Ukulandelana Kwabaphostoli

Incazelo: Imfundiso yokuthi abaphostoli abayi-12 banabalandeli abaye banikezwa igunya ngokumiswa kwaphezulu. ESontweni lamaRoma Katolika, ababhishobhi njengeqembu kuthiwa bangabalandeli babaphostoli, futhi upapa kuthiwa ungumlandeli kaPetru. Kuqiniswa ngokuthi opapa bamaRoma balandela eduze, basesikhundleni futhi benza imisebenzi kaPetru, lowo okuthiwa uKristu wamnikeza isikhundla segunya phezu kwalo lonke iBandla. Akuyona imfundiso yeBhayibheli.

Ingabe uPetru ‘wayeyidwala’ ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo?

Math. 16:18: “Nami-ke ngithi kuwe: Wena unguPetru; phezu kwalelidwala ngiyakulakha ibandla lami; amasango eHayidese awayikulahlula.” (Phawula ngokomongo [amavesi 13, 20] ukuthi ingxoxo iphathelene nokwazi uJesu.)

Umphostoli uPetru noPawulu ubani ababemqonda ‘njengoyidwala,’ “itshe legumbi”?

IzE. 4:8-11: “Khona uPetru egcwele uMoya oNgcwele wathi kubo: Nina-babusi bezizwe namalunga, . . . ngegama likaJesu Kristu waseNazaretha enambethela esiphambanweni, amvusayo uNkulunkulu kwabafileyo, ngaye umi lomuntu phambi kwenu esindile. Yena uyitshe eladelelwa yinina-bakhi, eselaba-yinhloko yegumbi [“itshe legumbi,” NAB].”

1 Pet. 2:4-8: “Sondelani kuyo [iNkosi uJesu Kristu], . . . nakhiwe njengamatshe aphilileyo, nibe-yindlu yokomoya, . . . Ngokuba kukhona embhalweni ukuthi: Bhekani, ngibeka eSiyoni itshe legumbi elikhethekile, liyigugu; okholwa yilo akasoze ajabhiswa. Ngakho kini enikholwayo liyigugu; kepha kwabangakholwayo itshe abalinqabayo abakhi yilona elaba-yinhloko yegumbi, netshe lokuqhuzula, nedwala lokukhubekisa.”

Efe. 2:20: “Nakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sabaphostoli nabaprofethi, uKristu Jesu uqobo lwakhe eyitshe legumbi.”

Yayiyini inkolelo ka-Augustine (owayebhekwa iSonto lamaKatolika njengongcwele)?

“Kulesikhathi esifanayo sobupristi bami, ngabhala futhi ibhuku elimelene nencwadi kaDonatus . . . Engxenyeni ethile kulelibhuku, ngathi ngoMphostoli uPetru: ‘IBandla lakhiwa phezu kwakhe njengaphezu kwedwala.’ . . . Kodwa ngiyazi ukuthi kaningi ngemva kwalokho, ngakuchaza ngalendlela lokho iNkosi eyakusho: ‘Nawe unguPetru, phezu kwalelidwala ngiyakulakha iBandla lami,’ ukuthi kumelwe kuqondwe njengelakhiwe phezu kwaKhe lowo uPetru amvuma ngokuthi: ‘Nawe unguKristu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu ophilayo,’ ngakho uPetru, owaqanjwa ngalelidwala, wamelela umuntu waleliBandla elakhiwa phezu kwalelidwala, futhi uye wamukela ‘izihluthulelo zombuso wezulu.’ Ngoba, kwathiwa kuye ‘Nawe unguPetru’ akushiwongo ukuthi ‘Nawe uyidwala.’ Kodwa ‘idwala lalinguKristu,’ lowo ngokumvuma njengoba nalo lonke iBandla limvuma, uSimoni wabizwa ngokuthi uPetru.”—The Fathers of the Church—Saint Augustine, the Retractations (Washington, D.C.; 1968), eyahunyushwa nguMary I. Bogan, iNcwadi I, k. 90.

Ingabe abanye abaphostoli babheka uPetru njengonesikhundla esiphakeme phakathi kwabo?

Luka 22:24-26: “Kwavela nokuphikisana phakathi kwabo [abaphostoli] kokuthi [yi]muphi kubo ongathiwa omkhulu. Wayesethi kubo: Ababusi bezizwe bazenza amakhosi phezu kwazo, neziphathimandla zazo zithiwa abazenzela okuhle. Kepha nina aninjalo.” (Uma uPetru ‘ayeyidwala’, ingabe kwakuyoba khona ukungabaza ngokuthi yimuphi kubo ‘okumelwe abhekwe njengomkhulu’?)

Njengoba uJesu Kristu, inhloko yebandla, ephila, ingabe uyamdinga umlandeli?

Heb. 7:23-25: “Kulabo-ke baba-baningi ababekwa babe-ngabapristi [kwaIsrayeli], ngokuba bathiyeka ngenxa yokufa ukuba baqhube njalo; kepha yena [uJesu Kristu], ngenxa yokuba ehlala phakade, unobupristi obungenakuguquka; ngakho-ke unamandla okusindisa ngokupheleleyo abeza kuNkulunkulu ngaye, lokhu ephilela njalo ukubamela.”

Roma 6:9: “Sazi ukuthi uKristu esevusiwe kwabafileyo akasafi.”

Efe. 5:23: “NoKristu uyinhloko yebandla.”

Zaziyini “izihluthulelo” ezanikezwa uPetru?

Math. 16:19: “Ngiyakukunika izihluthulelo zombuso wezulu. Oyakukubopha emhlabeni koba kuboshiwe nasezulwini, nalokho oyakukukhulula emhlabeni koba kukhululiwe nasezulwini.”

KusAmbulo, uJesu wabhekisela esihluthulelweni esingokomfanekiso asisebenzisa ekuvuleni amalungelo namathuba kubantu

IsAm. 3:7, 8: “Nakhu akushoyo ongcwele, oqinisileyo, onesihluthulelo sikaDavide, ovula kungavali-muntu, novalayo kungavuli-muntu, uthi: . . . Ngimisile phambi kwakho umnyango ovuliweyo, ongenakuvalwa-muntu.”

UPetru wasebenzisa “izihluthulelo” azinikwa ekuvuleleni (amaJuda, amaSamariya, nabeZizwe) ithuba lokwamukela umoya kaNkulunkulu ngombono wokungena eMbusweni wasezulwini

IzE. 2:14-39: “Wayesesukuma uPetru nabayishumi nanye, waphakamisa izwi lakhe, waphumisela wathi kubo: Madoda akwaJuda nani nonke enakhileyo eJerusalema, . . . uNkulunkulu umenzile iNkosi noKristu uJesu lo enambethela nina esiphambanweni. Sebekuzwa bahlabeka enhliziyweni, bathi kuPetru nakwabanye abaphostoli: Madoda, bazalwane, siyakwenze njani na? UPetru wayesethi: Phendukani, yilowo nalowo abhapathizwe egameni likaJesu Kristu kukho ukuthethelelwa kwezono zenu; khona niyakwamukeliswa isiphiwo sikaMoya oNgcwele. Ngokuba isithembiso ngesenu nesabantwana benu, esabo bonke abakude, bonke iNkosi uNkulunkulu wethu eyakubabiza.”

IzE. 8:14-17: “Kwathi ukuba abaphostoli baseJerusalema bezwa ukuthi iSamariya lilamukele izwi likaNkulunkulu, bathumela kubo oPetru noJohane; sebehlele khona babakhulekela ukuba bamukele uMoya oNgcwele, ngokuba wayengakehleli nakoyedwa kubo; kodwa babesabhapathiziwe egameni leNkosi uJesu kuphela. Khona babeka izandla phezu kwabo; base bamukela-ke uMoya oNgcwele.” (Ivesi 20 libonisa ukuthi uPetru nguyena owayehola kulokhu.)

IzE. 10:24-48: “Ngangomuso bangena eKesariya. UKorneliyu [oweZizwe ongasokiwe] wayebalindele . . . UPetru wavula umlomo, wathi: . . . Kwathi uPetru esakhuluma lawomazwi, uMoya oNgcwele wehlela phezu kwabo bonke ababelizwa izwi.”

Ingabe izulu lalilindela uPetru ukuba enze izinqumo bese lilandela ukuhola kwakhe?

IzE. 2:4, 14: “Base begcwala bonke uMoya oNgcwele, baqala ukukhuluma ngezinye izilimi, njengalokho uMoya wabapha ukuphumisela. . . . Wayesesukuma uPetru [ngemva kokuba uKristu, inhloko yebandla, eye wabashukumisa ngomoya ongcwele] nabayishumi nanye, waphakamisa izwi lakhe, waphumisela wathi kubo.” (Bheka ivesi 33.)

IzE. 10:19, 20: “UMoya wathi kuye [uPetru]: Bheka, amadoda amabili ayakufuna; sukuma-ke, wehle, uhambe nabo [uye emzini woweZizwe uKorneliyu], ungangabazi ngalutho, ngokuba yimina engibathumileyo.”

Qhathanisa noMathewu 18:18, 19.

Ingabe uPetru ungumahluleli wokuthi ubani ofanele ukungena eMbusweni?

2 Thim. 4:1: “NoKristu Jesu oyokwahlulela abaphilayo nabafileyo.”

2 Thim. 4:8: “Sengibekelwe umqhele wokulunga eyakungipha wona ngalolosuku iNkosi [uJesu Kristu], umahluleli olungileyo, kungeyimi ngedwa, kepha bonke abathandile ukubonakala kwayo.”

Ingabe uPetru wayeseRoma?

IRoma kubhekiselwe kuyo emavesini ayisishiyagalolunye emiBhalo eNgcwele; alikho kulawa elithi uPetru wayelapho. EyokuQala kaPetru 5:13 ibonisa ukuthi wayeseBabiloni. Ingabe lokhu kwakuwukubhekisela okungacacile eRoma? Ukuba kwakhe seBabiloni kwakuvumelana nesabelo sakhe sokushumayela kumaJuda (njengoba kuboniswe kwabaseGalathiya 2:9), ngoba kwakunamaJuda amaningi eBabiloni. IEncyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem, 1971, Umq. 15, uhlu 755), lapho ikhulumela ukukhishwa kweTalmud yaseBabiloni, ibhekisela kwesobuJuda “isikole esikhulu saseBabiloni” ngeSikhathi Esivamile.

Ingabe uhlu olunganqamuki lwabalandelanayo luye lwasuselwa kuPetru kwaze kwaba kopapa banamuhla?

UJohn McKenzie ongumJesuit, ngesikhathi enguprofesa wezenkolo eNotre Dame, wabhala: “Abukho ubufakazi obungokomlando bochungechunge lokulandelana kubaphathi besonto.”—The Roman Catholic Church (New York, 1969), k. 4.

INew Catholic Encyclopedia iyavuma: “ . . . ukuntuleka kobufakazi kushiya okuningi okungakhanyi ngokuba khona kwezigaba zababhishobhi ekuqaleni . . . ”—(1967), Umq. I, k. 696.

Ukuzisholo ukuthi bamiswe ngokwaphezulu akusho lutho uma labo abasho kanjalo bengamlaleli uNkulunkulu noKristu

Math. 7:21-23: “Asibo bonke abashoyo kimi ukuthi: Nkosi, Nkosi, abayakungena embusweni wezulu, kuphela owenza intando kaBaba osezulwini. Abaningi bayakuthi kimi ngalolosuku: Nkosi, Nkosi, asiprofethanga yini ngegama lakho, sakhipha amademoni ngegama lakho, senza imisebenzi eminingi yamandla ngegama lakho, na? Khona ngiyakufakaza kubo ukuthi: Angizange nginazi; sukani kimi nina-benzi bokubi.”

Bheka futhi uJeremiya 7:9-15.

Ingabe labo okuthiwa bangabalandeli babaphostoli baye banamathela ezimfundisweni nasezenzweni zikaJesu Kristu nabaphostoli bakhe?

IA Catholic Dictionary ithi: “ISonto lamaRoma liwubuPhostoli, ngoba imfundiso yalo iwukholo olwake lwambulwa kubaPhostoli, okuwukholo eliluqaphelayo neliluchazayo, ngaphandle kokunezela kulo noma kokukhipha kulo.” (London, 1957, W. E. Addis noT. Arnold, k. 176) Ingabe amaqiniso ayavuma?

Ukuchazwa KukaNkulunkulu

“Elithi Ziqu-zintathu liyigama elisetshenziswa ekuboniseni imfundiso eyinhloko yenkolo yobuKristu.”—The Catholic Encyclopedia (1912), Umq. XV, k. 47.

“Igama elithi Ziqu-zintathu, noma imfundiso enjengaleyo, akuveli eTestamenteni Elisha . . . Lemfundiso yaba khona kancane kancane emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka nangokuphikisana okuningi.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1976), Micropædia, Umq. X, k. 126.

“Labo abachaza imibhalo nezazi zenkolo zeBhayibheli, kuhlanganise nenani elikhula njalo lamaRoma Katolika, bayaqaphela ukuthi umuntu akumelwe akhulume ngoZiqu-zintathu eTestamenteni Elisha ngaphandle kokuchaza ngokungathi sína. Kukhona futhi nokuqaphela okufanayo nokuseduze kwalabo abayizazi-mlando zezimfundiso nezazi zenkolo kokuthi uma umuntu ekhuluma ngoZiqu-zintathu ongenancazelo, lowomuntu usuke egudlukile enkathini yokuqala kobuKristu, waya engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulu lesine leminyaka.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Umq. XIV, k. 295.

Ukungashadi Kwabefundisi

UPapa Paul VI, kweyakhe iSacerdotalis Caelibatus (Ukungashadi Kwabapristi, 1967), eya kubo bonke, wamukela ukungashadi njengemfuneko kubefundisi, kodwa wavuma ukuthi “iTestamente Elisha eliphethe imfundiso kaKristu nabaPhostoli . . . alikufuni ngenkani ukungashadi kwabefundisi abangcwele . . . UJesu ngokwaKhe akazange akwenze kube yimfuneko yokuqala ekukhetheni kwaKhe abayiShumi Nambili, nabaPhostoli abakwenzanga kulabo ababengamela imiphakathi yokuqala yamaKristu.”—The Papal Encyclicals 1958-1981 (Falls Church, Va.; 1981), k. 204.

1 Kor. 9:5, NAB: “Asinalo yini ilungelo lokushada nowesifazane okholwayo njengabanye abaphostoli nabafowabo beNkosi kanye noKhefase?” (“UKhefase” igama lesiAramu elanikezwa uPetru; bheka uJohane 1:42. Bheka futhi uMarku 1:29-31, lapho kubhekiselwa khona kumkhwekazi kaSimoni, noma uPetru.)

1 Thim. 3:2, Dy: “Ngakho-ke, kumfanele umbhishobhi ukuba abe . . . yindoda enomfazi oyedwa [“oshade kanye kuphela,” NAB].”

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sobuKristu, ubuBuddha babufuna ukuba abapristi babo nezindela bangashadi. (History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church, London, 1932, uhlelo lwesine, ebukeziwe, kaHenry C. Lea, k. 6) Ngisho nangaphambili, izigaba eziphakeme zobupristi baseBabiloni kwakudingeka zingashadi, ngokweThe Two Babylons ka-A. Hislop.—(New York, 1943), k. 219.

1 Thim. 4:1-3: “UMoya usho ngokuchachileyo ukuthi ngezikhathi zokugcina abanye bayakuhlubuka ekukholweni, benaka omoya abadukisayo nezifundiso zamademoni, . . . benqabela ukuganana.”

Ukwehluka ezweni

Lapho uPapa Paul VI, ekhuluma neZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-1965, wathi: “Abantu bomhlaba baphendukela eZizweni Ezihlangene njengethemba lokugcina lokuzwana nokuthula; Kusuka kithina ukuba silethe lapha amazwi abo okubonga nawokudumisa nawethemba, kuhlanganise naWethu.”—The Pope’s Visit (New York, 1965), Time-Life Special Report, k. 26.

Joh. 15:19: “[UJesu Kristu wathi:] Uma beningabezwe, izwe belizakuthanda okwalo, kepha lokhu ningesibo abezwe kodwa nganikhetha mina ezweni, kungalokho izwe linizonda.”

Jak. 4:4, JB: “Aniboni yini ukuthi ukwenza izwe umngane wenu kuwukwenza uNkulunkulu isitha senu?”

Ukuphendukela ezikhalini zempi

Isazi-mlando esingumKatolika uE. I. Watkin uyaloba: “Nakuba ukuvuma kumelwe kube buhlungu, asinakuthi ngenxa yemfundiso yamanga noma ukungathembeki siliphike noma singalinaki iqiniso elingokomlando lokuthi abaBhishobhi baye bazisekela njalo zonke izimpi ezilwiwa uhulumeni wezwe lakubo. Eqinisweni angazi nesisodwa isibonelo lapho isigungu sababhishobhi besizwe beye balahla noma iyiphi impi njengengalungile . . . Kungakhathaliseki imfundiso engokomthetho, isenzo soqobo esiye salandelwa ngabaBhishobhi bamaKatolika ngesikhathi sempi siye saba ukuthi ‘izwe lami lilungile njalo.’”—Morals and Missiles (London, 1959), eyahlelwa nguCharles S. Thompson, kk. 57, 58.

Math. 26:52: “UJesu wayesethi kuye: Buyisela inkemba yakho endaweni yayo, ngokuba bonke abaphatha inkemba bayakubhubha ngenkemba.”

1 Joh. 3:10-12: “Ngalokho kubonakala abantwana bakaNkulunkulu nabantwana bakaSathane; lowo . . . akasiye okaNkulunkulu, naye ongamthandi umzalwane wakhe. . . . Sithandane, kungabi-njengoKayini owaba-ngowomubi, wabulala umfowabo.”

Ngokucabangela lokhu osekushiwo ngaphambili, ingabe labo abathi bangabalandeli babaphostoli ngempela baye bafundisa futhi benza lokho uKristu nabaphostoli bakhe abakwenza?