Lokho IBhayibheli Elikushoyo Ngomphefumulo
“Umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.”—GENESISE 2:7.
1. Yini okudingeka siyihlole ukuze sithole lokho iBhayibheli elikufundisayo ngomphefumulo?
NJENGOBA sesibonile, izinkolelo eziphathelene nomphefumulo ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene. Ngisho nakulabo abathi bazisekele eBhayibhelini izinkolelo zabo, kunemibono ehlukahlukene ngokuthi umphefumulo uyini nokuthi kwenzekani kuwo lapho sifa. Kodwa lifundisani ngempela iBhayibheli ngomphefumulo? Ukuze sazi, kumelwe sihlole incazelo yegama lesiHeberu nelesiGreki elihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” eBhayibhelini.
“Umphefumulo” Uyisidalwa Esiphilayo
2, 3. (a) Yiliphi igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” emiBhalweni YesiHeberu, futhi lisho ukuthini leli gama ngokuyinhloko? (b) UGenesise 2:7 ukuqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi elithi “umphefumulo” lingasho umuntu ewonke?
2 Igama lesiHeberu elihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” lithi neʹphesh, futhi livela izikhathi ezingu-754 emiBhalweni YesiHeberu (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi iTestamente Elidala). Lisho ukuthini elithi neʹphesh? Ngokwe-Dictionary of Bible and Religion, “ngokuvamile lisho isidalwa esiphilayo sisonke, umuntu ewonke.”
3 Ngokwesibonelo, uGenesise 2:7 uthi: “UJehova uNkulunkulu wambumba umuntu ngomhlabathi, waphefumulela emakhaleni akhe umoya wokuphila; umuntu waba-kanjalo umphefumulo ophilayo.” Phawula ukuthi u-Adamu wayengenawo umphefumulo; wayeyiwo umphefumulo—njengoba nje nomuntu oba udokotela engudokotela. Khona-ke, igama elithi “umphefumulo” lingachaza umuntu ewonke.
4, 5. (a) Nikeza izibonelo ezibonisa ukuthi igama elithi “umphefumulo” libhekisela kumuntu ewonke. (b) I-Dictionary of Bible and Religion iyisekela kanjani incazelo yokuthi umuntu ungumphefumulo?
4 Yonke imiBhalo YesiHeberu iyayisekela le ncazelo, lapho sithola khona imishwana enjengokuthi “uma umphefumulo wona” (Levitikusi 5:1, NW), “yilowo nalowo mphefumulo owenza umsebenzi othile” (Levitikusi 23:30, NW), “uma umphefumulo ufunyanwa uthumba omunye umphefumulo” (Duteronomi 24:7, NW), “wakhathazeka umphefumulo wakhe” (AbAhluleli 16:16), “koze kube-nini nihlupha umphefumulo wami?” (Jobe 19:2) nokuthi “umphefumulo wami uyakhala ngosizi.”—IHubo 119:28.
5 Kule misho akukho zimpawu zokuthi umphefumulo uyinto ethile eyisithunzi eqhubeka iphila ngemva kokufa. “Ukuthi ‘umphefumulo’ wothandekayo uphumile uyokuba neNkosi noma ukukhuluma ‘ngomphefumulo ongafi’ ngeke kwamukeleke nhlobo [eTestamenteni Elidala],” kusho i-Dictionary of Bible and Religion.
6, 7. Yiliphi igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, futhi lisho ukuthini leli gama ngokuyinhloko?
6 Igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” izikhathi ezingaphezu kwekhulu emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki (ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi iTestamente Elisha) lithi psy·kheʹ. Njengelithi neʹphesh, leli gama ngokuvamile libhekisela kumuntu ewonke. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela lezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo: “Umphefumulo wami ukhathazekile.” (Johane 12:27) “Yonke imiphefumulo yaqala ukwehlelwa ukwesaba.” (IzEnzo 2:43) “Yonke imiphefumulo mayizithobe emagunyeni aphakeme.” (Roma 13:1) “Nikhulume ngokududuzayo nemiphefumulo ecindezelekile.” (1 Thesalonika 5:14) “Abantu abambalwa, okungukuthi, imiphefumulo eyisishiyagalombili, bathwalwa ngokuphepha emanzini.”—1 Petru 3:20.
7 Ngokusobala, elithi psy·kheʹ, njengelithi neʹphesh, libhekisela kumuntu ewonke. Ngokwesazi uNigel Turner, leli gama “lichaza lokho okuwumuntu ngempela, umuntu uqobo lwakhe, umzimba oyinyama ophefumulelwe i-rûaḥ [umoya] kaNkulunkulu. . . . Kugcizelelwa umuntu ewonke.”
8. Ingabe izilwane ziyimiphefumulo? Chaza.
8 EBhayibhelini igama elithi “umphefumulo” alisebenzi kubantu kuphela kodwa nasezilwaneni. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho echaza ukudalwa kwezidalwa zasolwandle, uGenesise 1:20 uthi uNkulunkulu wayala: “Amanzi mawagcwale uswebezane lwezilwane [lwemiphefumulo, NW] eziphilayo.” Futhi ngosuku lokudala olulandelayo, uNkulunkulu wathi: “Umhlaba mawuveze izilwane [imiphefumulo, NW] eziphilayo ngezinhlobo zazo, izinkomo, nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo, nezilo zomhlaba ngezinhlobo zazo.” (Genesise 1:24; qhathanisa noNumeri 31:28 kuyi-NW.) Ngakho, elithi “umphefumulo” lingabhekisela esidalweni esiphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singumuntu noma isilwane.
“Umphefumulo” Uwukuphila Kwesidalwa
9. (a) Iyiphi incazelo eyenabile yegama elithi “umphefumulo”? (b) Ingabe lokhu kuyangqubuzana nomqondo wokuthi umphefumulo ungumuntu ngokwakhe?
9 Ngezinye izikhathi igama elithi “umphefumulo” libhekisela ekuphileni okujatshulelwa umuntu noma isilwane. Lokhu akuyishintshi incazelo yeBhayibheli yokuthi umphefumulo ungumuntu noma isilwane. Ngokwesibonelo: Siye sithi umuntu uyaphila, sisho ukuthi ungumuntu ophilayo. Singase sithi futhi unokuphila. Ngendlela efanayo, umuntu ophilayo ungumphefumulo. Nokho, ngesikhathi esaphila, kungashiwo ukuthi “unomphefumulo.”
10. Nikeza izibonelo ezibonisa ukuthi igama elithi “umphefumulo” lingasho ukuphila okujatshulelwa umuntu noma isilwane.
10 Ngokwesibonelo, uNkulunkulu watshela uMose: “Sebafa abantu bonke abafuna [ukubulala umphefumulo wakho, NW].” (Eksodusi 4:19) Ngokusobala, izitha zikaMose zazifuna ukumbulala. Indlela efanayo yokusebenzisa elithi “umphefumulo” ibonakala kulezi zinkulumo ezilandelayo. “Sesaba kakhulu ngokuphila kwethu [“ngemiphefumulo yethu,” NW].” (Joshuwa 9:24) “Ebaleka ngenxa yemiphefumulo yawo.” (2 AmaKhosi 7:7, NW) “Olungileyo uyakunaka ukuphila [“umphefumulo,” NW] kwesilwane sakhe.” (IzAga 12:10) “INdodana yomuntu yezela ukunikela umphefumulo wayo ube isihlengo esenana abaningi.” (Mathewu 20:28) “Wasondela impela ekufeni, eneka umphefumulo wakhe engozini.” (Filipi 2:30) Endabeni ngayinye, igama elithi “umphefumulo” lisho “ukuphila.”a
11. Yini engase ishiwo ngokusebenzisa kweBhayibheli igama elithi “umphefumulo”?
11 Ngakho igama elithi “umphefumulo” njengoba lisetshenziswa eBhayibhelini libhekisela kumuntu noma esilwaneni noma ekuphileni okujatshulelwa umuntu noma isilwane. Incazelo yeBhayibheli yomphefumulo ilula, ayiguquki futhi ayiboshiwe amafilosofi ayinkimbinkimbi nezinkolelo-ze zabantu. Kodwa kwenzekani ngomphefumulo ekufeni komuntu? Ukuze siphendule lowo mbuzo, kumelwe siqale siqonde ukuthi kungani sifa.
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a EkaMathewu 10:28 nayo isebenzisa elithi “umphefumulo” isho “ukuphila.”
[Izithombe ekhasini 20]
Konke kuyimiphefumulo