Imibuzo Evela Kubafundi

◼ KwabaseRoma 8:27, iNew World Translation ihumusha igama lesiGreki elithi phroʹne·ma ngokuthi “okuchazwa,” kodwa emavesini 6 no-7, lihunyushwe ngokuthi “ukunaka.” Kungani igama lesiGreki elifanayo lihunyushwe ngokungafani?

Umongo utusa zombili lezindlela zokuhumusha ezikhethiwe.

ISandulela seNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (1950) sithi: “Egameni ngalinye eliyinhloko siye sanikeza incazelo eyodwa futhi siye sabambelela kuleyoncazelo uma nje umongo uvuma.” Abanye bangase bangathathi elithi phroʹne·ma njengegama eliyinhloko, njengoba livela kane kuphela. Nokho, lihlobene namagama asetshenziswa kaningana. Elinye elithi phro·neʹo, elisho “ukucabanga, ukunaka ngendlela ethile.” (Mathewu 16:23; Marku 8:33; Roma 8:5; 12:3; 15:5) Amanye amagama esiGreki ahlobene nalo adlulisela umqondo wokusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha, umqondo, noma ukuqonda.—Luka 1:17; 12:42; 16:8; Roma 11:25; Efesu 1:8.

IKingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures ibonisa ukuthi elithi phroʹne·ma livela izikhathi ezine kwabaseRoma 8:6, 7, 27 nokuthi incazelo yalo yezwi nezwi ngokungaguquki isho “ukunaka.” Izazi zesiGreki uBauer, uArndt, noGingrich zichaza elithi phroʹne·ma ngokuthi: ‘indlela yokucabanga, (ukuthambekela) kwengqondo, injongo, ukulangazelela, ukuphishekela.’—A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature.

KwabaseRoma isahluko 8, umphostoli uPawulu weluleka amaKristu ukuba angahambi ngokwenyama yomuntu engaphelele. Ukuze aphumelele kulokhu, kufanele azilinde ekuthambekeleni noma ezinkanukweni zenyama, kuhlanganise nezizindlo zenhliziyo engaphelele. ‘Ukugxilisa izingqondo zabo’ ezintweni ezivumelana nomoya ongcwele kaNkulunkulu kuyosiza kulokhu.—Roma 8:1-5, qhathanisa neNW.

UPawulu wanikeza lokhu kuqhathanisa: “Ukunaka inyama kusho ukufa, kodwa ukunaka umoya kusho ukuphila nokuthula; ngoba ukunaka inyama kusho ubutha noNkulunkulu, ngoba akukho ngaphansi kokuthobela umthetho kaNkulunkulu.” (Roma 8:6, 7, NW) Abantu yibona okukhulunywa ngabo kulamavesi amabili. Abantu, ikakhulukazi amaKristu, akumelwe bagxilise izingqondo zabo, noma ‘banake,’ izinto zenyama enesono. Kunalokho, kumelwe bagxilise izingqondo zabo, noma ‘banake,’ izinto ezivumelana futhi ezishukunyiswa umoya.

Ngokwehlukile, ivesi 27 likhuluma ngoNkulunkulu ngokwakhe. Siyafunda: “Nokho yena [uJehova] ophenya izinhliziyo uyakwazi okuchazwa umoya, ngoba ukhulumela abangcwele ngokuvumelana noNkulunkulu.” Yebo, elithi “yena” lapha libhekisela kuJehova, umuZwi wemikhuleko.

Igama elithi phroʹne·ma lalingahunyushwa evesini 27 ngokuthi “ukunaka.” Kodwa umoya ongcwele awuyena umuntu ocabangayo ngokoqobo noma onemicabango yawo siqu. Umoya ungamandla kaNkulunkulu ayisiphekupheku, owaziyo ukuthi umoya wakhe ongcwele usebenza kanjani ekufezeni intando yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo walelivesi uhlukile kulowo wabaseRoma 8:6, 7. Lamavesi angaphambili akhanyisa isidingo abantu abanaso sokulawula ukucabanga kwabo nezenzo. Kodwa uJehova akudingeki ukuba asebenze, noma alwe kanzima, ukuze azilawule. Uyakwazi lokho okwalotshwa eBhayibhelini ngaphansi kokuphefumlelwa, njengezinkulumo ezingokweBhayibheli ezibonisa intando yakhe ngezikhonzi zakhe zasemhlabeni. UDkt. Heinrich Meyer uyaphawula ngabaseRoma 8:27: “Kuzo zonke izimo uNkulunkulu uyoyazi injongo yoMoya.”

Ngakho, ukuhumusha ngokuthi “ukunaka” kuyavumelana nomongo noma umfutho wabaseRoma 8:27, futhi isiGreki siyakuvumela. ITranslator’s New Testament ihumusha ngokuthi: “Yena ophenya izinhliziyo uyazi ukuthi uMoya uchaza ukuthini.”

◼ Kungani iNew World Translation ngezinye izikhathi ihumusha igama lesiGreki elithi pi·steuʹo ngokuthi “ukukholelwa” (njengezinguqulo eziningi) futhi ngezinye izikhathi ilihumushe ngokuthi “ukubonisa [noma ukuba] u[no]kholo”?

Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuveza imiqondo ehlukahlukene evezwa igama lesiGreki elithi pi·steuʹo.

Ngokwesibonelo, iGrammar of New Testament Greek, kaJames Moulton, iphawula ukuthi amaKristu okuqala ayekuqaphela ngokucacile “ukubaluleka komehluko phakathi kokukholelwa nje . . . nokwethembela komuntu.” Yomibili lemiqondo ingavezwa ngokusebenzisa igama lesiGreki elithi pi·steuʹo.

Ngokuvamile, imiqondo ehlukahlukene yelithi pi·steuʹo kumelwe iqondwe ngokomongo. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izimo zohlelo lolimi ezihlukahlukene zisisiza ukuba sibone ukuthi yini eyayicatshangwa umlobi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma elithi pi·steuʹo lilandelwa nje ibizo elingumenziwa oncikile, iNew World Translation ngokuvamile ilihumusha kalula nje ngokuthi “ukukholelwa”—ngaphandle kokuba umongo ubonisa okuthile okuhlukile. (Mathewu 21:25, 32; kodwa bheka abaseRoma 4:3, NW.) Uma elithi pi·steuʹo lilandelwa igama elithi e·piʹ, elisho ukuthi “on,” ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi “kholelwa ku-” (Mathewu 27:42; IzEnzo 16:31) Uma lilandelwa ngelithi eis, elisho ukuthi “to,” ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi “bonisa ukholo ku-”—Johane 12:36; 14:1.

Lendlela yesibili yokuhumusha (esikhumbuza ukuthi elithi pi·steuʹo lihlobene negama lesiGreki elithi piʹstis, “ukholo”) iyavumelana namazwi akuyi-Introductory Grammar of New Testament Greek, kaPaul Kaufman. Lencwadi ithi: “Esinye isimo segama esivamile eTestamenteni Elisha (ikakhulukazi eVangelini likaJohane) ngesithi πιστεύω [pi·steuʹo] esihambisana nelithi εἰς [eis] kanye nomenziwa omkhulu . . . Sonke isimo selithi εἰς elihlanganiswe nomenziwa omkhulu kumelwe sihunyushwe kunokuzama ukuhumusha umbekwa-phambili othi εἰς njengegama elizimele. Ukholo lucatshangelwa njengoluyisenzo, njengento ethile abantu abayenzayo, okungukuthi, ukuba nokholo kumuntu othile.”