Ukulwela KukaCasiodoro de Reina IBhayibheli LeSpanishi
NGEKHULU le-16 leminyaka iSpain kwakuyindawo okuyingozi ukufunda iBhayibheli kuyo. ISonto LamaKatolika laliyale inhlangano yokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki ukuba iqothule noma yini engavumelani nezimfundiso ezingokwesiko. Kodwa eningizimu yeSpain kwakunensizwa eyayingagcini ngokufunda imiBhalo kuphela kodwa futhi eyafunga ukuyihumushela olimini lwabomdabu ukuze bonke abantu baseSpain bakwazi ukuyifunda. Igama layo kwakunguCasiodoro de Reina.
Isithakazelo sikaReina eBhayibhelini saphembeka phakathi neminyaka ayichitha esigodlweni sezindela eSan Isidro del Campo, emaphethelweni aseSeville, eSpain. Phakathi nawo-1550, izindela eziningi kulesi sigodlo esingavamile zazichitha isikhathi esiningi zifunda imiBhalo kunokuba zinakekela imisebenzi yazo ehleliwe. Futhi isigijimi seBhayibheli sasishintsha ukucabanga kwazo. Zayilahla imfundiso yamaKatolika ngokuqondene nokusebenzisa izithombe nokukholelwa esihlanzweni. Ngokungenakugwenywa, imibono yazo yaziwa endaweni, futhi zesaba ukuboshwa yinhlangano yokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki yaseSpain, zanquma ukubalekela emazweni angaphandle. UReina wayengenye yezingu-12 ezaphumelela ukubalekela eGeneva, eSwitzerland.
Ngemva kwalokho kusinda ngokulambisa, wagcogcoma amadolobha aseYurophu, ngandlela-thile ekwazi ukuphepha kubashushisi bakhe. Ngo-1562 abaquli bamacala ezihlubuki abakhungathekile bashisa umfanekiso wakhe eSeville, kodwa ngisho nalolo songo olunonya aluzange lwenze uReina ahlehle emsebenzini wakhe wokuhumusha imiBhalo. Naphezu kwesithembiso somvuzo kunoma ubani owayeyombamba nokuhlala esaba ukuboshwa, wenza umsebenzi wakhe wenguqulo yeSpanishi ngokungayeki. “Ngaphandle kwalapho ngigula noma ngisohambweni, . . . ngangingahlukani nosiba,” echaza.
Ngeminyaka eyishumi uReina wawuqeda lomsebenzi. Ngo-1569 inguqulo yakhe yalo lonke iBhayibheli yanyatheliswa eBasel, eSwitzerland. Lomsebenzi ovelele wawuyinguqulo yokuqala ephelele yeSpanishi esuselwe ezilimini zokuqala. Kwase kungamakhulu eminyaka amaBhayibheli esiLatini etholakala, kodwa isiLatini sasiwulimi lwesigaba esiphakeme. UReina wayekholelwa ukuthi iBhayibheli kufanele liqondwe yiwo wonke umuntu, futhi wabeka ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze aqhubekisele phambili lowo mgomo.
Esethulweni senguqulo yakhe, wachaza izizathu ayenazo. “Ukwenqabela ukutholakala kwemiBhalo Engcwele ngolimi oluvamile ngokuqinisekile kuwukudelelwa okukhulu kukaNkulunkulu nokulinyazwa kwenhlalakahle yabantu. Lona umsebenzi osobala kaSathane nalabo abalawulwa nguye. . . . Njengoba uNkulunkulu anikeza abantu iZwi lakhe, efisa ukuba liqondwe futhi lisetshenziswe yibo bonke, lowo onganqabela ukuba litholakale nganoma iluphi ulimi akunakwenzeka ukuthi unesisusa esihle.”
Lawa kwakungamazwi abonisa isibindi, njengoba aphuma eminyakeni engu-18 kuphela ngemva kokuba uHlu Lwezincwadi Ezenqatshelwe lwenhlangano yokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki YaseSpain lwalulinqabele ngokuqondile iBhayibheli “ngesi-romance saseCastile [iSpanishi] noma nganoma iluphi olunye ulimi lwabomdabu.” Ngokusobala, uReina akazange avumele ukwesaba abantu kulawule uthando lwakhe ngeqiniso.
Ngaphandle kokuba nesifiso esijulile sokwenza iBhayibheli litholakale kubo bonke abantu abakhuluma iSpanishi, uReina wayefuna nokwenza inguqulo enembile ngangokunokwenzeka. Esethulweni sakhe, wachaza izinzuzo zokuhumusha kususelwa ngokuqondile ezilimini zokuqala. Kwakunamaphutha athile ayengene kungaqashelwe embhalweni wesiLatini i-Vulgate, kuchaza uReina. Elinye lalamaphutha eliphawuleka kakhulu kwakuwukukhishwa kwegama laphezulu.
Igama Laphezulu Ezinguqulweni ZeSpanishi
UReina waqaphela ukuthi igama likaNkulunkulu, elithi Jehova, kufanele livele kunoma iyiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli eqotho, njengoba livela embhalweni wokuqala. Wenqaba ukulandela isiko lokufaka iziqu ezinjengezithi “Nkulunkulu” noma “Nkosi” esikhundleni segama laphezulu. Esanduleleni senguqulo yakhe, wachaza izizathu zakhe ngokungagwegwesi.
“Siye salondoloza leli gama (Iehoua), ngenxa yezizathu ezinesisindo kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi noma kuphi lapho lingase litholakale khona enguqulweni yethu, ngokufanayo liyatholakala embhalweni wesiHeberu, futhi kithina kubonakale sengathi asinakuleqa noma silishintshe ngaphandle kokwenza ukungathembeki nokona emthethweni kaNkulunkulu, oyala ukuba kungasuswa noma kwenezelwe utho. . . . Lomkhuba [wokuleqa leli gama], owabangelwa uDeveli, wavela kuyinkolelo-ze yorabi banamuhla labo, nakuba bethi bayalihlonipha, eqinisweni abalifihla igama laKhe elingcwele, benza abantu bakaNkulunkulu bakhohlwa yilokho ayefuna ukuhlukaniswa ngakho kubo bonke abanye . . . onkulunkulu.”
Isifiso sikaReina esitusekayo sokudumisa igama likaNkulunkulu saba nemiphumela efinyelela kude. Kuze kube sosukwini lwethu, iningi lezinguqulo zeSpanishi—kokubili ezamaKatolika nezamaProthestani—liye lalandela lomanduleli wangaphambili, zisebenzisa igama laphezulu yonke indawo. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kaReina, cishe abafundi banoma iyiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli yeSpanishi bangabona ngokushesha ukuthi uNkulunkulu unegama lakhe siqu elimhlukanisayo kubo bonke abanye onkulunkulu.
Liyaphawuleka iqiniso lokuthi igama likaJehova ngesiHeberu livele ngokucacile ekhasini elinesihloko leBhayibheli likaReina. UReina wanikela ukuphila kwakhe enjongweni ephakeme yokulondoloza iZwi likaNkulunkulu, elenza litholakale ngolimi izigidi ezazikwazi ukulufunda.