Ukuvuvukala Kwamalunga—Izimbangela Nezingozi
UKUVUVUKALA kwamalunga (gout) kungolunye uhlobo oluvamile lwesifo samathambo futhi kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. Incwadi ethi Arthritis ithi: “Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kubangelwa ukuthi umzimba uyehluleka ukuhlakaza i-uric acid.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, “kuyinkinga enomsuka owaziwayo—ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya oketshezini lwamalunga omzimba . . . , ikakhulukazi kubhozo.”
I-uric acid iwukungcola okusegazini, futhi ibangelwa ukuhlakazeka kwezakhi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-purine. Uma le acid inqwabelana, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungakhishwa komchamo, kwakheka izinhlayiya ezisazinaliti elungeni elisekuqaleni kubhozo, nakuba ingase ihlasele namanye amalunga. Leli lunga lingase lifuthe, livuvukale, lishise uma ulithinta futhi linkenkethe.a U-Alfred onale nkinga uthi: “Ngisho ukulithinta kancane nje kubangela ubuhlungu obunjunjuthayo ongakwazi ukububekezelela.”
“Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukuhlaselwa ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kungathatha isonto lonke,” kusho ukwaziswa okunyatheliswa yi-Arthritis Australia. “Kungase kuphele izinyanga ngisho neminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuphinde kuhlasele. Uma ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kungasingathwa ngendlela efanele, kungase kukuhlasele kaningi, futhi ukuhlasela [kungase] kube bucayi kakhulu namalunga angalimala unomphelo. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo singaba sibi size sibe amahlala-khona.”
Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kuwuhlobo lwesifo samathambo olulaphekayo. Ngokuvamile ukuze selashwe lesi sifo kusetshenziswa kakhulu imithi evimbela ukuvuvukala engenawo ama-steroid, noma uma ukuhlasela kwaso kwenzeka njalo noma kukubi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa i-allopurinol, esiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwe-uric acid. Ingabe ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kungavinjelwa ukuba kungaphinde kuhlasele? Kungenzeka uma esimphethe eziqaphela izingozi.
Izingozi Zokuphinde Sihlasele
Izingozi eziyinhloko ziwukukhula, ubulili bomuntu nezakhi zofuzo. Ngokwezinye izikhulu, abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 abahlushwa yilesi sifo, bavela emkhayeni onomlando waso. U-Alfred ocashunwe ngenhla uthi: “Bobabili ubaba nomkhulu babenesifo sokuvuvuka kwamalunga.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sihlasela amadoda ngokuyinhloko, ikakhulu lawo aneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-40 nengu-50. Empeleni, cishe amathuba okuba amadoda aphathwe yilesi sifo aphindwe kathathu noma kane kunokuba kunjalo ngabesifazane, okungavamile neze ukuba sibahlasele ngaphambi kwenkathi yokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokudla: I-Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition ithi: “Indlela odla ngayo ngenxa yokuvuvuka kwamalunga akusabonakali igxile ekugwemeni izinhlobo zokudla ezinezinga eliphakeme le-purine, kodwa kunalokho ekwelapheni izinkinga ezivamile zokugayeka kokudla ezihlotshaniswa nalesi sifo, inkinga yokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nezinkinga ze-insulin, kuhlanganise nezinga lamafutha amaningi egazini, njenge-cholesterol.”
Noma kunjalo, abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuba kuncishiswe ukudla okunezinga eliphakeme lama-purine, njenge-yeast, uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenyama ebomvu.b
Utshwala: Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungenza i-uric acid inqwabelane emzimbeni.
Izimo zempilo: NgokweMayo Clinic, e-United States, isifo sokuvuvuka kwamalunga singase sibangelwe izimo ezithile zempilo, ezihlanganisa “ukungelashwa komfutho ophakeme wegazi (hypertension) nezifo ezingamahlala-khona, njengesifo sikashukela, izinga eliphakeme lamafutha asegazini (hyperlipidemia), kanye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi (arteriosclerosis).” Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kuphinde kuhlotshaniswe “nokuvele uhlatshwe ukugula noma isifo esiphikelelayo noma ukulimala, nokuhlala ulele ngenxa yokugula,” kanye nesifo sezinso. Ngokusobala, ubhozo uyisisulu esiyinhloko salesi sifo ngenxa yokungalitholi kahle igazi nezinga eliphansi lokushisa—okuyizinto ezimbili ezingabangela ukunqwabelana kwe-uric acid.
Imithi: Imithi engandisa amathuba okuphathwa isifo sokuvuvukala kwamalunga ihlanganisa ama-thiazide diuretic (okuyimithi ekhipha amanzi emzimbeni, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho ophakeme wegazi), isilinganiso esiphansi se-aspirin, imithi enikezwa abantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba (antirejection) nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Izihluthulelo Ezinhlanu Zokunciphisa Izingozi Zokuphinde Sikuhlasele
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlasela kwesifo sokuvuvuka kwamalunga kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezindlela zokuphila, ukusikisela okulandelayo kungase kube usizo ekunciphiseni amathuba okuphinde uphathwe yilesi sifo.c
1. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo sokuvuvuka kwamalunga sibangelwa ukuthi umzimba uyehluleka ukugaya kahle ukudla, ophethwe yilesi sifo kufanele alwele ukuba nesisindo somzimba esikahle ngokunciphisa ukudla okunama-calorie amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nomzimba omkhulu kwenza amalunga athwale kanzima.
2. Zigweme izinto ezinciphisa umzimba ngokushesha, ezingase ziphakamise izinga le-uric acid egazini.
3. Gwema ukudla inyama kakhulu. Abanye basikisela ukuba udle ama-gremu angu-170 ngosuku enyama ebomvu, eyenkukhu noma inhlanzi.
4. Uma ubuphuza utshwala, buphuze ngokulinganisela. Uma unenkinga yokuvuvuka kwamalunga, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukubugwema ngokuphelele.
5. Phuza kakhulu iziphuzo ezingebona utshwala. Zona ziyasiza ekukhipheni i-uric acid emzimbeni.d
Lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela ezingenhla zingase zisikhumbuze isixwayiso seBhayibheli esithi ‘sibe abalinganiselayo’ futhi singazinikeli ‘ewayinini eliningi.’ (1 Thimothewu 3:2, 8, 11) Ngokuqinisekile, uMdali wethu uyazi ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kithi.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Kungase kube nezimpawu ezifanayo lapho kwakheka izinhlayiya ze-calicium pyrophosphate emalungeni, ikakhulukazi oqwangeni olubushelelezi olwenza amathambo angagudlani. Kodwa, lolu hlobo lokuvuvukala kwamalunga (pseudogout) luhlukile futhi lungase ludinge ukwelashwa okuhlukile.
b Ngokwesihloko esakhishwa encwadini ethi Australian Doctor, ukudla kakhulu amakhowe nemifino ene-purine eningi, njengobhontshisi, udali, uphizi, isipinashi nokholifulawa, “akuhlotshaniswa nezimbangela ezinkulu zesifo sokuvuvuka kwamalunga.”
c Lesi sihloko asihloselwe ukuba sibe isiqondiso kwezokwelapha. Isiguli ngasinye singazifunela indlela yokwelashwa ephumelelayo. Futhi akufanele siyeke ukusebenzisa imithi esiyinikezwe udokotela noma senze izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni ngaphandle kokuthinta udokotela.
d Lokhu kwaziswa kusekelwe kulokho okutuswa yiMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
[Umdwebo/Isithombe ekhasini 24]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Amalunga avuvukele
I-synovium
[Isithombe]
Izinhlayiyana ze-uric acid ezinqwabelene