Kufanele sikugcizelele kakhulu ukuthi lokhu abakushoyo akulona iqiniso.” Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi: Iyiphi-ke inkolo ebonakala ineqiniso lapho ihlolwa—ingabe eyabathi uNkulunkulu akekho noma eyabakholelwa ukuthi ukhona? Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela umsuka wokuphila.

Labo abakholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo bayavuma ukuthi umsuka wokuphila uyinto eyimfihlakalo—nakuba kunemibono eminingi ephikisanayo. Ilungu elikhulu labangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uRichard Dawkins, uthi ngenxa yobuningi bamaplanethi akhona endaweni yonke, kwakufanele kube nokuphila kwenye yawo. Kodwa ososayensi abaningi abathenjwayo abaqiniseki ngalokhu. Uprofesa waseCambridge uJohn Barrow uthi inkolelo ‘yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nengqondo, ihamba ifike kwangqi-ngetshe kuzo zonke izingxenye zayo. Kunezindlela eziningi kakhulu ukuphila okungahluleka ngazo ukuziphendukela endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi noma engenazo izimo ezinhle kangangokuba bekungaba ukuzikhukhumeza ukuvele sithi, uma kukhona i-carbon eyanele nesikhathi, kungenzeka noma yini.’

Khumbula nokuthi, ukuphila akuyona inhlanganisela nje yezakhi ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Kunalokho, kusekelwe ekwazisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi, okukuyi-DNA. Ngakho, lapho sikhuluma ngomsuka wokuphila, sikhuluma nangomsuka wokwaziswa kwezakhi zezinto eziphilayo. Yimuphi okuwukuphela komthombo wokuphila esiwaziyo? Ngamafuphi nje, ukuhlakanipha. Ingabe izehlakalo ezenzeka ngengozi zingaba nokwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, njengohlelo lwe-computer, izibalo, inqolobane yolwazi ngisho neziqondiso zokubhaka ikhekhe? Lutho neze. Kodwa, akukho kulokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi okunembe njengokwaziswa okusezakhini zofuzo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ngokwesayensi—Ingabe Inhlanhla IwuMthombo Wendalo?

UPaul Davies uthi, ngokwalokho okushiwo abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, “indawo yonke iyilokhu eyikho, ayiqondakali futhi kwenzeka ngengozi ukuba ikwazi ukusekela ukuphila. Ukube izimo bezingenye indlela, ngabe ayikho le mpikiswano ngoba ngabe asiphili. Indawo yonke kungenzeka inakho ukuxhumana okuthile noma ayinakho, kodwa ayinamklamo nanjongo—noma-ke ayinawo umklamo noma injongo ebonakala inengqondo kithi.” UDavies uthi: “Inzuzo yokuba nalo mbono iwukuthi kulula ukuwuvikela—kulula kangangokuba kubonakala kungenasizathu sokuphikisana ngawo.

Encwadini yakhe ethi Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, isazi samangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo uMichael Denton saphetha ngokuthi umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo “ufana nendlela yokufunda izinkanyezi yangenkathi ephakathi kunokuba umbono wangempela ongokwesayensi.” Saphinde sathi umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kaDarwin uyinsumansumane enkulu kunazo zonke esikhathini sethu.

Kuyinganekwane ukuba kuthiwe izenzakalo ezenzeka ngephutha ziwumthombo wendalo. Ake ucabange ngalokhu: Umvubukuli ubona itshe elihayayo elithi alibe yisikwele. Angase athi kwenzeka ngengozi ukuba libe njalo, okungaba nengqondo ukuphetha kanjalo. Kodwa kamuva uthola itshe elifana ncamashi nengxenye engenhla yomzimba womuntu. Ingabe uthi lokhu kwenzeka ngengozi? Cha. Ingqondo yakhe ephusile ithi, “Kunothile owakwenza.” Lisebenzisa indlela enjalo yokucabanga, iBhayibheli lithi: “Yileyo naleyo ndlu yakhiwa othile, kodwa lowo owakha izinto zonke uNkulunkulu.” (Hebheru 3:4) Ingabe uyavumelana nala mazwi?

ULennox wabhala: “Lapho sifunda okwengeziwe ngendawo yonke, buyanda ubufakazi bokuthi kunoNkulunkulu onguMdali, owaklama indawo yonke ngenjongo, futhi buba yincazelo engcono kakhulu yokuthi kungani silapha.”

Ngokudabukisayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezilulaza ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ububi obuye benziwa ngaphansi kwegama lakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, abanye baye baphetha ngokuthi kungaba ngcono uma abantu bengenayo inkolo. Wena ucabangani?