ICodex Bezae—Umbhalo Oyingqayizivele

UTHÉODORE DE BÈZE, isazi saseFrance esidumile semiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, wayengumngane oseduze nomlandeli womgqugquzeli wezinguquko ongumProtestani uJohn Calvin. Ngonyaka ka-1562, uBeza, njengoba aziwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, waveza umbhalo wasendulo ongavamile. Wathi wayewuthole esigodlweni sezindela sase“Santa” Irenaeus eLyons, eFrance, ngemva kokuba lelidolobha liphangwe amaHuguenot. Indawo yawo yendabuko ayaziwa kahle, kodwa cishe kungenzeka ukuthi iNyakatho Afrika noma iGibithe indawo yawo yendabuko.

Ubukhulu balecodex bungamasentimitha angama-25 ubude nangama-20 ububanzi futhi ngokuvamile kuvunyelwana ngokuthi yabhalwa kusukela ngekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka C.E., emuva kancane kunemibhalo yaseSinayi, yaseVatican, neyaseAlexandria. Inamakhasi angama-406 futhi iqukethe amaVangeli amane neZenzo Zabaphostoli kuphela, nezikhala ezithile. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni iCodex Bezae yayihlanganisa nezinye izincwadi, ngoba kunengxenye yencwadi yesithathu kaJohane. AmaVangeli kaMathewu noJohane andulela akaLuka noMarku.

Lombhalo uyisibonelo sokuqala sombhalo obhalwe ngezilimi ezimbili, njengoba kubhalwe ngesiGreki ekhasini elingakwesobunxele nangesiLatini kwelingakwesokudla. Ngokunokwenzeka uyikhophi yombhalo onamagama okuqala owawubhalwe kuyipapyrus, efana namanye akumapapyrus abhalwa ekhulwini leminyaka lesithathu nelesine aziwa ngokuthi iP²⁹, P³⁸, neP⁴⁸.

ICodex Bezae, ebhalwe ngama-uncial (onobumbakazi) agqamile, amahle, ayibhalwa ngokugcwalisa imigqa ekhasini. Ibhalwa ngemigqa enobude obungalingani, ngendlela yokuthi ukuphela komugqa ngamunye kumelela ikhefu ekufundeni. IsiLatini sakhona sibhalwe ngokufana nsé nendlela yokubhala yesiGreki, futhi umbhalo ulungisiwe ukuze ufundeke ngendlela yesiGreki ezindaweni eziningi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, umbhalo wesiGreki uhlukile impela futhi uye walungiswa izandla eziningi, kuhlanganise nesombhali wokuqala.

ICodex Bezae inophawu olungokomthetho u“D”. Ihluke kakhulu futhi ayincikile kuyo yonke eminye imibhalo emikhulu. Njengoba imibhalo yaphansi kuyiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ibonisa, ngezinye izikhathi lecodex iyavumelana namacodex iSinaitic (א), iVatican (B), neAlexandrine (A) ngezinye izikhathi ayivumelani nawo. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwalecodex kusekuqinisekiseni kwayo eminye imibhalo ebalulekile kunasezicini zayo eziyenza yehluke zokushiya nokwenezela ezinye izinto.—Bheka imibhalo yaphansi kuyiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, kuMathewu 23:14; 24:36; 27:49; Marku 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; Luka 15:21; Johane 5:4.

Naphezu kwamagama athile angavamile nomehluko, iCodex Bezae ingobunye ubufakazi obuhle bokulondolozwa kweBhayibheli kuze kube usuku lwethu.

[Imithombo Yezithombe ekhasini 24]

Ngenhla: By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library

Kwesobunxele: Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum