Uvuko, Usuku Lokwahlulela Nokuhlubuka
AMASONTO eRoma Katolika, obuOrthodox nawobuProtestani aye afulathela amaqiniso akhanyayo eBhayibheli ngokuqondene nesimo sabafileyo nethemba lokuphila ngemva kokufa. Akhetha inkolelo yasendulo engekho emiBhalweni yokungafi komphefumulo. Njengoba sesibonile, lenkolelo yaqala eBabiloni futhi yahlelwa ngokwesimanje isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uPlato ekhulwini lesine B.C.E.
Izazi zeLobukholwa zithi yonke indoda, owesifazane nomntwana oseke waphila unomphefumulo oshiya isidumbu uma umuntu efa. Ukuze zilungisele lemfundiso, sezisungule izindawo ezinjengelimbo, isihlanzo nesihogo somlilo. Lapha kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuya imiphefumulo elahliwe engafanele e“pharadesi,” ezithi lisezulwini.
Amasonto athi futhi abafileyo abafile ngempela. Kunalokho, athi umphefumulo uyaqhubeka uphila. Ngalokho awanakufundisa imfundiso yeqiniso yeBhayibheli yovuko, echazwa njengoku“buyela ekuphileni.” Ngakho izazi zabo zezenkolo zasungula okubizwa ngokuthi uvuko lomzimba, zithi ngoSuku Lokwahlulela izidumbu zabalungile nababi ziyohlanganiswa nemiphefumulo yazo ngononina ukuze zihlanganyele intokozo yasezulwini noma isijeziso sasesihogweni somlilo. Futhi njengoba zikholelwa ukuthi “imiphefumulo” enjalo ayidingi nokulindela uSuku Lokwahlulela ukuze yabelwe “ezulwini,” “esihogweni,” noma kwezinjalo ‘izindlu zokulinda’ njenge“khaya lemiphefumulo” noma “isihlanzo,” izazi zenkolo zeLobukholwa zasungula futhi imfundiso yokwahlulelwa okubili. Okokuqala kwakho kuthiwa Ukwahlulelwa Kwabakhethiwe, okungalesikhathi “umphefumulo” okucatshangelwa ukuthi ushiya umzimba ekufeni. Okwesibili kuthiwa Ukwahlulelwa Kwabo Bonke, lokho okuthiwa kungalesikhathi imizimba “ivuswa” futhi kuthiwa ihlanganiswa futhi ne“miphefumulo” ngoSuku Lokwahlulela.
Uvuko Nokuhlubuka
Konke osekushiwo ngokusungula okungokwenkolo kwenzeka ngoba iSonto leRoma Katolika, elalandelwa amasonto obuOrthodox nawobuProtestani ezicini ezithile ezingokwesisekelo, alizange linamathele ezimfundisweni ezikhanyayo zeBhayibheli ngovuko nezindaba zalo ezihlobene zokufa, umphefumulo womuntu nokwahlulela kokugcina.
Ukuhlubuka ngokuqondene nalokhu kwaqala ekuqaleni kakhulu emlandweni wobuKristu. Kuphela isikhashana ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ngemva kokufa nokuvuka kukaKristu, umphostoli uPawulu ese-Efesu wabhalela ibandla elincane lobuKristu eKorinte, eGreece: “Kepha-ke uma uKristu eshunyayelwa ukuthi uvusiwe kwabafileyo, basho kanjani abanye phakathi kwenu [abangamaKristu agcotshiwe] ukuthi akukho ukuvuka kwabafileyo na?”—1 Kor. 15:12.
Kungase kube ukuthi amanye amaKristu uPawulu ayewabhalele ayesalokhu engaphansi kwethonya lefilosofi yamaGreki. Eminyakeni emibalwa ngaphambili uPawulu wayememezele “ivangeli ngoJesu nangokuvuka kwabafileyo” ezazini zefilosofi zamaGreki eAthene. Kodwa “kwathi bezwa ngokuvuka kwabafileyo, abanye bahleka usulu.” (IzEnzo 17:18, 32) Izazi zamaEpikhuru nezamaStoyiku zazinowazo umcabango ngokwenzeka emphefumulweni nge mva kokufa. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi yamaGreki, ezalandela uSocrates noPlato, zakholelwa ekungafini komphefumulo. Akekho kuzo owakholelwa ovukweni, njengoba lufundiswa eBhayibhelini.
Kusenokuthi futhi amanye amaKristu aseKorinte ayesebambelele kakade emibonweni yokuhlubuka ngovuko leyo umphostoli uPawulu ayeyihlabile eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambili. Khumbula ukuthi lapho uPawulu ebhalela uThimothewu, ngokunokwenzeka owayese-Efesu ngalesosikhathi, waxwayisa: “Kepha ukukhuluma kwezwe okuyize ukugweme; ngokuba bayakuqhubekela phambili ekungamesabini uNkulunkulu, nezwi labo liyakubhibha njengesilonda esibhucukayo, abaphakathi kwabo ngoHimenewu noFiletu abadukileyo manje mayelana neqiniso, bethi ukuvuka kwabafileyo sekudlulile, bechitha ukukholwa kwabanye.”—2 Thimothewu 2:16-18.
Ngokuthi “ukuvuka kwabafileyo sekudlulile,” lezizihlubuki zazingasho ukuthi amaKristu afile ayesevusiwe kakade kwabafileyo. Ngokusobala zakholelwa ukuthi amaKristu aphilayo ayesevusiwe kakade, ukuvuka kwabafileyo kumane kungokomfanekiselo, kungokwesimo esingokomoya. Zaphika noma ikuphi ukuvuka kwabafileyo kwesikhathi esizayo. Imiqondo enjalo yayi“chitha ukholo” lwabanye, ngalokho umphostoli uPawulu wakhipha isixwayiso esinamandla ngokumelene nalabo bafundisi abayizihlubuki.
Ukuhlubuka ‘Kunjengokubhibha Kwesilonda Esibhucukayo’
LoHimenewu ngokungangabazeki wayefana nomunye oshiwo uPawulu encwadini yakhe yokuqala kuThimothewu. Lomuntu wayesusiwe ekuhlanganyeleni nebandla lobuKristu. kanye nomunye uAleksandru, ngoba ‘babefelwe umkhumbi wokukholwa.’ UPawulu weluleka uThimothewu ukuba a“lwe ukulwa okuhle” ngokumelene nezihlubuki.—1 Thimothewu 1:18-20.
Lapho abaphostoli besaphila, babeka isibonelo ekulweni nokuhlubuka. Kodwa lapho bengasekho ukuze basebenze ‘njengezivikelo,’ ukwenqena kukaPawulu kwaqiniswa, futhi ‘izwi’ lezihlubuki ‘labhibha njengesilonda esibhucukayo.’—2 Thesalonika 2:3-12; IzEnzo 20:29, 30.
Imiqondo yolumsulwa uvuko olungokomfanekiselo, njengolwalufundiswa oHimenewu noFiletu e-Efesu, muva yakhuliswa amaGnostics. Phakathi nekhulu lesibili nasekuqaleni kwelesithathu C.E., amaGnostics (okuyigama lesiGreki gnoʹsis, elisho “ulwazi”) ahlanganisa ubuKristu bezihlubuki nefilosofi yamaGreki nenkolelo engenasisekelo esiphi layo yaseMpumalanga. Athi zonke izinto ziwububi futhi agcizelela ukuthi usindiso lweza ngo“lwazi” (gnoʹsis) oluyimfihlakalo kunangokholo kuKristu njengomhlengi.
Kodwa inkolelo yamaGnostics yayingelona kuphela uhlobo lokuhlubuka olwalu‘njengokubhibha kwesilonda esibhucukayo.’ Ngekhulu lesine ubuKristu beqiniso obafundiswa uKristu nabaphostoli nabafundi bakhe abathembekile base bonakaliswe ngamanye amadoda aye ‘achezuka eqinisweni.’ INew International Dictionary of New Testament Theology yemfundo ephakeme iyavuma ukuthi phakathi ne“hlelo eliqhubekayo lomlando wesonto eziningi izisusa ezithasiselwe zeBhayibheli, izithombe nemiqondo yayigxiliswe emqondweni wepharadesi.” Lesichazamazwi seBhayibheli siqhubeka sikhulume nge“qiniso lokuthi imfundiso yokungafi komphefumulo yaqala esifundweni seTestamente Elisha sesiphetho sekusasa lesintu nezwe nethemba lalo lokuvuka kwabafileyo.”
Njengoba sesibonile ngenhla nasesihlokweni esingaphambili, ukwenqatshwa kweqiniso lokufa nokwamukelwa komqondo wobuqaba wokuzisindela komphefumulo ongafi kwaholela amasonto obuKatolika nawobuOrthodox kude kakhulu nezimfundiso zeBhayibheli ezikhanyayo ngovuko nokwahlulelwa. Kwaholela emfundisweni eyenyelisa uNkulunkulu yesihogo somlilo nesihlanzo nomqondo oyize wemizimba yenyama evuselwa ukuyondiza ngokungenanjongo ezulwini noma ukuhlushwa phakade “esihogweni.”
I“silonda esibhucukayo” asimanga lapho. Emakhulwini amuva abaholi bezinguquko bamaProtestani benezela okwabo siqu ukucabangela okungekho ngokweBhayibheli ngokufa, uvuko nokwahlulela kokugcina. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, balandela imfundiso yamaKatolika yokungafi komphefumulo okuzuzwe njengefa, okwabaphoqelela futhi ukuba bamukele imfundiso yo“vuko lomzimba.” Amasonto amaningi amaProtestani afundisa futhi isihogo somlilo. Kodwa izazi zenkolo zamaProtestani futhi ziye zafakazela ezazikuqambile ngokuhlanganisa ezinye izimfundiso ezingafundiswa eBhayibhelini. Amanye amasonto eCalvinist Reform, ngokwesibonelo, afundisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wamisela kusengaphambili ukuba imiphefumulo ethile isindiswe neminye ijeziswe phakade. Amanye amaProtestani akholelwa osindisweni lwawo wonke umuntu, okungukuthi, osindisweni lokugcina lwayo yonke imiphefumulo, ngisho naleyo yababi.
Ukubambelela Eqinisweni LeBhayibheli
Ngemva kokuxwayisa ngokumelene nokuhlubuka kukaHimenewu noFiletu ngokuqondene nabo uPawulu wenezela: “Nokho isisekelo esiqinileyo sikaNkulunkulu simi, sinalo uphawu lokuthi: INkosi iyabazi abangabayo.”—2 Thimothewu 2:19.
Ngemva kokuhlola okukhulu okungokomlando kwemiqondo yokuhlubuka ngokuqondene nomphefumulo, ukufa, uvuko nokwahlulela kokugcina, futhi usukubonile ukudidaniswa kwezinkolelo zanamuhla kulezizinto ezibalulekile, yini ozoyenza? UmKristu oqotho uyoqiniseka kakhulu kunanini ngesidingo sokunamathela ‘esisekelweni esiqinile sikaNkulunkulu’ kulezizindaba, njengoba sibekwe eZwini laKhe, iBhayibheli.
Nokho, uma samukela imfundiso ekhanyayo yeBhayibheli ngomphefumulo womuntu, ngokufa novuko, ngokwezizathu ezingokomzwelo amanye amaKristu angase abe nemiqondo ngokwahlulela kokugcina engabonakala iphakamisa umusa wothando kaJehova kodwa lokho, eqinisweni, kuletha ukungabaza ekwenzeni kwakhe ngomthetho naselungelweni lakhe lokubhubhisa ababi. Ukuze kucaciswe imibuzo enjalo, izihloko ezilandelayo zizohlola okushiwo yiBhayibheli ngethemba leqiniso lovuko njengokuba lihlobene nombuso kaNkulunkulu nosuku lukaNkulunkulu lokwahlulela. Siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda.
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Lokho IBhayibheli Elikushoyo Ngomphefumulo, Ngokufa, Ngovuko Nangesahlulelo Sokugcina
Umuntu akanawo umphefumulo; UNGUMPHEFUMULO.—1 Korinte 15:45.
Umphefumulo, noma umuntu wonke, uyafa.—Hezekeli 18:4.
Ukufa kuyisitha, akuyena umngane.—1 Korinte 15:26.
Ukuphila ngemva kokufa kungenzeka kuphela ngovuko.—Johane 5:28, 29.
Umvuzo wokwethembeka uwukuphila okuphakade.—Johane 10:27, 28.
Ukwahlulelwa ngenxa yesono sangamabomu kuwukufa kwaphakade, akusikho ukuhlushwa kwaphakade.—Roma 6:23.
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Imfundiso Engokomthetho Yamasonto ELobukholwa
Isivumo Sokholo SobuKristu, esamukelwe ngokomthetho yiRoma Katolika, elaseSheshi namanye amasonto obuProtestani, sithi: “Yena [uJesu] wenyukela ezulwini, wahlala ngakwesokunene sikaYise, uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke. Uyosuka lapho azokwahlulela abaphilayo nabafileyo. Ekuzeni kwakhe bonke abantu bayovuka nemizimba yabo, futhi bayakulandisa ngemisebenzi yabo siqu. Futhi labo abenza okuhle bayongena ekuphileni okuphakade, futhi abenze okubi bangene emlilweni ongacimiyo.”
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Umbono Wesonto Ngovuko
“Uvuko lwabo bonke abantu lungafakazelwa kanzima ngokunengqondo, nakuba singase sibonise ukuvumelana [ukufaneleka] kwalo. (a) Njengoba umphefumulo unokuthandana okungokwemvelo nomzimba, ukunlukana kwawo okungapheliyo nomzimba kungabonakala kungesikho okwemvelo. (b) Njengoba umzimba ungumsizi emacaleni omphefumulo, nomngane ebumsulweni bawo, ukulunga kukaNkulunkulu kubonakala sengathi kufuna ukuba umzimba ube umhlanganyeli esijezisweni nasemvuzweni womphefumulo. (c) Njengoba umphefumulo uhlukene nomzimba ngokwemvelo awuphelele, ukupheleliswa kwenjabulo yawo, egcwaliswa yikho konke okuhle, kubonakala ukuthi kudinga uvuko lomzimba.”—Catholic Encyclopedia (Omalukeke abethu)