‘Ukungenisa Ngasese Izimfundiso Ezibhubhisayo’
“Nakinina kuzakuba-khona abafundisi bamanga abazakungenisa ngasese izifundiso zamanga ezibhubhisayo.”—2 PETRU 2:1.
1, 2. (a) Ayeyini wonke amasonto eLobukholwa ekuqaleni? (b) Ngakho-ke imiphi imibuzo okufanele siyicabangele?
WONKE amasonto eLobukholwa ekuqaleni ayengamahlelo. Amanye alawa—ikakhulukazi iSonto lamaRoma namasonto esizwe obuOrthodox nawobuProthestani—athi angawokuqala kwezinye izinkolo ezithi zingamaKristu, lezo azibiza ngokuthi amabandla oqhekeko. Lamaqiniso angokomlando aye anikezwa ezihlokweni ezimbili ezandulelayo.
2 Nokho, abanye bangase babuze: ‘Ingabe ukuhlubuka ebuKristwini beqiniso empeleni kwabikezelwa uJesu Kristu nabaphostoli bakhe abathembekile? Ingabe baxwayisa ngokulandela abantu abadala amahlelo? Eminyakeni engamakhulu ayi-19 edlule, ingabe kwakudingekile ngempela ngabalandeli bakaJesu beqiniso ukuba baqaphele imikhuba enjalo ehlukanisayo? Futhi ingabe ukuqapha okufanayo kuyadingeka namuhla?’
Umkhuba Wokuqala Wokwakha Amahlelo
3, 4. (a) Isiphi isixwayiso uJesu asinikeza, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthini maqondana nobuKristu beqiniso? (b) Isiphi isixwayiso esifanayo uPetru asinikeza?
3 ENtshumayelweni yakhe yaseNtabeni, uJesu wathi: “Ngenani ngesango elincane; ngokuba isango libanzi nendlela inkulu eyisa ekubhujisweni; baningi abangena khona. Kepha isango lincane nendlela iyingcingo eyisa ekuphileni; bayingcosana abayifumanayo. Xwayani abaprofethi bamanga abeza kini bembathisé okwezimvu, kepha ngaphakathi bayizimpisi eziphangayo. Niyakubazi ngezithelo zabo.” (Mathewu 7:13-16) Cha, uJesu Kristu akashongo ukuthi ubuKristu beqiniso babuyoba inkolo enkulu, elula, yendawo yonke, noma “ubukatolika,” efanelana “nabaningi.” Babuyoba indlela enzima, ecinene, etholwa “abayingcosana” kuphela. Laba “abayingcosana” baxwayiswa ngokuthi “abaprofethi bamanga” ababonakala bengenangozi babeyozama ukubadukisa ukuba bahambe ngendlela “enkulu” “eyisa ekubhujisweni.”
4 Eminyakeni engaphezu kwama-30 kamuva umphostoli uPetru wabhala: “Kepha kwavela nabaprofethi bamanga phakathi kwesizwe [sakwaIsrayeli], njengoba nakini [maKristu] kuzakuba-khona abafundisi bamanga abazakungenisa ngasese izifundiso zamanga ezibhubhisayo, bephika noMbusi owabathengayo, bezilethela ukubhujiswa okusheshayo; nabaningi bayakulandela amanyala abo; ngenxa yabo indlela yeqiniso iyakuhlanjalazwa; nangokufisa bayakuthengiselana ngani ngamazwi obuqili.”—2 Petru 2:1-3.
5. Zaqala nini ukuvela “izimpisi” eziyizihlubuki, futhi ‘zangenisa kanjani ngasese izifundiso ezibhubhisayo’?
5 “Indlela yeqiniso,” indlela “eyisa ekuphileni,” iyindlela yobuKristu beqiniso. “Abaprofethi bamanga,” noma “abafundisi bamanga,” bayizihlubuki ‘eziyizimpisi ezimbathise okwezimvu’ ezaqala ukuba khona phakathi kwamaKristu okuqala ngisho nangaphambi kokufa kwabaphostoli bakaJesu. (1 Johane 2:18, 19; 4:1-3) Umphostoli uPawulu wanikeza futhi isixwayiso nge“zimpisi ezihahayo.” Wazichaza njengamadoda ‘ayezakuvuka futhi akhulume okudukisayo, ahunge abafundi ukubalandela.’ (IzEnzo 20:29, 30) Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lokuqala kuye phambili, labafundisi bamanga ‘bangenisa ngasese izimfundiso ezibhubhisayo,’ bethengiselana ngamaKristu akuqala “ngamazwi obuqili.” Ngenxa yalezihlubuki, “indlela yeqiniso,” ubuKristu beqiniso, ‘yahlanjalazwa.’
Amanye Amahlelo Okuqala
6. Incwadi yesAmbulo ibonisa kanjani ukuthi amahlelo ezihlubuki ayesevelile kakade ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala, futhi kungani uKristu ayewazonda?
6 EsAmbulweni esamukelwa umphostoli uJohane cishe ngo-96 C.E., ubhala uchungechunge lwezigijimi eziphefumlelwe phezulu ezibonisa isimo esingokomoya esasivamile ngalesosikhathi phakathi kwamabandla obuKristu futhi ezazingaphinda zenzeke kuwo wonke umlando. Ezimbili zalezizigijimi zembula ukuba khona kwamahlelo ezihlubuki lawo ayezondwa uKristu, inhloko yebandla leqiniso lobuKristu. Ngokusobala, okungenani elilodwa lalamahlelo lalivumela ukukhonza izithombe nobufebe.—IsAmbulo 2:6, 14, 15.
7. Izincwadi zikaPawulu zibonisa kanjani ukuthi ukulwa nokuveza amahlelo kakade kwase kuqhubeka osukwini lwakhe?
7 Izincwadi eziningana zikamphostoli uPawulu, ezabhalwa ngaphambidlana kakhulu, zibonisa ukuthi kakade kwakumelwe alwe nokuthambekela kokwakha amahlelo. Encwadini yakhe yokuqala kumaKristu eKorinte, uPawulu wasola ukuthambekela kwawo kokulandela abantu, ngoba kwaphumela ‘ekuphikisaneni’ “nokwahlukana.” (1 Korinte 1:10-13; 3:1-4) Wabonisa ukukhathalela okufanayo encwadini yakhe kwabaseGalathiya (1:6-9; 5:19-21), kuThithu (3:9, 10) nakuThimothewu.—1 Thimothewu 1:3-7; 4:1-3; 6:20, 21; 2 Thimothewu 4:3, 4.
8. Yini amaGnostics ayeyikholelwa, futhi kungani enza “indlela yeqiniso” ukuba ‘ihlanjalazwe’?
8 Ezinye izazi zeBhayibheli zinombono wokuthi encwadini kaPawulu yokuqala kwabaseKorinte, futhi ikakhulukazi, encwadini yakhe kwabase-Efesu nakwabaseKolose, wasebenzisa ngamabomu amagama athile esiGreki (njengelithi gnoʹsis, ulwazi, nelithi pleʹro.ma, ukugcwala) ukuze aphikise inkolelo yokuthi inkululeko itholakala ngolwazi oluyimfihlo. Nakuba kwakungase kube njalo, uPawulu ngokuqinisekile wayelwa nemiqondo yezihlubuki leyo kamuva eyathuthukiswa amahlelo amaGnostic. AmaGnostic, lawo achuma ngekhulu lokuqala C.E., ayembaxambili, ekholelwa ukuthi yonke into imbi nokuthi umoya muhle. Ayebambelele ekutheni ukusindiswa kutholakala “ngolwazi” (gnoʹsis) oluyimfihlakalo. Inkolelo yawo yokuthi umzimba wenyama wonakele yawaholela kolunye lwezinhlangothi ezimbili zokweqisa: inkolo yokuzila noma ukuzitika kokwenyama. Leliqembu lenkolo okwakuthiwa lingamaKristu lenza okuningi okwabangela ukuba “indlela yeqiniso” ‘ihlanjalazwe.’
9. Yisho futhi uchaze amanye amahlelo okuqala obuKristu bezihlubuki.
9 Phakathi kwamanye amahlelo okuqala kwakungamaMarcionites, abalandeli bakaMarcion, indodana “yombhishobhi” wobuKristu bezihlubuki eAsia Minor. UMarcion wayekholelwa konkulunkulu ababili, uNkulunkulu ongaphelele we“Testamente Elidala” noNkulunkulu wothando owembulwe “eTestamenteni Elisha,” noma, kulezozingxenye zalo azamukela (eminye imibhalo kaPawulu noLuka). Elinye ihlelo lekhulu lesibili kwakungamaMontanist. UMontanus “wayengumprofethi” waseAsia Minor owashumayela ukuza kwesibili kukaKristu okuseduze nokumiswa kweJerusalema Elisha ePepuza, eduze nomuzi wanamuhla waseAnkara, eTurkey. Wagxeka futhi amandla akhulayo nokuxekethisa ekuziphatheni kwesigaba sabefundisi bobuKristu bezihlubuki. UTertullian waba umMontanist. Ezinye izinhlangano ezimbili ezimelene nokuziphatha okuxekethile phakathi kwababebizwa ngokuthi amaKristu futhi ezimelene nokuba nomusa ezihlubukini kwakungamaNovatians ekhulu lesithathu namaDonatists ekhulu lesine. Nokho, womabili lamahlelo aqembukayo amukela amaphutha ayinhloko emfundiso yamasonto amadala.
“Umuntu Ongenamthetho” Uyahleleka
10. Obani okumelwe bahlanganiswe phakathi “kwabafundisi bamanga” ‘abangenisa ngasese izifundiso ezibhubhisayo’?
10 Wonke lamahlelo, namanye angashiwongo, ayizinhlobonhlobo zobuKristu bezihlubuki. Kodwa amadoda awaqamba ayengebona ukuphela “kwabafundisi bamanga” ‘abangenisa izimfundiso ezibhubhisayo.’ (2 Petru 2:1-3) UPetru wabikezela futhi ukuthi ‘abaningi babeyolandela izenzo zabo zokuziphatha okubi.’ Sesiye sabona ukuthi amanye alamahlelo okuqala ayeqanjwe ukuba amelane nokuziphatha okuxekethile kwesigaba esiphakeme sabefundisi. Ngakho labobefundisi kumelwe babalwe phakathi “kwabafundisi bamanga” namasonto abo abhekwe ‘njengamahlelo enkolo abhubhisayo.’
11. Isiphi isigaba esisha esasiqala ukuziphakamisa, futhi uPawulu wayekubikezele kanjani lokhu?
11 Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, wonke lamahlelo ezihlubuki ayelwela ubukhulu. Ngalinye lalifuna ukucatshangelwa njengesonto okuwukuphela kwalo “elingeleqiniso,” “lobuphostoli” ‘nelobukatolika (lomhlaba wonke),’ futhi, ngenxa yalokho, aphatha amanye njengamahlelo ezihlubuki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi kwamasonto amakhulu nanamandla kakhulu, isigaba sabefundisi sasifuna ukuziphakamisa ngaphezu komhlambi. Ekhuluma ngalokhu kuhlubuka nokuvela kwesigaba esibusayo sabefundisi, umphostoli uPawulu wabhala: “Makungabikho-muntu onikhohlisayo nangayiphi indlela; ngokuba [usuku lukaJehova] aluyikufika, kungakaveli kuqala ukuhlubuka, kwambulwe umuntu ongenamthetho, indodana yokulahlwa, omelana nakho konke, nozikhukhumeza phezu kwakho konke okuthiwa uNkulunkulu noma into ekhonzwayo, aze azihlalise ethempelini likaNkulunkulu ezishaya uNkulunkulu.”—2 Thesalonika 2:2-4.a
12. (a) Uyini “umuntu ongenamthetho,” futhi lo“muntu” wambulwa nini ngokugcwele? (b) Yiziphi izinyathelo ezaholela ekukhuleni okugcwele kwesigaba sabefundisi? (c) Chaza isimiso sokubusa enkolweni.
12 Lokhu kuhlubuka ‘kwase kusebenza kakade’ ngosuku lukaPawulu. Nokho, kwembulwa ngokugcwele kuphela ngemva kokufa kwabaphostoli bakaJesu beqiniso, lapho ‘okubambezela’ ukuba khona kwakho kususwa. (2 Thesalonika 2:6, 7) Kancane kancane, isigaba sabefundisi saqala ukuvela. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesibili C.E., uIgnatius, “umbhishobhi” waseAntiyokiya, wabhala ngokubusa kwezigaba ezintathu kwababhishobhi, abapristi namadiyakoni. “Umuntu ongenamthetho” wayeseqala ukwakheka. Kodwa “ufata wesonto” okunguyena ngempela owaqala ukuhlela isigaba sabefundisi saba yisimiso sokubusa kwakunguCyprian, “umbhishobhi” waseCarthage, eNyakatho Afrika, owafa ngo-258 C.E. IDictionnaire de Théologie Catholique egunyaziwe ithi uCyprian waqalisa ukubusa okunezigaba eziyisikhombisa, isikhundla esiphakeme kungesombhishobhi. Ngaphansi kwakhe kwakunabapristi, amadikoni, amadikoni angaphansi, izikhonzi, abafundi nababhuli. Isigaba sesishiyagalombili—umlindisango—sanezelwa kamuva eSontweni laseNtshonalanga, laseLatin, noma lamaRoma, kanti iSonto laseMpumalanga, lamaGreki, lahlala linezigaba ezinhlanu zokubusa. Kanjalo, ngekhulu lesithathu C.E., “umuntu ongenamthetho” oyinhlanganisela, isigaba sabefundisi abahlubuka ebuKristwini, “wembulwa” ngokugcwele. Uye waqhubeka njalo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kuwo wonke amasonto namahlelo eLobukholwa lawo anenkonzo ekhethekile noma isigaba sabefundisi.
“Izifundiso Ezibhubhisayo” Esikhathini Sokuphela
13. Kungaziphi izindlela ezimbili amahlelo eLobukholwa azibonisa ngazo enga“bhubhisayo”?
13 NgesiGreki sakuqala, amazwi kaPetru athi “izifundiso ezibhubhisayo” ngokuqondile asho “amahlelo embubhiso.” Lamazwi anokubaluleka okukabili. Amahlelo namasonto eLobukholwa aye abonakala engabhubhisa ubuKristu obumsulwa, “indlela yeqiniso.” Futhi ‘angamahlelo embubhiso’ ngokuthi abefundisi bawo bamanga ba“zilethela ukubhujiswa okusheshayo” nalabo ‘abalandela amanyala abo.’ UPetru uyanezela: “Abakulahlwa kwabo [abafundisi bamanga] kwamandulo akulibali nokubhujiswa kwabo akozeli.” (2 Petru 2:1-3) Lokho “kubhujiswa okusheshayo” kuyobafikela “osizini olukhulu” olusondela ngokushesha.—Mathewu 24:21.
14. “Umuntu ongenamthetho” uyobhujiswa nini, futhi ukubhujiswa okunjalo kuyobonakalisani?
14 Ukubonisa ukuthi “umuntu ongenamthetho” oyizingxenye eziningi akanakubhujiswa kuze kube ngesikhathi “sokuba khona” kukaKristu, umphostoli uPawulu wabhala: “Lapho-ke uzakwambulwa lowo ongenamthetho, eyakumqeda iNkosi uJesu Kristu ngomoya womlomo wayo, imchithe ngokubonakala [kokuba-khona, NW, pa.rou.sías] kwayo.” (2 Thesalonika 2:8) Yebo, ukubhujiswa kwesigaba sabefundisi so“muntu ongenamthetho,” kanye nawo wonke umbuso waseBabiloni wenkolo kaSathane, kuyofika njengoku“bonakala” okuphawulekayo “kokuba-khona” kukaKristu, kubonisa kumngane nesitha ngokufanayo ukuthi iNkosi uJesu ikhona ngokungabonakali nokuthi “usizi olukhulu” olwabikezelwa seluqalile.
Isixwayiso KumaKristu Eqiniso
15. Isiphi isixwayiso kumaKristu esisemfanekisweni kaJesu wamabele nokhula?
15 Umfanekiso kaJesu wamabele nokhula wabonisa ukuthi amasonto namahlelo “okhula,” noma amaKristu ayizihlubuki, ayeyovunyelwa ukuba akhule phakathi namakhulu. Kuse“kupheleni kwezwe” kuphela lapho umehluko okhanyayo wawuzobonakala khona phakathi kwalamaKristu mbumbulu “nabantwana bombuso” beqiniso, “amabele.” (Mathewu 13:24-30, 37-40) Nokho, umfanekiso kaJesu unesixwayiso futhi kumaKristu eqiniso, noma “abantwana bombuso” abagcotshiwe noma abangane babo. UJesu wathi: “Indodana yomuntu iyakuthuma izingelosi zayo, zibuthe, zikhiphe embusweni wayo konke okukhubekisayo nabenza okubi, zibaphonse eziko lomlilo; lapho kuyakuba-khona ukukhala nokugedla amazinyo.”—Mathewu 13:41, 42.
16. (a) Imuphi umsebenzi wokwehlukanisa oye waqhubeka kusukela ngo-1919? (b) Isiphi isixwayiso esengeziwe abaphostoli abasinikeza, futhi ikuphi ukukhulumela uJuda akunezela?
16 “Amabele” aye ahlukaniswa ‘okhuleni’ kwezenkolo kusukela ngo-1919. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kusukela ngalesosikhathi izingelosi zeNdodana yomuntu aziqhubekanga noku‘buthela ngaphandle embusweni wakhe zonke izinto ezikhubekisayo nabantu abenza okubi.’ UJuda usikhumbuza ukuthi “abaphostoli beNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu” banikeza isixwayiso esilandelayo: “Ngesikhathi sokugcina kuyakuba-khona abahleka usulu, behamba ngezinkanuko zabo zokungamesabi uNkulunkulu.” Futhi uJuda wanezela: “Yilabo abaveza ukwahlukana.”—Juda 17-19.
17. Yini uJesu ayisho maqondana ne“nceku embi”?
17 Lokho u Jesu athi kwakuyokwenzeka kwabeqa umthetho ‘abakhubekisayo’ kusikhumbuza lokho akusho kamuva ngalabo abenqaba ukuqaphela “inceku ethembekileyo neqondayo,” isigaba “samabele” samaKristu agcotshiwe uKristu ‘awamisa phezu kwakho konke anakho.’ UJesu waxwayisa: “Kodwa uma leyonceku embi ithi enhliziyweni yayo: Inkosi yami ilibele, iqale ukushaya izinceku ezikanye nayo, idle, iphuze nezidakwa, inkosi yaleyonceku iyakufika ngosuku engayibhekile ngalo nangehora engalaziyo, iyinqamule kabili, iyimisele isabelo sayo kanye nabazenzisi; kuyakuba-khona lapho ukukhala nokugedla amazinyo.”—Mathewu 24:45-51.
18. (a) Abanye namuhla bazibonisa kanjani izimpawu ze“nceku embi”? (b) Siyokuba njani isiphelo sabo uma beqhubeka bebanga “ukwahlukana”?
18 Namuhla abathile abangathembekile babonakalisa izimpazu “zenceku embi” ngokuthi enhliziyweni yabo, “Inkosi yami ilibele.” Bazihlanganisa “nabahleka usulu” abathi: “Siphi isithembiso sokufika kwakhe na?” (2 Petru 3:1-7) Njengoba uJuda axwayisa, bazama ukubanga “ukwahlukana.” (Juda 19) Ngokugxeka isigaba se“nceku ethembekileyo neqondayo” abaqala kuso ukuthola ulwazi lwabo nge“ndlela yeqiniso,” ‘baqala ukushaya izinceku ezikanye nabo.’ Kodwa uma bephikelela esimweni sabo esihlukanisayo, ngesikhathi esifanele izingelosi ziba‘buthela ngaphandle, futhi ‘bamiselwe isabelo sabo nabazenzisi’ beLobukholwa. ‘Lapho kuyakuba khona ukukhala nokugedla amazinyo,’ ngesinye isikhathi ngokuveza izikhalo emaphephandabeni ezwe.
19. (a) Yini uPawulu ayisho ngama“maqembu” phakathi kwabantu bakaNkulunkulu? (b) Singazibona kanjani ukuthi ‘singabantu abavunyelwe’?
19 Lokhu kusikhumbuza lokho uPawulu akubhalela abaseKorinte: “Ngokuba kumelwe kube-khona amaqembu phakathi kwenu ukuba abaqinisileyo phakathi kwenu babonakale.” (1 Korinte 11:19) Yebo, uma kukhona namuhla abazama “ukungenisa ngasese izifundiso ezibhubhisayo” phakathi koFakazi BakaJehova, lokhu kunikeza ithuba elihle ngamaKristu athembekile ukuba azibonakalise ‘engabantu abavunyelwe’ uNkulunkulu noKristu. Angakwazi futhi kumelwe abonise ukuthi ayabazisa ubunye beqiniso bobuKristu. Lobubunye kuzoxoxwa ngabo esihlokweni esilandelayo.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Ukuze uthole ingxoxo egcwele “yomuntu ongenamthetho,” siza ubheke isahluko 18 sencwadi God’s Kingdom of a Thousand Years Has Approached, eyakhishwa yiWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
Uyakhumbula?
□ Kwaqala nini ukuhlubuka kweLobukholwa futhi kanjani?
□ Obani noma yini “engumuntu ongenamthetho”?
□ Kungaziphi izindlela amasonto eLobukholwa ‘engabhubhisayo’?
□ Isiphi isixwayiso uJesu asinikeza nge“nceku embi”?
[Isithombe ekhasini 12]
UJesu waxwayisa ngokuthi abaprofethi bamanga banjengezimpisi ezimbathisa okwezimvu
[Isithombe ekhasini 15]
AmaKristu amanga anjengo“khula” olufanelwe ukubhujiswa kuphela