Imibuzo Evela Kubafundi
◼ Ingabe ukwenqaba kweBhayibheli ngegazi kungasebenza kuphela egazini eliphuma esisulwini esibulewe umuntu, hhayi enyameni engakhishwanga igazi yesilwane esizifele noma igazi eliphuma esilwaneni esiphilayo noma umuntu?
Abanye abantu baye bacabanga ngaleyondlela, bekhomba kwamo, amaKristu azimisele ukulalela uNkulunkulu futhi ahloniphe ye bacabanga ukuthi ngeke kube okungalungile ukwamukela ukumpontshelwa kwegazi lesidalwa esiphilayo. Ukucabanga okunjalo kungazwakala kuyiqiniso, kodwa ukuhlolisisa lamavesi asetshenzisiwe namanye amatekisi aqondene nalokhu kuyabonisa ukuthi uNkulunulu ulindele abantu bakhe ukuba bagweme ukungenisa igazi esidalweni esiphilayo noma esifile.
AmaIsrayeli atshelwa: “Aniyikudla-lutho lwengcuba; ungamnika umfokazi ophakathi kwamasango ukuba akudle, noma uthengise ngakho kowezizwe, ngokuba wena uyisizwe esingcwele kuJehova uNkulunkulu wakho.” (Duteronomi 14:21) Nakuba yayingakhishwanga igazi, ingcuba babengayithengisela umfokazi. Ngokungathi ukuphambana, uLevitikusi 17:10 uthi: “Yilowo nalowomuntu wendlu yakwaIsrayeli noma owabafokazi abagogobeleyo phakathi kwabo odla igazi noma yiliphi, ngiyakumisa ubuso bami bumelane nalowomuntu odla igazi, ngimqume kubantu bakubo.” Kungani kunomahluko phakathi kwalamavesi?
Ekubekeni umbono wabo, abanye baye baphikelela ukuthi uDuteronomi 14:21 wavumela umfokazi ukuba adle inyama engakhishwanga igazi uma yayivela esilwaneni esasingabulawanga umuntu, ngoba ngalesosikhathi umuntu wayengenakho ukubuyisela igazi laso (elimelele ukuphila) kuNkulunkulu. ULevitikusi 17:15 angase abonakale esekela lombono; uthi owezizwe noma umfokazi odle “ingcuba noma lokho okudweshulwe yizilo” wayemelwe nje “ageze . . . abe-ngongcolile kuze kuhlwe.” Ngakho kungase kubonakale ukuthi akukho cala elikhulu elalivela ekudleni igazi uma isilwane sasingabulawanga umuntu. Kanjalo-ke abanye bazisholo ukuthi bekungeke kube okungalungile ukuthatha igazi esidalweni esiphilayo, ulisebenzisele ukudla noma ukupompela.
Nokho, ingabe umehluko ongokwesisekelo phakathi kukaDuteronomi 14:21 noLevitikusi 17:10, 15 uyindaba yokuthi isilwane sife kanjani? Impendulo engokomBhalo kumelwe kube, nguCha.
AmaIsrayeli ayazi ukuthi ayengeke neze adle inyama equmbeleneyo yesilwane esizifele noma esasibulawe isilwane sasendle. Lapho babeseseNtabeni iSinayi batshelwa ukuba balahle inyama enjalo. (Eksodusi 22:31) UDuteronomi 14:21 uyavumelana nalokhu, ngokuqondisa amaIsrayeli eZweni lesiThembiso ukuba alahle inyama enjalo engakhishwanga igazi kodwa ewavumela ukuyithengisela abafokazi.
Manje ake sihlole ngokunakekela uLevitikusi 17:10. Uthi akungabikho “muntu wendlu yakwaIsrayeli noma owabafokazi abagogobeleyo” okumelwe adle igazi. Ingabe lokho kwakungenxa yokuthi isilwane sasibulewe umuntu futhi kanjalo igazi lalimelwe liphindiselwe kuNkulunkulu? Ukuzisholo lokho kuwukufunda evesini okwengeziwe kunalokho elikushoyo. Ngale kwalokho, uma icala laliba khona kuphela uma igazi lalivela esilwaneni esibulewe umuntu, khona uDuteronomi 14:21 noEksodusi 22:31 babe ngeke banqabele amaIsrayeli ukudla inyama engakhishwanga igazi evela ezilwaneni ezazingabulawanga abantu. Nokho amaIsrayeli ayazi ngokucacile ukuthi ayengeke ayidle inyama enjalo. UHezekeli waphawula: “Umphefumulo wami awuzange ungcoliswe, ngokuba kusukela ebusheni bami kuze kube-manje angidlanga okuzifeleyo nokudwenguliweyo.”—Hezekeli 4:14; qhathanisa no-Hez 44:31.
Kungani-ke, uDuteronomi 14:21 ethi: “Umfokazi ogogobeleyo” wayengathengiselwa inyama engakhishwanga igazi, kodwa uLevitikusi 17:10 enqabela “umfokazi ogogobeleyo” ukudla igazi? Kokubili abantu bakaNkulunkulu nabakhulumeli beBhayibheli baye baqaphela ukuthi ukwahlukanisa kumelwe ukuba kwaba ukuma okungokwenkolo komfokazi ohilelekile. IAid to Bible Understanding (ikhasi 51) ibonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi igama elithi “umfokazi ogogobele” lalisho umuntu phakathi kwamaIsrayeli owayengelona iproselithe eligcwele. Kubonakala ukuthi kushiwo uhlobo olunjalo lomuntu kuDuteronomi 14:21, umuntu owayengazami ukugcina yonke yemithetho kaNkulunkulu futhi owayengase abe nokwakhe ukusetshenziswa kwenyama eyayibhekwa njengengcolile ngamaIsrayeli namaProselithe. Abafundi abangamaJuda, nabo baye banikeza lencazelo.a
Ngakho-ke, akukho mkhulekeli kaNkulunkulu owayengadla igazi, elisenyameni lesilwane esiye sazifela noma esibulewe umuntu. Kungani, pho, uLevitikusi 17:15 ethi ukudla inyama engakhishwanga igazi yesilwane esinjalo esizifele noma esibulawe izilwane kwakumane nje kuveze ukungcola?
Singathola umkhondo kuLevitikusi 5:2, othi: “Noma umuntu ethinta into engcolileyo, noma isidumbu sesilo esingcolileyo . . ., [nakuba ebefihlelwe, usangcolile] nokho, woba necala, “NW”.” Yebo, uNkulunkulu waqaphela ukuthi umIsrayeli wayengona ngokungaqondi. Ngakho-ke, uLevitikusi 17:15 angaqondwa njengokulungiselela ukona okunjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umIsrayeli edle inyama anikwe yona abese ezwa ukuthi yayingakhishwanga igazi, wayenecala lesono. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi wayengaqondile wayengathatha izinyathelo ukuze acoceke. Lokhu, nokho, kungokuphawulekayo: Uma ayengenakuthatha lezo zinyathelo, “uyakuthwala ububi bakhe.”—Levitikusi 17:16.b
Kanjalo ukudla inyama engakhishwanga igazi kwakungeyona into encane; kwakungaphumela nasekufeni. Akukho mkhulekeli weqiniso (engumIsrayeli noma umfokazi ongumproselithe ogcwele) owayengadla ngokuzithandela inyama engakhishwanga igazi, kungenandaba noma yayingeyesilwane esizifele, esibulawe ngesinye isilwane noma esibulawe umuntu. (Numeri 15:30) Indikimba yabaphostoli yakuqinisa lokhu. Ibhalela amaKristu enza “uIsrayeli kaNkulunkulu” ongokomoya yanqabela ukudla lokho okwakuklinyiwe, noma inyama engakhishwanga igazi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngeyesilwane esasife ngokuklinywa okungengozi noma esiklinywe umuntu.—Galathiya 6:16; IzEnzo 21:25.
Leyondikimba yabuye yeluleka izinceku zikaNkulunkulu ukuba ‘ziyeke igazi.’ Uma lawomaKristu agcotshiwe ayengeke adle igazi enyameni yesidalwa esiklinyiwe, ngokuqinisekile babengeke badle igazi lesidalwa esiphilayo. Akunzima ukubona ukuthi akukho maIsrayeli asendulo noma amaKristu alalelayo abengalingisa abesizwe sabaNsundu abaciba umcibisholo emsundulweni wenkomo ephilayo ukuze bathole igazi abalixubanisa nobisi futhi baliphuze. Ngokufanayo, izinceku zikaNkulunkulu bezingeke zamukela umkhuba wezemithi lapho izingxenye zegazi labantu zikhishwa futhi zinikezwe njengokumpompela kuhloswe ukwelula ukuphila. Imikhuba enjalo iphambene nokulahla kukaNkulunkulu noma ubani “odla igazi noma yiliphi” futhi nomyalo wokuthi amaKristu ‘ayeke igazi.’—IzEnzo 15:28, 29; Levitikusi 17:10.
Naphezu kokucindezela ukuze kululazwe izimfundiso zikaNkulunkulu, amaKristu eqiniso ayazi ukuthi ukuphila kuyisipho esivela kuJehova uNkulunkulu futhi kumelwe kusetshenziswe njengoba yena eqondisa. Balalela uNkulunkulu noma kubonakala kulusizo ngokomzimba manje noma qha. Ngokwesibonelo, izEnzo 15:28, 29 ziyala amaKristu ukuba ayeke ukukhulekela izithombe. Ngakho-ke umkhulekeli weqiniso osatshiswe ngokufa uma enqaba ukuhlanganyela ekukhulekeleni izithombe angeke agomele ukuthi njengoba “isithombe siyize,” akafanele ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe kwamanje ngenxa nje yesifanekiso. (1 Korinte 8:4) AmaHeberu amathathu athembekile abeka isibonelo esifanelekile sokulalela, njengoba kwenza amaKristu akuqala lawo amukela ukufa enkundleni kunokuba abeke impepho ealtare.—Daniyeli 3:1-18.
Ngokufanayo, uma inkinga iphakama ngokuphathelene negazi, njengesikhathi sengozi noma ukuhlinzwa kubanga ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu, umKristu ngeke avumelane ngokungeyikho ngobuqotho bakhe. Ulalela uMniki-kuphila wakhe ngokuqiniseka okugcwele ukuthi uma, naphezu kokungcono kakhulu ukwelapha kwezemithi okwehlukile, ukuphila kwakhe kulahleka, ukuphila kwakhe kwaphakade akufakwanga engozini. UJesu watshela abalandeli bakhe: “Ningabesabi ababulala umzimba bengenamandla okubulala umphefumulo, kepha kakhulu mesabeni onamandla okubhubhisa nomphefumulo nomzimba esihogweni [egehena, “NW”.]”—Mathewu 10:28.
Eqinisweni, ubufakazi bamuva bezemithi buyabonisa ukuthi ukumpontshelwa kwegazi ngokuvamile akuyona imfuneko yokusindisa umuntu, ngoba odokotela abanokuhlangenwe nakho bafakaza ukuthi okungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sakho okuvamile kungasebenza nakho ezimweni eziningi kakhulu. Kungase ngisho kucatshangwe ukuthi inani labantu ababengagcinwa bephila kuphela ngokumpontshelwa kwegazi lingathithi lincane kunalelo lalabo abaye bafa ngokulimala okuvela ekumpontshelweni. Noma kusiphi isimo, amaKristu azimisele ukulalela uNkulunkulu futhi ahloniphe umbono wakhe ngegazi.
Ngokomphumela, abakhulekeli beqiniso namuhla abayikuyidla inyama engakhishwanga igazi, noma eyesilwane omunye umuntu asibulele noma eyesidalwa esife ngenye indlela. Abayikusekela ukuphila kwabo ngokungenisa igazi lezidalwa eziphilayo, izilwane noma abantu. Baqaphela uJehova njengoMniki-kuphila wabo futhi bazimisele ukumlalela kuzo zonke izimo.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Njengesibonelo esisodwa, iThe Pentateuch and Haftorahs, ehlelwe nguDr. J. Hertz, iyaphawula: “NgokukaLev. XVII, 15, ukuthinta noma ukudla inyama yenevelah kuyangcolisa kokubili kumIsrayeli na‘kowezizwe’ [noma umfokazi ogogobele].’ KuLevitikusi ‘owezizwe’ wayesho ongeyena umIsrayeli owayeye waba yiproselithe ngomqondo ogcwele wegama, iger tzedek. Lapha [kuDuteronomi 14:21] u‘mfokazi ophakathi kwamasango akho’ ubhekisela esikhathini lapho uIsrayeli eyobe ezinzile eZweni lakhe futhi phakathi kwakhe wayengenakuba namaproselithe kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu labo lapho sebelahle ukukhulekela izithombe abangazange bathathe ukuphila nemikhuba engokwenkolo yomIsrayeli. ORabi babebiza lesisigaba sabafokazi abagogobele ngokuthi ger toshav: futhi [uDuteronomi 14:21] ubhekisela kulesosigaba sababengewona amaIsrayeli ngokuzalwa noma ngokuphenduka, noma ‘abezizwe.’ Ngokuqhathanisa, lomsebenzi uchaza ukuthi ‘umfokazi’ kaLevitikusi 17:15 waye“liproselithe eligcwele, . . . uma kungenjalo, wayengavinjelwe ekuyidleni.”
b Sithola ukufana okufundisayo kwenye ingxenye yoMthetho ehilela igazi: Indoda eyayiba nobuhlobo bobulili nomkayo njengoba eqala ukugeza ingaqaphele yayingcolile, kepha yayingathatha izinyathelo ukuze ixolelwe. Nokho, umIsrayeli owayenganaki ngamabomu igazi lokugeza komkakhe wayenqunywa.—Levitikusi 15:19-24, 20:18.