Indlela Isimo Sezulu Esingashintsha Ngayo Umlando
U MLANDO olotshiwe usitshela ngezenzakalo eziphawulekayo lapho isimo sezulu sadlala khona indima enkulu emiphumeleni yazo. Ake sicabangele izibonelo ezimbili nje kuphela.
Lapho Kusuka Isiphepho
Ngo-1588, iNkosi uPhilip yaseSpain yaphaka imikhumbi yempi eyaziwa ngokuthi iSpanish Armada, ukuze iyohlasela iNgilandi. Kodwa izinto azihambanga ngohlelo, ngoba isimo sezulu sashafisa amacebo.
Imikhumbi yempi yaseSpain yangena kuyi-English Channel yazithela emikhunjini yempi yaseNgilandi. Imikhumbi yaseNgilandi elawuleka kalula yalwa neyaseSpain, kodwa ayiyilimazanga kangako. ISpanish Armada yabe isikanisa eduze neCalais ukuze ithathe amanye amasosha njengoba yayihlele ukuyohlasela iNgilandi.
Khona manjalo, kwathi phakathi kobusuku amaNgisi athungela imikhumbi yawo embalwa eyayingenamuntu, eyabe isidudulwa umoya yaqonda ngqo emikhunjini yaseSpain eyayikanisile. Imikhumbi eminingi yaseSpain yawanqamula amahange ayo ukuze igweme ukushayiswa yile mikhumbi evuthayo. Leso senzo sabaseSpain sasizobabangela inhlekelele kamuva.
Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo saseCalais, womabili la maviyo emikhumbi alibangisa oLwandle oluseNyakatho, edudulwa umoya. Ngalesi sikhathi, imikhumbi yempi yamaNgisi yayisiphelelwe yiziqhumane, ngakho yaphindela ogwini lwaseNgilandi. Njengoba yayiphikiswa umoya futhi kukhona iNgilandi phakathi kwayo neSpain, abaseSpain baphoqeleka ukuba baye enyakatho bayojika ngaseScotland, bese beya eningizimu bayodlula ngase-Ireland, ekugcineni balibangise kwelakubo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, imikhumbi yempi yaseSpain yayisiphelelwa ukudla namanzi, kanti eyayilimele yayigcwele amatilosi alimele kuhlanganise nalabo ababehlaselwe ukhwekhwe. Ngakho-ke, yonke le mikhumbi yaba nenkinga yokuntuleka kokudla, eyenza amasosha aba buthakathaka.
Ngemva kokuba le mikhumbi isihambile yagudla iScotland, isiphepho esesabekayo sase-Atlantic sayidudula sayibhekisa ngasogwini lwase-Ireland. Ngokuvamile ukuze umkhumbi uphephe wehlisa ihange ulinde kuze kudlule isiphepho. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuthi amahange amaningi ayenqanyuliwe ngesikhathi kuhlasela imikhumbi evuthayo, imikhumbi engu-26 yaseSpain yaphahlazeka ogwini lwase-Ireland, kwafa amadoda angaba ngu-5 000 kuya ku-6 000.
Ngesikhathi i-Armada ifika eSpain, kwase kufe abantu abangaba ngu-20 000. Imbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwabantu abaningi kangaka nokuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi kumelwe ukuba kwaba yisimo sezulu. Kubonakala sengathi amaDashi aphetha ngalokho. Kamuva, endondweni yokuhalalisela ukushabalala kweSpanish Armada, amaDashi asho inkolelo evamile yokuthi uNkulunkulu obangela izinhlekelele zemvelo futhi le ndondo yaqoshwa la mazwi: “UJehova wabaphephetha futhi bahlakazeka.”
Banqotshwa Yimvula
Esinye isenzakalo sokushintsha komlando womhlaba okwabangelwa isimo sezulu, yiMpi yaseWaterloo yango-1815. Umlando ubika ukuthi enkundleni yempi yaseWaterloo, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-21 eningizimu yeBrussels, eBelgium, kwafa futhi kwalimala abantu abangaphezu kuka-70 000 ngamahora nje ambalwa. INkosana yaseWellington eBrithani yakhetha indawo eyayizoba yinkundla yempi, yabe isikhetha ukuqhamuka egqumeni. Nakuba ibutho laseFrance elaliholwa uNapoleon lalilikhulu kunelaseWellington, uNapoleon kwakudingeka anqobe kungakahlwi, ngenxa yokuthi iWellington yayizothola usizo oluvela ebuthweni lasePrussia ngalobo busuku. Kodwa, nakulokhu isimo sezulu saphinda sadlala indima ebalulekile.
Layidliva ebusuku obandulela usuku lwempi. Amasosha amaningi athi lobo busuku babububi kunabo bonke ekuphileni kwawo. Ngisho nalapho amanye esekwazile ukugxumeka amatende amancane, elinye isosha lakhala ngokuthi imibhede ngaphakathi etendeni yayimanzi té. Inhlabathi yathamba yaze yaba ubishi. Ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi uyashesha ukuyinqoba iWellington, uNapoleon wayefuna ukuqala ukuhlasela kusempondo zankomo. Kodwa, akakwazanga kwaze kwadlula amahora ambalwa.
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwaba udaka, okwadingeka lome ngaphambi kokuba kuqale impi. Udaka lwenza kwalinganiselwa nokusebenza kwezinqola ezidubulayo uNapoleon ayezethembe kakhulu. Okokuqala, izinga lokudubula lancipha, ngenxa yokuthi kwakunzima ukududula lezi zinqola odakeni. Okwesibili, izimbumbulu kwakufanele zigqome phansi ukuze zibangele umonakalo owengeziwe emasosheni aseWellington. Kodwa, lokho akwenzekanga ngenxa yodaka olwaluzibamba. Lokhu kwaba yinhlekelele kuNapoleon nebutho lakhe. Ngakho, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi, ibutho lakhe lanqotshwa, yena wadingiswa.
Kuzo zombili lezi zehlakalo, kubonakala sengathi isimo sezulu saba yimbangela yemiphumela yalezo zenzakalo ezashintsha umlando. Leyo miphumela, yadlala indima enkulu ekudlondlobaleni koMbuso WaseBrithani.
[Isithombe ekhasini 24]
Ispanish Armada
[Umthombo]
© 19th era/Alamy
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Impi Yasewaterloo
[Umthombo]
© Bettmann/CORBIS