Kungani Kugcinwa Izimfihlo Kangaka?

“AYIKHO into esinda njengemfihlo.” Kusho isaga sesiFulentshi. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lokhu kunikeza isizathu esenza sijabule lapho sazi imfihlo ethile kodwa ngezinye izikhathi sikhungatheke lapho singenakukhuluma ngayo? Nokho, emakhulwini eminyaka abantu abaningi baye bakujabulela ukugcina izimfihlo, baye bahlangana ndawonye bakha amaqembu omshoshaphansi befuna ukufinyelela umgomo ofanayo.

Ezinye zalezi zinhlangano zomshoshaphansi zokuqala kwakungamahlelo ayimfihlakalo ayese-Egypt, eGreece naseRome. Kamuva amanye alamaqembu achezuka ekunamatheleni enkolweni futhi aqala ukuba namathonya ezombangazwe, ezomnotho, noma ezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kubunjwa inhlangano yabathengisi nezingcweti eYurophu ngeNkathi Ephakathi, amalungu ayo anquma ukuhamba ngomshoshaphansi ikakhulukazi ngoba efuna ukuzivikela ngokwezomnotho.

Ezikhathini zanamuhla ngokuvamile amaqembu omshoshaphansi aye abunjwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihloniphekile, mhlawumbe ngenxa “yezinjongo ezingokwenhlalo nezokwenza okuhle,” ngokusho kwe-Encyclopædia Britannica, futhi “ukuze ziqhube izinhlelo zokusiza abanye nezokufundisa.” Ezinye izinhlangano zabangane, amaqembu entsha, amaqembu kaqed’isizungu, namanye amaqembu nawo angawomshoshaphansi, noma-ke angawomshoshaphansi ngesilinganiso esithile. Ngokuvamile lamaqembu asuke emsulwa, amalungu awo amane akuzwa kujabulisa ukusebenza ngomshoshaphansi. Imikhuba yokugcotshwa eyimfihlo ikhonzwe kakhulu futhi iqinisa izibopho zobungane nobunye. Amalungu aba nomuzwa wokuba ingxenye yeqembu nowokuba nenjongo. Izinhlangano zomshoshaphansi ezinjengalezi ngokuvamile azilona usongo kwabangewona amalungu azo. Ongelona ilungu akalahlekelwa yilutho ngokungazazi izimfihlo.

Lapho Ukusebenza Ngomshoshaphansi Kuyingozi

Amaqembu omshoshaphansi awagcini izimfihlo ngokulinganayo. Kodwa lawo “anezimfihlo phakathi kwezimfihlo,” njengoba i-Encyclopædia Britannica ikubeka, anengozi ethile. Ichaza ukuthi “ngokusebenzisa amagama akhethekile, izimfihlo noma ukwambulelwa ulwazi,” amalungu asezigabeni eziphezulu ayakwazi “ukuzenza makhulu,” kanjalo ashukumise “abasezigabeni eziphansi ukuba benze umzamo wokuthola izimendlela.” Ingozi eba semaqenjini anjalo isobala. Labo abasezinhlwini eziphansi bangase bangabi nalwazi nhlobo ngemigomo yangempela yenhlangano, njengoba bengakathuthukeli kulelo zinga lokwambulelwa. Kulula ukuhileleka eqenjini elinemigomo nezindlela zokuyifinyelela ongakuqondi ngokugcwele futhi mhlawumbe ongakuchazelwanga ngokugcwele. Kodwa umuntu oye wagcotshwa eqenjini elinjalo kamuva angase akuthole kunzima ukuphuma; kunjengokungathi uboshwe amaketanga okwazi izimfihlo.

Nokho, ukusebenza ngomshoshaphansi kuyingozi enkulu nakakhulu lapho iqembu linemigomo engekho emthethweni noma ewubugebengu futhi ngenxa yalokho lizame ukufihla kwakhona ukuba khona kwalo. Noma uma kwaziwa ukuthi likhona nokuthi ngokuvamile ziyini izinhloso zalo, lingase lizame ukugcina amalungu alo namacebo alo esikhathi esiseduze kuyimfihlo. Kunjalo emaqenjini amaphekula anezisusa ezinkulu ahlala ahlale ashaqise umhlaba ngokuhlasela kwawo kobuphekula.

Yebo, ukusebenza ngomshoshaphansi kungaba ingozi kubantu ngabanye nasemphakathini uwonke. Cabanga ngamaqembu entsha eyeve eshumini nambili eyizigilamkhuba angawomshoshaphansi, ahlasela ngobudlova izisulu ezingenacala, izinhlangano zobugebengu ezinjenge-Mafia yomshoshaphansi, amaqembu alwela ukuqashelwa kwabamhlophe njengabaphakeme njenge-Ku Klux Klan,a ingasaphathwa eyamaqembu amaningi amaphekula emhlabeni wonke aqhubeka ebhuntshisa imizamo yokufinyelela ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba.

Kazi Benzani Manje?

Ngawo-1950, njengomunye wemiphumela yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi, kwahlelwa amaqembu omshoshaphansi emazweni amaningana aseNtshonalanga Yurophu ukuze abe isisekelo sezinhlangano eziphikisayo uma kwakwenzeka abaseSoviet bezama ukunqoba iNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokukamagazini wesiJalimane i-Focus, ngalenkathi kwamiswa “izindawo zezikhali ezingu-79 eziyimfihlo” e-Austria. Amanye amazwe aseYurophu ayengazi nokuthi akhona lamaqembu. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990 umagazini othile wabika isimo njengoba sinjalo: “Akukaziwa ukuthi zingaki kulezi zinhlangano ezisasebenza namuhla nokuthi yini okungenzeka ziyayenza muva nje.”

Yebo, kunjalo. Ubani ongase azi ngempela ukuthi mangaki amaqembu omshoshaphansi okungenzeka ukuthi njengamanje nje awusongo olukhulu kunalokho noma ubani kithi angase akucabange?

[Umbhalo waphansi]