Ingabe Bakufakazele Ukuthi IBhayibheli Linamanga?

INGABE ososayensi nabacusumbuli beBhayibheli ngempela bakufazele ukuthi iBhayibheli liqukethe amaphutha nezinganekwane? Ngaphambi kokuba uvume ukuthi bakufakazele, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi nakuba izazi eziningi zibeka imibono yazo ngendlela yokuqiniseka nenegunya, azikhulumi into eqondile njalo. Ngokuvamile imibono yazo isekelwe ezisekelweni ezintengantengayo.

Imibono Ecatshangelwe Engabazisayo

Njengesibonelo samazwi azwakala enegunya ashiwo omunye umcusumbuli weBhayibheli, cabanga ngalokho uS. R. Driver akusho ngencwadi kaDaniyeli. Ngokomlando, lencwadi ibibhekwa njengeyabhalwa uDaniyeli ngokwakhe eBabiloni ngekhulu leminyaka lesithupha B.C.E. (Daniyeli 12:8, 9) Kodwa uDriver wathi yabhalwa kamuva kakhulu kunalokho. Ngani? Obunye “ubufakazi” obanikezwa babuwukuthi lencwadi iqukethe amagama esiGreki, uDriver wagomela: “Kungashiwo ngesibindi ukuthi lamagama ayengenakusetshenziswa eNcwadini kaDaniyeli ngaphandle kokuba yabhalwa ngemva kokufika kwamathonya obuGreki eAsia ngokunqoba kuka-Alexander Omkhulu.” UAlexander wanqoba cishe ngo-330 B.C.E.

Awekho amazwi ayengaba iqiniso ukwedlula akaDriver. Nokho, ukuze awasekele, uphawula amagama esiGreki amathathu kuphela, wonke angamagama ezinsimbi zomculo. (Daniyeli 3:5) Njengoba amaGreki ayesondelene eduze nentshonalanga yeAsia kusukela kudala emlandwini ogciniwe, umuntu angagomela kanjani ngokuzwakalayo ngokuthi izinsimbi zomculo ezinamagama esiGreki zazingasetshenziswa eBabiloni ekhulwini leminyaka lesithupha C.E.? Yeka isisekelo esintengantengayo sokungabaza isikhathi nokubhalwa kwencwadi kaDaniyeli!

Esinye isibonelo yindlela ezisingathwa ngayo izincwadi ezinhlanu zokuqala zeBhayibheli. Ngokomlando, lezi kuthiwa ingxenye enkulu yazo yabhalwa uMose cishe ngo-1500 B.C.E. Nokho, abacusumbuli bathi babona izindlela ezihlukene zokubhala kulezincwadi. Futhi, baphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kubhekiselwa kuNkulunkulu ngegama lakhe, elithi Jehova, ngezinye izikhathi ngegama lesiHeberu elisho “uNkulunkulu.” Ezicini ezinjalo, baphetha ngokuthi lezincwadi zeBhayibheli eqinisweni ziyinhlanganisela yezincwadi ezabhalwa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zenziwa isimo ezagcina ziyiso esikhathini esithile ngemva kuka-537 B.C.E.

Lombono kukholelwa kuwo kabanzi, nokho akekho oye wachaza ukuthi kungani uMose ayengenakubhekisela kuMdali ngakho kokubili ukuthi uNkulunkulu nangokuthi uJehova. Akekho oye wakufakazela ukuthi wayengenakubhala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene uma esingethe izindaba ezihlukahlukene, ebhala ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ekuphileni kwakhe, noma esebenzisa imithombo yangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uJohn Romer asho encwadini yakhe ethi Testament—The Bible and History: “Isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuyiphikisa lendlela yokuhlaziya siwukuthi kuze kube namuhla akuzange kutholakale ngisho nesisodwa isicucu esifakazela ukuba khona kwaleyomicu ecatshangelwayo yemibhalo ehlukahlukene ethandwa kangaka izazi zanamuhla.”

Ukucabangela okuyisisekelo kwabacusumbuli abaningi beBhayibheli kuchazwe iCyclopedia kaMcClintock noStrong: “Abahloli . . . baqala ekucabangeleni ukuthi amaqiniso omlando ayisizinda sezindaba angamaqiniso angokwemvelo ngokuphelele, afanayo ngemvelo namaqiniso esiwaziyo namuhla. . . . Ingabe umbhali usibika njengesiyiqiniso isenzakalo esingavumelani nemithetho yeMvelo eyaziwayo? Khona-ke . . . lesosenzakalo esibikwayo asenzekanga.”

Kanjalo, abaningi bathi akunakwenzeka ukuthi izimangaliso zenzeka, njengoba zingavumelani nemithetho yemvelo eyaziwayo. Ngokufanayo, iziprofetho ezigcwaliseka ngemva kwesikhathi eside azinakwenzeka, njengoba abantu bengenakusazi isikhathi esikude esizayo. Noma isiphi isimangaliso kumelwe ukuba siyinganekwane noma insumansumane. Noma isiphi isiprofetho esagcwaliseka ngokucacile kumelwe ukuba sabhalwa ngemva kokugcwaliseka kwaso.a Ngakho, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi iziprofetho zencwadi kaDaniyeli zagcwaliseka ngekhulu leminyaka lesibili B.C.E. nokuthi kumelwe-ke ukuthi lencwadi yabhalwa ngalesosikhathi.

Kodwa loluhlobo lokucabangela luxhomeke endabeni yokholo: ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, noma, uma ekhona, akangeneli emlandwini wabantu. Ngokuqinisekile, umongo walo lonke iBhayibheli uwukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona nokuthi uyasebenza emlandwini wabantu. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso—futhi ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kuyiqiniso—ingxenye enkulu yesisekelo sokucusumbulwa kwanamuhla kweBhayibheli iba yize.

Ingabe Isayensi Yanamuhla Ilibonakalise Linephutha IBhayibheli?

Nokho, kuthiwani ngokuthi isayensi ibonisé ukuthi asinakulikholelwa iBhayibheli? Iqiniso liwukuthi, lapho iBhayibheli lithinta lokho esikubiza ngokuthi isayensi, ezikhathini eziningi elikushoyo kuyavumelana nalokho ososayensi banamuhla abakufundisayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, iBhayibheli linikeza imiyalo ewusizo kakhulu ephathelene nenhlanzeko nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Incwadi iManual of Tropical Medicine ithi: “Akekho ongeke ahlatshwa umxhwele iziyalezo zokuphepha zezempilo zangenkathi kaMose. . . . Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo kwakulula kakhulu—[okungukuthi] izifo ezihlala isikhathi esifushane, ezibizwa ngokuthi ‘izinhlupho’; nezifo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezihambisana nokuqubuka okuthile, ezibizwa ngokuthi ‘uchoko’—kodwa imithetho eqine ngokwedlulele yokuhlukaniswa kwabagulayo nabaphilayo cishe yayenza okuhle kakhulu.”

Futhi, cabanga ngamazwi eBhayibheli: “Yonke imifula iyangena elwandle, kepha ulwandle alugcwali; endaweni eya kuyo imifula, ibuye iye khona njalo.” (UmShumayeli 1:7) Lokhu kuzwakala njengencazelo yomjikelezo wamanzi etholakala ezincwadini namuhla. Imifula ichithela amanzi olwandle, lapho ehwamuka khona bese ethwalwa phezu kwezwe esengamafu, ukuze awe eseyimvula noma iqhwa aphinde ageleze abuyele emifuleni.

Ngokufanayo, isiphetho sososayensi sokuthi izintaba ziyakhuphuka zibuye zehle nokuthi ngesinye isikhathi izintaba zanamuhla zazingaphansi kwezilwandle zasendulo sivumelana namazwi omhubi asankondlo: “Amanzi ayengaphezu kwezintaba. Izintaba zenyuka, amathafa asezigodini ehla—kwaya endaweni okumisele yona.”—IHubo 104:6, 8, NW.

Omunye umbhali wagomela ngokuthi: “Bonke ababhali beTestamente Elidala babecabanga ukuthi umhlaba uyisithebe esiyisicaba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi babebhekisela ezinsikeni okwakuthiwa ziyawusekela.” Nokho, lokhu akulona iqiniso. UIsaya wakhuluma ‘ngohlezi esiyengelezini somhlaba.’ (Isaya 40:22) Futhi uJobe wathi ngaLona: “Welula inyakatho phezu kwendawo engenalutho; uphanyeka umhlaba phezu kweze.” (Jobe 26:7) Lencazelo yomhlaba oyisiyingelezi esiphanyekwe emkhathini esingenasisekelo esibonakalayo izwakala ingeyesimanje ngokuphawulekayo.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Kuthiwani ngokuphikisana okukhona phakathi kweBhayibheli nombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo?b IEncyclopædia Britannica iyabika: “Umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wamukelwa inani elikhulu ngokumangalisayo lomphakathi othanda isayensi.” Kodwa iBhayibheli, ngolimi olulula ngokwanele ukuba luqondakale enkathini yangaphambi kwesanyensi, lifundisa ukuthi ukuphila kuwumphumela wokudala kukaNkulunkulu ngokuqondile nokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziyisisekelo zokuphila azizange zizivelele kodwa zadalwa.—Genesise 1:1; 2:7.

Izazi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo azihlukile kubacusumbuli beBhayibheli. Zinezinkolelo eziqinile futhi imibono yazo ziyibeka ngendlela enegunya. Kodwa ezimbalwa zithembeke ngokwanele ukuba zivume ukuthi umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo awuqinile. Esinye siyaphawula: “Uhlobo lukaDarwin lokuziphendukela kwemvelo . . . , njengoba ngokwesisekelo luwumbono wokwakhiwa kabusha komlando, . . . akunakwenzeka ukulufakazela ngokuhlola ngokulinga noma ngokuzibonela ngokuqondile njengoba kuvamile ngesayensi . . . ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo uphathelene nochungechunge lwezenzakalo eziyingqayizivele, imvelaphi yokuphila, imvelaphi yokuhlakanipha njalonjalo. Izenzakalo eziyingqayizivele aziphindeki futhi azinakuhlolwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola ngokulinga.” (Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, nguMichael Denton) Omunye ukhuluma ‘ngeqiniso lokuziphendukela kwemvelo.’ Noma kunjalo, uveza ubunzima obukhulu ekufakazeleni ‘leliqiniso’: “Uma ufuna ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu ezilwane, akukho.”—The Neck of the Giraffe, nguFrancis Hitching.

Kungakanani Abangase Bakwazi?

Obuningi bobufakazi bokuziphendukela kwemvelo bunikezwa amageologist namapaleontologist—ososayensi abatadisha isikhathi sasendulo somhlaba. Izinkinga labososayensi ababhekene nazo azihlukile kuleyo osonkanyezi ababhekene nayo. Ngosizo lwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi, osonkanyezi babheka imisebe evela emabangeni amade kakhulu ezinkanyezini, konozungezilanga, emithaleni, ezindikimbeni zasemkhathini ongaphandle njengamaquasar. Besebenzisa konke ukwaziswa okutholakalayo, baqamba imibono ngezinto ezijulile njengemvelo yezinkanyezi nemvelaphi yendawo yonke. Akuvamile ukuba babe nethuba lokuhlola imibono yabo, kodwa uma beba nalo, ngokuvamile, bayithola inganele noma inephutha ngokuphelele.

Usonkanyezi wamaza omoya uGerrit Verschuur wabhala: “Ukuhlolwa kwamuva konozungezilanga kwaseU.S. kwembula ubuncane obethusayo bolwazi lwangempela ngalokho okuqukethwe isimiso sendawo yonke. Lapho ibonakala eduze, iMars yabonakala ihluke kakhulu kulokho esasingakucabanga lapha emhlabeni. . . . Akukho sonkanyezi owayelindele ukuthi amabhande eJupiter angaba nesimo esihlaba umxhwele kangaka . . . ISaturn yamangalisa kakhulu lapho amakhamera eVoyager eveza iziyingi ezalukiwe, izinyanga ezeqanayo neziyingi ezincane ezingaphezu kwe-1 000. . . . Okwenzekayo ngomkhathi kubonakala kufana nalokho okwenzekayo ngamasampula okuhlola aselaboratory athwetshulwe ngaphansi kwezikhulisi eziqhubeka zikhulisa njalo. Ukubonela eduze ngakunye kwembula ukwaziswa obekungalindelekile nhlobo okusimangazayo futhi kuzishintshe izinkolelo ebesinazo ngaphambili.”

Ososayensi bokwakheka komhlaba nososayensi bemivubukulo, kanye nabanye abanikeza obuningi “bobufakazi” bokuziphendukela kwemvelo, nabo, njengosonkanyezi, bakhathalela izenzakalo nezinto ezikude—hhayi ngebanga kodwa ngeminyaka. Njengoba nje osonkanyezi bethembele emisebeni elufifi evela emabangeni amade ngokungacabangeki ukuze bathole ukwaziswa, laba abanye ososayensi baphoqelekile ukuba bathembele emikhondweni eyasinda ngengozi esikhathini eside esidlule sikanozungezilanga wethu. Ngokungenakugwenywa, njengosonkanyezi, nabo kumelwe babe nephutha kweziningi zeziphetho zabo.

Ingabe Ungalikholelwa IBhayibheli?

Ngakho, abantu abacabangayo akudingeki ukuba badidwe imibono yezazi yokuthi awunakulikholelwa iBhayibheli. Nokho, lokhu kukodwa akufakazeli ukuthi ungalikholelwa. Ukuze ulikholelwe, udinga ukwenza lokho abacusumbuli abaningi beBhayibheli abangakwenzanga—ukuzivulela lona wena ngokwakho, futhi ulifunde ngomqondo ovulekile. (IzEnzo 17:11) Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, umbhali wemidlalo waseAustralia, owayengumcusumbuli weBhayibheli, wavuma: “Ngokokuqala ekuphileni kwami ngenza lokho ngokuvamile okungumsebenzi wokuqala wentatheli yezindaba: ngahlola amaphuzu ami. . . . Futhi ngethuka, ngoba lokho engangikufunda [ekulandiseni kwamaVangeli] kwakungeyona inganekwane futhi kwakungeyona insumansumane yemvelo. Kwakubika. Ukulandisa kofakazi bokuzibonela nokwabatshelwa ngezehlakalo ezingavamile. . . . Ukubika kunobuciko futhi lobobuciko busemaVangelini.”

Sikukhuthaza ukuba ulandele isibonelo sakhe. Zifundele iBhayibheli ngokwakho. Uma ucabangela inhlakanipho ejulile yeBhayibheli, indlela iziprofetho zalo ezigcwaliseka ngayo, nobunye balo obumangalisayo, uyoqaphela ukuthi lingaphezulu kokuba nje iqoqo lezincwadi ezingavumelani nesayensi. (Joshuwa 23:14) Lapho uzibonela ngokwakho indlela ukuhlakanipha kweBhayibheli okungakushintsha ngayo ukuphila kwakho kube ngcono, ngeke ube nakungabaza ngokuthi iBhayibheli liyiZwi likaNkulunkulu. (2 Thimothewu 3:16, 17) Yebo, ungalikholelwa iBhayibheli!—Johane 17:17.

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Kunzima ngososayensi bemivubukulo ukuqonda ukuthi kwakwenzekani esikhathini eside esidlule njengoba kunzima ngosonkanyezi ukuqonda uhlobo wezinto ezisezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomkhathi