Iqiniso NgoJesu

KUBONAKALA kunohide olungapheli lwemibono nokucabangela ngokuphathelene nokuthi uJesu wayengubani nokuthi wafezani. Kodwa kuthiwani ngeBhayibheli uqobo? Lisitshelani ngoJesu Kristu?

Lokho IBhayibheli Elikushoyo

Uma ufunda iBhayibheli ngokucophelela, uzoqaphela lamaqiniso ayisihluthulelo:

◻ UJesu uyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu ezelwe yodwa, izibulo layo yonke indalo.—Johane 3:16; Kolose 1:15.

◻ Eminyakeni engaba izinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, uNkulunkulu wadlulisela ukuphila kukaJesu esibelethweni sentombi engumJuda ukuze azalwe njengomuntu.—Mathewu 1:18; Johane 1:14.

◻ UJesu wayengeyena nje umuntu olungile. Ngazo zonke izici wayengumfanekiso onembile wobuntu obuhle bukaYise, uJehova uNkulunkulu.—Johane 14:9, 10; Heberu 1:3.

◻ Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yasemhlabeni, ngothando uJesu wanakekela izidingo zabacindezelwe. Waphulukisa ngokuyisimangaliso abagulayo wavusa ngisho nabafileyo.—Mathewu 11:4-6; Johane 11:5-45.

◻ UJesu wamemezela uMbuso kaNkulunkulu njengowukuphela kwethemba lesintu esicindezelekile, futhi waqeqesha abafundi bakhe ukuze baqhubeke nalomsebenzi wokushumayela.—Mathewu 4:17; 10:5-7; 28:19, 20.

◻ Ngo-Nisan 14 (cishe ngo-April 1), 33 C.E., uJesu waboshwa, waquliswa icala, wagwetshwa, futhi wabulawa ngokumangalelwa okungamanga kokuvukela umbuso.—Mathewu 26:18-20, 26:48–27:50.

◻ Ukufa kukaJesu kusebenza njengesihlengo, kukhulula isintu esikholwayo esimweni saso sokuba nesono futhi kanjalo kuvulele bonke ababonisa ukholo kuye indlela eya ekuphileni okuphakade.—Roma 3:23, 24; 1 Johane 2:2.

◻ Ngo-Nisan 16, uJesu wavuswa, futhi ngemva nje kwalokho wenyukela ezulwini ukuze ayokhokha kuYise inani eliyisihlengo lokuphila kwakhe kobuntu okuphelele.—Marku 16:1-8; Luka 24:50-53; IzEnzo 1:6-9.

◻ NjengeNkosi kaJehova emisiwe, uJesu ovusiwe unegunya eligcwele lokufeza injongo kaNkulunkulu yokuqala ngabantu.—Isaya 9:6, 7; Luka 1:32, 33.

Ngakho, iBhayibheli liveza uJesu njengonendima eyinhloko ekufezekeni kwezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu. Kodwa ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi lona nguJesu wangempela—uJesu wasemlandweni, owazalelwa eBetlehema futhi wanyathela kulomhlaba eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 edlule?

Isisekelo Sokuqiniseka

Ukungabaza okuningi kungaqedwa ngokumane ufunde imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki unomqondo ongahluleli kusengaphambili. Ngokwenza kanjalo, uzothola ukuthi ukulandisa kweBhayibheli akukhona ukulandisa ngezenzakalo okungacacile, njengoba kunjalo ngezinganekwane. Kunalokho, kunikezwe amagama, izikhathi, nezindawo eziqondile. (Ngokwesibonelo, bheka uLuka 3:1, 2.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi bakaJesu bavezwa ngokwethembeka okuphawulekayo, ngobuqotho obugxilisa ukuqiniseka kumfundi. Abalobi abagqibanga muntu—ngisho nabo ngokwabo—ukuze banikeze ukulandisa okukholekile. Yebo, uzobona ukuthi iBhayibheli likhuluma iqiniso.—Mathewu 14:28-31; 16:21-23; 26:56, 69-75; Marku 9:33, 34; Galathiya 2:11-14; 2 Petru 1:16.

Kodwa kusenokwengeziwe. Imivubukulo iye yakuqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukulandisa kweBhayibheli. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uvakashela e-Israel Museum, eJerusalem, ungalibona itshe elinegama likaPontiyu Pilatu. Eminye imivubukulo iqinisekisa ukuthi uLisaniya noSergiyu Pawulu, iBhayibheli elikhuluma ngabo, babengabantu bangempela kunokuba imikhiqizo yokuziqambela yamaKristu okuqala. Izenzakalo ezibikwe emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki (iTestamente Elisha) ziqinisekiswa kakhulu ngokuthi izazi zasendulo zibhekisele kuzo, kuhlanganise noJuvenal, uTacitus, uSeneca, uSuetonius, uPliny Omncane, uLucian, uCelsus, nesazi-mlando esingumJuda uJosephus.a

Izinkulungwane ezaziphila ngekhulu lokuqala zakwamukela ngaphandle kokukungabaza ukulandisa okunikezwe emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki. Ngisho nezitha zobuKristu azizange zikuphike ukuba yiqiniso kwalokho okubikwa ukuthi uJesu wakusho futhi wakwenza. Ngokuphathelene nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ubuntu bukaJesu bahlotshiswa abafundi bakhe ngemva kokufa kwakhe, uProfesa F. F. Bruce uyaphawula: “Kwakungenakwenzeka nakancane ukuba kube lula kangako ukusungula amazwi nezenzo zikaJesu ngaleyo minyaka yakudala njengoba kubonakala sengathi abanye abalobi bacabanga kanjalo, lapho abafundi baKhe abaningi kakhulu babesekhona, ababesakhumbula ukuthi yini eyayenzekile neyayingenzekanga. . . . Abafundi babengeke balokothe bavumele amaphutha (ingasaphathwa eyokuguquguqula amaqiniso ngamabomu), ayeyodalulwa zibekwa nje yilabo ababeyokujabulela kakhulu ukwenze njalo.”

Okwenza Bangakholelwa

Noma kunjalo, ezinye izazi zisalokhu zinokungabaza. Nakuba zicabangela ukuthi ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kuqanjiwe, zivumbulula ngentshiseko imibhalo engeyona engcwele bese ziyamukela njengethembekile! Ngani? Kusobala ukuthi ukulandisa kweBhayibheli kuqukethe izinto izihlakaniphi eziningi zanamuhla ezingafuni ukuzikholelwa.

Kuyi-Union Bible Companion yakhe, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1871, uS. Austin Allibone wabekela abagxeki inselele. Wabhala: “Buza noma ubani othi uyalingabaza iqiniso lomlando weVangeli ukuthi unasiphi isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi uCæsar wafela kuyiCapitol, noma ukuthi uMbusi uCharlemagne wathweswa umqhele nguPapa Leo III njengoMbusi WaseNtshonalanga ngo-800? . . . Siyakukholelwa konke okushiwoyo . . . ngalamadoda; futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi sinobufakazi obungokomlando bokuba kwako yiqiniso. . . . Uma, lapho kuvezwa ubufakazi obunjengalobu, abanye besalokhu benqaba ukukholwa, sibashiya kanjalo njengabanenkani enobuwula noma abangenalwazi ngendlela engenathemba. Sizothini-ke ngalabo okuthi naphezu kwenqwaba yobufakazi osebuveziwe bokuba yiqiniso kwemiBhalo Engcwele, bathi abagculisekile? . . . Abathandi ukukholelwa yilokho okubehlisayo ekuqhosheni kwabo, futhi okuyobaphoqelela ukuba baphile ukuphila okuhlukile.”

Yebo, abanye abagxeki banezisusa ezicashile zokulahla imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki. Inkinga yabo akukhona ukuba yiqiniso kwayo kodwa izindinganiso zayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uJesu wathi ngabalandeli bakhe: ‘Abayona ingxenye yezwe, njengoba nje nami ngingeyona ingxenye yezwe.’ (Johane 17:14) Nokho, amaKristu amaningi okuzisholo angene shí ezindabeni zezombangazwe zalelizwe, aze ahileleke ngisho nasezimpini ezichitha igazi eliningi. Kunokuba bona bazivumelanise nezindinganiso zeBhayibheli, kubantu abaningi iBhayibheli lingamane livumelane nezindinganiso zabo.

Cabanga nangendaba yokuziphatha. UJesu wanikeza ibandla laseThiyathira iseluleko esinamandla ngenxa yokubekezelela umkhuba wobufebe. Walitshela: “Nginguye ohlola izinso nezinhliziyo, futhi ngiyoninika ngabanye ngokwezenzo zenu.”b (IsAmbulo 2:18-23) Kodwa akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi abaningi abathi bangamaKristu abazishayi mkhuba izindinganiso zokuziphatha? Bangamane balahle lokho uJesu akusho kunokuba balahle inkambo yabo yokuziphatha okubi.

Njengoba zithambekele ekubeni zingamamukeli uJesu weBhayibheli, izazi ziye zazakhela owazo uJesu. Ziba necala lokusungula izinganekwane ezimangalela ngazo abalobi bamaVangeli ngokungeyikho. Zibambelela ezingxenyeni zokuphila kukaJesu ezifuna ukuzamukela, zilahle ezinye, bese zinezela eminye imininingwane yazo embalwa. Empeleni, isihlakaniphi sazo esizulazulayo noma umshisekeli wezinguquko zezenhlalo akuyena uJesu wasemlandweni ezithi ziyamfuna; kunalokho, umane uyinto esungulwe imiqondo yezazi eziziphakamisayo.

Ukuthola UJesu Wangempela

UJesu wayezama ukuvusa izinhliziyo zalabo ababelilambele ngobuqotho iqiniso nokulunga. (Mathewu 5:3, 6; 13:10-15) Abanjalo bayasabela esimemweni sikaJesu: “Wozani kimi, nina nonke enikhandlekayo nenisindwayo, ngizonenza niqabuleke. Bekani ijoka lami phezu kwenu futhi nifunde kimi, ngoba nginomoya omnene futhi ngithobekile ngenhliziyo, nizotholela imiphefumulo yenu ukuqabuleka. Ngoba ijoka lami ngelomusa nomthwalo wami ulula.”—Mathewu 11:28-30.

UJesu wangempela akanakuvumbululwa ezincwadini ezibhalwe izazi zanamuhla; engenakutholakala nasemasontweni eLobukholwa, aye aba isidleke sokuzalela amasiko enziwe abantu. UJesu ongokomlando ungamthola eBhayibhelini lakho. Ungathanda yini ukufunda okwengeziwe ngaye? OFakazi BakaJehova bayokujabulela ukukusiza ukuba wenze lokho.

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AMAKHULU EMINYAKA YOKUGXEKA

Ukugxekwa kwemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-200 edlule, lapho isazi sefilosofi esingumJalimane uHermann Samuel Reimarus (1694-1768) sigomela: “Kuyafaneleka ukuba siyihlukanise ngokuphelele imfundiso yabaPhostoli emibhalweni yabo nalokho uJesu ngokwaKhe akumemezela nakufundisa ekuphileni kwaKhe siqu.” Kusukela kuReimarus, izazi eziningi ziye zafundiswa ukuba zibe nomuzwa ofanayo.

Incwadi ethi The Real Jesus iphawula ukuthi abagxeki abaningi besikhathi esidlule babengazibheki njengezihlubuki. Kunalokho, “babezibona njengabangamaKristu ayiwonawona ngenxa yokugqashula emaketangeni ezimfundiso ezingenakuphikiswa nezinkolelo-ze.” Babenomuzwa wokuthi ukucusumbula ‘kwakuwuhlobo lobuKristu oluhlanzekile.’

Iqiniso elidabukisayo ukuthi eLobukholwa liye laba isidleke sokuzalela amasiko enziwe abantu. Izimfundiso zomphefumulo ongafi, uZiqu-zintathu, nesihogo somlilo zimane zingezinye zezimfundiso eziphambene neBhayibheli. Kodwa akubona abalobi bemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki ababangela lokhu konakaliswa kweqiniso. Ngokuphambene, balwa nezinkomba zokuqala zezimfundiso zamanga phakathi nekhulu lokuqala, ngenkathi uPawulu ebhala ukuthi ukuhlubuka phakathi kwababethi bangamaKristu kwase ‘kusebenza kakade.’ (2 Thesalonika 2:3, 7) Singaqiniseka ukuthi okuqukethwe yimiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki kuwukulandisa okuyiqiniso ngokomlando nangokwezimfundiso.

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ABHALWA NINI AMAVANGELI?

Abagxeki abaningi beTestamente Elisha baphikelela ngokuthi amaVangeli abhalwa ngemva kwesikhathi eside izenzakalo azichazayo zenzeka futhi ngenxa yalokho cishe nakanjani anamaphutha.

Nokho, ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi uMathewu, uMarku, noLuka babhalwa ngaphambi kwalokho. Imibhalo engezansi kwamanye amakhophi esandla kaMathewu ibonisa ukuthi ukubhala kokuqala kwenziwa kudala kangango-41 C.E. ULuka cishe wabhalwa phakathi kuka-56 no-58 C.E., ngoba incwadi yezEnzo (okungenzeka yaqedwa ngo-61 C.E.) ibonisa ukuthi kakade umlobi, uLuka, wayesekulobile ‘ukulandisa kwakhe kokuqala,’ iVangeli. (IzEnzo 1:1) IVangeli likaMarku kucatshangwa ukuthi lalotshwa eRoma ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kokuqala noma kwesibili komphostoli uPawulu—cishe phakathi kuka-60 no-65 C.E.

UProfesa Craig L. Blomberg uyavumelana nokuthi lawo maVangeli abhalwa kudala. Uphawula ukuthi ngisho noma singanezela neVangeli likaJohane, elalotshwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala, “siseseduze kakhulu nezenzakalo zokuqala ukudlula imilando eminingi yokuphila kwabantu yasendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, abalobi bemilando emibili emidala kunayo yonke yokuphila kuka-Alexander Omkhulu, u-Arrian noPlutarch, babhala ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amane u-Alexander afa ngo-323 B.C., kodwa izazi-mlando ngokuvamile zibabheka njengabanokwethenjelwa. Izinganekwane ezingakholeleki zokuphila kuka-Alexander zaba khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa iningi lazo laze laba khona kuphela emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ngemva kwalaba balobi ababili.” Izingxenye ezingokomlando zemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki ngokuqinisekile ziyakufanelekela ukuba zamukelwe okungenani ngokulinganayo nemilando yezwe.

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Injabulo iyochichima kubo bonke ePharadesi lasemhlabeni elizayo