Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yesi-5—UDuteronomi

Umlobi: UMose

Indawo: EmaThafeni AkwaMowabi

Ukuloba Kwaphela: 1473 B.C.E.

Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe: Izinyanga ezimbili (1473 B.C.E.)

1. Yimiphi imibuzo engase ibuzwe ngokuphathelene nokungena kukaIsrayeli eZweni Lesithembiso?

INCWADI kaDuteronomi iphathele abantu bakaJehova isigijimi esinamandla. Ngemva kokuzulazula ehlane iminyaka engu-40, abantwana bakwaIsrayeli manje base bemi emngceleni weZwe Lesithembiso. Yini eyayingaphambi kwabo? Zaziyini izinkinga ezingavamile ababezobhekana nazo ngaphesheya kweJordani? Yini okwakuzodingeka uMose ayisho ekugcineni kulesizwe? Singase sibuze futhi, Kungani kunenzuzo ngathi namuhla ukwazi izimpendulo zalemibuzo?

2. Incwadi kaDuteronomi ibaluleke ngayiphi indlela evelele?

² Izimpendulo zitholakala emazwini uMose awakhuluma futhi wawabhala encwadini yesihlanu yeBhayibheli, uDuteronomi. Nakuba iphinda okuningi kokusezincwadini zokuqala, incwadi kaDuteronomi ibaluleke ngendlela yayo ekhethekile. Kungani kunjalo? Inezela ukugcizelela esigijimini saphezulu, njengoba silungiselelwe ngesikhathi emlandweni wabantu bakaJehova lapho bekudinga khona ngempela ukuhola okunamandla nesiqondiso esihle. Base bezongena eZweni Lesithembiso ngaphansi komholi omusha. Babedinga isikhuthazo ukuze baqhubeke, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babedinga isixwayiso saphezulu ukuze sibenze bakwazi ukuthatha inkambo eqondile eholela esibusisweni sikaJehova.

3. Yini uMose ayigcizelela kuyo yonke incwadi kaDuteronomi, futhi kungani lokhu kubalulekile kithi namuhla?

³ Ngokuvumelana nesidingo, uMose washukunyiswa ngokunamandla umoya kaJehova ukuba anxuse uIsrayeli ngokungagwegwesi ukuba azithobe futhi athembeke. Kuyo yonke lencwadi, ugcizelela ukuthi uJehova unguNkulunkulu oPhezukonke, ofuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile nofisa ukuba abantu bakhe ‘bamthande ngayo yonke inhliziyo yabo nangawo wonke umphefumulo wabo nangawo wonke amandla abo.’ “UnguNkulunkulu wawonkulunkulu, neNkosi yamakhosi, uNkulunkulu omkhulu onamandla nowesabekayo, ongakhethi-buso bamuntu, nongamukeli-mvuzo.” Akakubekezeleli ukubangiswa. Ukumlalela kusho ukuphila, ukungalaleli, ukufa. Isiqondiso sikaJehova, njengoba sinikezwe kuDuteronomi, sasimane siwukulungiselelwa neseluleko uIsrayeli ayekudinga ukuze enze imisebenzi emikhulu eyayingaphambi kwakhe. Futhi siwuhlobo lweseluleko esisidingayo namuhla ukuze sihlale sihamba ekwesabeni uJehova, singcwelise igama lakhe phakathi kwezwe elonakele.​—⁠Dut. 5:​9, 10; 6:​4-⁠6; 10:​12-⁠22.

4. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi Duteronomi, futhi iyini injongo yalencwadi?

⁴ Igama elithi Duteronomi livela egameni elisenguqulweni yeGreek Septuagint, uDeu·te·ro·noʹmion, elihlanganisa elithi deuʹte·ros, okusho “okwesibili,” nelithi noʹmos, okusho “umthetho.” Ngaleyondlela lisho “UMthetho Wesibili; Ukuphindwa KoMthetho.” Lokhu kuvela endleleni isiGreki esihumusha ngayo umusho wesiHeberu kuDuteronomi 17:​18 othi, mi⁠sh·nehʹ hat·toh·rahʹ, ohunyushwe kahle ngokuthi ‘ikhophi yomthetho.’ Nokho, naphezu kwencazelo yegama elithi Duteronomi, lencwadi yeBhayibheli ayiwona umthetho wesibili noma ukuphindwa okungasho lutho koMthetho. Kunalokho, iyincazelo yoMthetho, inxusa uIsrayeli ukuba athande futhi alalele uJehova eZweni Lesithembiso lelo ngokushesha azobe engena kulo.​—⁠1:⁠5.

5. Yini efakazela ukuthi uMose wayengumlobi kaDuteronomi?

⁵ Njengoba lona kuwumqulu wesihlanu, weziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, umlobi kumelwe ukuba kwakuyilowo owaloba izincwadi ezine ezandulelayo, okungukuthi, uMose. Amazwi okuqala achaza uDuteronomi ngokuthi “amazwi uMose awakhuluma kubo bonke abakwaIsrayeli,” futhi izinkulumo zakamuva, ezifana nezithi “uMose waloba lowomthetho” nethi “uMose wayeseloba lelihubo,” ngokucacile zifakazela ukuthi yalotshwa nguye. Igama lakhe livela cishe izikhathi ezingu-40 kulencwadi, ngokuvamile njengegunya lamazwi akhulunywayo. Okhulumayo, okunguMose, usetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko kuyo yonke lencwadi. Amavesi okugcina anezelwa ngemva kokufa kukaMose, ngokunokwenzeka anezelwa uJoshuwa noma uEleyazare umpristi omkhulu.​—⁠1:⁠1; 31:​9, 22, 24-⁠26.

6. (a) Yisiphi isikhathi incwadi kaDuteronomi esihlanganisayo? (b) Lencwadi yaqedwa nini?

⁶ Zenzeka nini izehlakalo zikaDuteronomi? Ekuqaleni, incwadi ngokwayo ithi “ngomnyaka wamashumi amane ngenyanga yeshumi nanye ngolokuqala lwenyanga uMose wakhuluma kubantwana bakwaIsrayeli.” Ekupheleni komlando okuDuteronomi, incwadi kaJoshuwa iqhuba ukulandisa ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuwelwa kweJordani, ‘okwakungolweshumi lwenyanga yokuqala.’ (Dut. 1:⁠3; Josh. 1:​11; 4:​19) Lokhu kushiyela izenzakalo zikaDuteronomi inkathi yezinyanga ezimbili nesonto elilodwa. Nokho, izinsuku ezingu-30 zalenkathi yamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye zasetshenziselwa ukulilela ukufa kukaMose. (Dut. 34:⁠8) Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izenzakalo zikaDuteronomi kufanele ukuba zenzeka ngenyanga ye-11 yonyaka wama-40. Ngasekupheleni kwaleyonyanga, kufanele ukuba nokulotshwa kwencwadi kwase kuphelile, njengoba ukufa kukaMose kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenyanga ye-12 yonyaka wama-40, noma ekuqaleni kuka-1473 B.C.E.

7. Yini ebonisa ukuthi incwadi kaDuteronomi iyiqiniso?

⁷ Ubufakazi osebuveziwe kakade bobuqiniso bezincwadi ezine zeziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala buyasebenza futhi nakuDuteronomi, incwadi yesihlanu. Futhi ingenye yezincwadi ezine emiBhalweni YesiHeberu ecashunwa kaningi emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, eminye yayo kunguGenesise, amaHubo, noIsaya. Lezingcaphuno zingu-83, futhi ziyisithupha kuphela izincwadi zemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki ezingabhekiseli kuDuteronomi.a

8. Yibuphi ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda obashiwo uJesu obubonisa ukuba yiqiniso kwencwadi kaDuteronomi?

⁸ UJesu ngokwakhe unikeza ubufakazi obuqine kunabo bonke ekusekeleni uDuteronomi. Ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, kathathu walingwa uDeveli, futhi kathathu waphendula ngempendulo ethi, “Kulotshiwe.” Kulotshwephi? Phela, encwadini kaDuteronomi (8:⁠3; 6:​16, 13), uJesu ayicaphuna njengegunya lakhe eliphefumlelwe: “Akusinkwa sodwa umuntu ayakuphila ngaso kodwa ngamazwi onke aphuma emlonyeni kaNkulunkulu.” “Ungayilingi iNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho.” “Wokhuleka eNkosini uNkulunkulu wakho, umkhonze yena yedwa.” (Math. 4:​1-11) Kamuva, lapho abaFarisi befika ukuze bamvivinye ngokuphathelene nemiyalo kaNkulunkulu, uJesu ephendula wacaphuna “umyalo omkhulu nowokuqala” kuDuteronomi 6:⁠5. (Math. 22:​37, 38; Marku 12:​30; Luka 10:​27) Ubufakazi bukaJesu ngendlela ewujuqu bubonisa uDuteronomi eneqiniso.

9. Yibuphi ubufakazi bangaphandle obufakazela incwadi kaDuteronomi?

⁹ Ngaphezu kwalokho, izehlakalo namazwi okukulencwadi kusifanela ncamashí isimo esingokomlando nezimo zangalesosikhathi. Ukubhekisela eGibithe, eKhanani, kuAmaleki, kuAmoni, kuMowabi, nakuEdomi kuqinisekile ngokwezikhathi, futhi amagama ezindawo ashiwo ngokunembile.b Imivubukulo iyaqhubeka yembula ubufakazi obengeziwe bokwethembeka kwemibhalo kaMose. UHenry H. Halley uyabhala: “Imivubukulo muva nje ibikhuluma kakhulu kangangokuthi ibangela ukushintshela embonweni omdala [wokuthi uMose wabhala iziNcwadi Zokuqala Ezinhlanu]. Imfundiso yokuthi ukubhala kwakungaziwa osukwini lukaMose iphikiswa ngokuphelele. Futhi minyaka yonke eGibithe, ePalestina naseMesopotamiya, kumbiwa ubufakazi, obubhalwe kokubili emibhalweni eqoshiwe nasezingqimbeni zobumba, bokuthi ukulandisa [kwemiBhalo YesiHeberu] kuwukulandisa okungokomlando okuqinisile. Futhi ‘ulwazi’ luya luba nenhlonipho enkulu ngokungenakungatshazwa ngesiko lokuba kukaMose umlobi.”c Ngaleyondlela, ngisho nobufakazi bangaphandle buyamsekela uDuteronomi, kanye nazo zonke iziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, njengowukulandisa okuqotho, okuqinisile okwenziwa umprofethi kaNkulunkulu uMose.

OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KADUTERONOMI

10. Yini eyakha incwadi kaDuteronomi?

¹⁰ Lencwadi ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe uchungechunge lwezinkulumo uMose azinikeza abantwana bakwaIsrayeli emaThafeni akwaMowabi ngaphesheya kweJeriko. Eyokuqala yalezi iphelela esahlukweni 4, eyesibili iphelela ekugcineni kwesahluko 26, eyesithathu iqhubekela esahlukweni 28, futhi enye inkulumo ize ifike ekugcineni kwesahluko 30. Ngakho, ngemva kokuba uMose enzé amalungiselelo okugcina ngenxa yokufa kwakhe okwakusondela, kuhlanganise nokuthuma uJoshuwa njengomlandeli wakhe, uloba ingoma emnandi kakhulu yokudumisa uJehova, elandelwa isibusiso ezizweni zakwaIsrayeli.

11. UMose uyethula kanjani inkulumo yakhe yokuqala?

¹¹ Inkulumo yokuqala kaMose (1:⁠1–4:​49). Lena yenza isethulo esingokomlando salokho okulandelayo. Okokuqala uMose ubukeza ukusebenzelana kukaJehova ngokwethembeka nabantu baKhe. UMose ubatshela ukuba bangene futhi bathathe izwe elathenjiswa okhokho babo uAbrahama, uIsaka, noJakobe. Ulandisa indlela uJehova aqondisa ngayo umsebenzi walomphakathi ongokwasezulwini ekuqaleni kohambo lwasehlane ngokwenza yena, uMose, ukuba akhethe amadoda ahlakaniphile, anokuqonda, nangomakad’ ebona ukuba abe izinduna zezinkulungwane, amakhulu, amashumi amahlanu, nezamashumi. Kwakunokuhleleka okuhle, okwakuqondiswa uJehova, njengoba uIsrayeli ‘edabula lelohlane elikhulu nelesabekayo.’​—⁠1:⁠19.

12. Yiziphi izehlakalo eziphathelene nokuhlolwa kokuqala kweKhanani azikhumbulayo?

¹² Manje uMose ukhumbula isono sabo sokuhlubuka lapho bezwa umbiko wezinhloli ezazibuya eKhanani futhi bekhononda ngokuthi uJehova uyabazonda ngoba, ngokusho kwabo, wayebakhiphe eGibithe ukuba abayekelele kuma-Amori. Ngokuntula kwabo ukholo, uJehova watshela lesosizukulwane esibi ukuthi akukho noyedwa kuso, ngaphandle kukaKalebi noJoshuwa, owayezobona izwe elihle. Kulokhu, baphinde baziphatha ngokuhlubuka, bethukuthela futhi besihlasela ngokwabo isitha, ukuze nje ama-Amori abaxoshe njengequlo lezinyosi futhi abahlakaze.

13. Kungasiphi isisekelo uMose aqinisekisa ngaso uJoshuwa ngokunqoba?

¹³ Bahamba ehlane behla baya ngasoLwandle Olubomvu, futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-38, sonke isizukulwane samadoda empi safa saphela. Khona-ke uJehova wabayala ukuba bawelele ngaphesheya futhi bathathe izwe elisenyakatho yeArinoni, ethi: “Namuhla ngiyakuqala ukubeka uvalo nokukwesaba phezu kwezizwe zonke eziphansi kwezulu, eziyakuzwa indaba yakho, zithuthumele, ziqhaqhazele ngenxa yakho.” (2:​25) USihoni nezwe lakhe bawela ezandleni zamaIsrayeli, futhi umbuso kaOgi wathathwa. UMose waqinisekisa uJoshuwa ngokuthi uJehova wayezolwela uIsrayeli ngendlela efanayo ekunqobeni yonke imibuso. Khona-ke uMose wabuza uNkulunkulu ukuthi yena ngokwakhe kwakungenzeka yini ukuba awelele ezweni elihle ngaphesheya kweJordani, kodwa uJehova waqhubeka ekwenqaba lokho, emtshela ukuba amise uJoshuwa, amkhuthaze, futhi amqinise.

14. Yikuphi ukugcizelela uMose akubeka eMthethweni kaNkulunkulu nasekuzinikeleni okukhethekile?

¹⁴ Manje uMose ugcizelela kakhulu uMthetho kaNkulunkulu, exwayisa ngokunezela noma ukususa emiyalweni yaKhe. Ukungalaleli kuyoletha inhlekelele: “Kepha xwaya, ugcine kahle umphefumulo wakho, funa ukhohlwe izinto azibonayo amehlo akho, zimuke enhliziyweni yakho izinsuku zonke zokuhamba kwakho; bazise zona abantwana bakho nabantwana babantwana bakho.” (4:⁠9) Bamane bezwa izwi nje kuphela lapho uJehova esho iMiyalelo Eyishumi kubo ngaphansi kwezimo ezisabekayo eHorebe. Kuyoba yincithakalo ngabo uma manje bephendukela ekukhulekeleni izithombe nemifanekiso, ngoba, njengoba uMose esho, “uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho ungumlilo oqothulayo, unguNkulunkulu onomhawu [“ofuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile,” NW].” (4:​24) Nguye owayethande okhokho babo futhi wabakhetha. Akekho omunye uNkulunkulu emazulwini phezulu noma emhlabeni phansi. Mlalele, kunxusa uMose, ukuze “wandise izinsuku zakho ezweni uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho akunika lona kuze kube-phakade.”​—⁠4:⁠40.

15. Yikuphi ukuhlelwa kwemizi yesiphephelo okwenziwa empumalanga yeJordani?

¹⁵ Ngemva kokuphetha lenkulumo enamandla, uMose uyaqhubeka ebekela eceleni iBeseri, iRamoti, neGolanu njengemizi yesiphephelo ngasempumalanga yeJordani.

16. Yini egcizelelwa inkulumo yesibili kaMose?

¹⁶ Inkulumo yesibili kaMose (5:​1–26:​19). Lolu ubizo kumaIsrayeli lokuba ezwe uJehova, owakhuluma nawo ubuso nobuso eSinayi. Phawula indlela uMose awulandisa ngayo uMthetho nokulungiswa kabusha okuthile okudingekile, ngaleyondlela ewuvumelanisa nokuphila kwawo okusha ngaphesheya kweJordani. Akukhona nje ukulandiswa kabusha okungasho lutho kwezimiso nemithetho. Wonke amagama abonisa ukuthi inhliziyo kaMose igcwele intshiseko nokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu wakhe. Ukhulumela inhlala-kahle yesizwe. Ukulalela uMthetho kugcizelelwa ize iyophela lencwadi​—⁠ukulalela okuvela enhliziyweni enothando, hhayi ngokucindezelwa.

17. AmaIsrayeli kumelwe alubuyisele kanjani uthando uJehova awabonise lona?

¹⁷ Okokuqala, uMose uphinda iMiyalelo Eyishumi, iMithetho Eyishumi futhi utshela uIsrayeli ukuba ayilalele, angaphendukeli ngakwesokunene noma ngakwesokhohlo, ukuze bandise izinsuku zabo ezweni nokuba babe baningi. “Yizwa, Israyeli: uJehova uNkulunkulu wethu, uJehova, munye.” (6:⁠4) Inhliziyo, umphefumulo, namandla kumelwe kunikelwe ekumthandeni, futhi uIsrayeli kumelwe afundise abantwana bakhe futhi abatshele ngezibonakaliso ezinkulu nezimangaliso uJehova azenza eGibithe. Akumelwe kube khona ubuhlobo obungokomshado namaKhanani akhonza izithombe. UJehova ukhethé uIsrayeli ukuba abe impahla yakhe ekhethekile, hhayi ngenxa yokuba bebaningi, kodwa ngoba ebathanda futhi uyowagcina amazwi afungelwe awakhuluma kokhokho babo. UIsrayeli kumelwe agweme ugibe lwenkolo yamademoni, abhubhise izithombe ezisezweni, futhi abambelele kuJehova, ngempela “uNkulunkulu omkhulu nowesabekayo.”​—⁠7:⁠21.

18. Yini uMose anxusa amaIsrayeli ukuba aziqaphele kuyo?

¹⁸ UJehova wabathobisa iminyaka engu-40 ehlane, ebafundisa ukuthi umuntu akaphili ngemana noma isinkwa, kodwa ngawo wonke amazwi omlomo kaJehova. Phakathi nayo yonke leyominyaka yokuqondiswa, izingubo zabo azizange ziguge, nezinyawo zabo azivuvukalanga. Manje sebezongena ezweni lengcebo nenala! Nokho, kumelwe baqaphele izingibe zezinto ezibonakalayo nokuzishaya abalungile futhi bakhumbule ukuthi uJehova ‘nguyena opha amandla okuzuza imfuyo’ nophuca izizwe ezimbi lokho ezinakho. (8:​18) UMose ube eselandisa ngezikhathi lapho uIsrayeli achukuluza khona uNkulunkulu. Kumelwe bakhumbule indlela ulaka lukaJehova olwabavuthela ngayo ehlane, ngenhlupho nomlilo nangokuqothulwa! Kumelwe bakhumbule ukukhulekela kwabo ithole legolide okubhubhisayo, okwaphumela olakeni olushisayo lukaJehova nasekwenziweni kabusha kwezibhebhe zoMthetho! (Eks. 32:​1-10, 35; 17:​2-⁠7; Num. 11:​1-3, 31-35; 14:​2-38) Ngokuqinisekile manje kumelwe bamkhonze uJehova futhi banamathele kuJehova, obathandile ngenxa yokhokho babo futhi wabenza baba “ngangezinkanyezi zezulu ngobuningi.”​—⁠Dut. 10:⁠22.

19. Yikuphi ukukhetha okubekwa ngokucacile, futhi imiphi imithetho ebekelwa isizwe?

¹⁹ UIsrayeli kumelwe ayigcine “yonke imiyalo,” futhi kumelwe alalele uJehova ngokungehluleki, amthande njengoNkulunkulu wakhe futhi amkhonze ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe nangawo wonke umphefumulo wakhe. (11:​8, 13) UJehova uyobasekela futhi abavuze uma bemlalela. Nokho, kumelwe bazikhandle futhi bafundise abantwana babo ngenkuthalo. Ukukhetha okuphambi kukaIsrayeli kushiwo ngokucacile: Ukulalela kuholela esibusisweni, ukungaleli esiqalekisweni. Akumelwe ‘balandele abanye onkulunkulu.’ (11:​26-28) Khona-ke uMose ubala imithetho ekhethekile ethinta amaIsrayeli njengoba engena ukuba athathe iZwe Lesithembiso. (1) Kunemithetho ethinta inkolo nokukhulekela; (2) imithetho ephathelene nokuqondiswa kokwahlulela, uhulumeni, nempi; (3) nemithetho eqondisa ukuphila kwabantu kwangasese nokomphakathi.

20. Yimaphi amaphuzu aqokomisa imithetho ephathelene nokukhulekela?

²⁰ (1) Inkolo nokukhulekela (12:​1–16:​17). Lapho amaIsrayeli engena ezweni, zonke izimpawu zenkolo yamanga​—⁠izindawo zayo eziphakeme, ama-altare, izinsika, izinsika ezingcwele, nemifanekiso⁠—​kumelwe kubhujiswe ngokuphelele. AmaIsrayeli kumelwe akhulekele kuphela endaweni lapho uJehova uNkulunkulu wawo ekhetha ukubeka khona igama lakhe, futhi lapho kumelwe athokoze ngaye, wonke. Imithetho ephathelene nokudliwa kwenyama nemihlatshelo ihlanganisa izikhumbuzo eziphindaphindiwe zokuthi akumelwe adle igazi. “Qaphela kuphela ukuba ungalidli igazi . . . Ungalidli ukuba kube-kuhle nakubantwana bakho emva kwakho, lapho wenza okulungile emehlweni kaJehova.” (12:​16, 23-25, 27; 15:​23) UMose manje ungenela ekulahleni ukukhulekelwa kwezithombe ngokungagwegwesi. AmaIsrayeli akumelwe ngisho abuze ngezindlela zenkolo yamanga. Uma kutholakala ukuthi umprofethi unamanga, kumelwe abulawe, nezihlubuki​—⁠ngisho nesihlobo somuntu esithandekayo noma umngane, yebo, ngisho nemizi yonke⁠—​ngokufanayo kumelwe zibhujiswe. Ngokulandelayo kuba imithetho ephathelene nokudla okuhlanzekile nokungahlanzekile, ukukhokhwa kokweshumi, nokunakekelwa kwamaLevi. Izithakazelo zabakweletayo, abampofu, nezigqila ezithengisiwe kumelwe zivikelwe ngothando. Ekugcineni, uMose ubukeza imikhosi yaminyaka yonke njengeyizikhathi zokubonga uJehova ngesibusiso sakhe: “Kathathu ngomnyaka bonke abesilisa bakho bayakubonakala phambi kukaJehova uNkulunkulu wakho endaweni ayakuyikhetha: ngomkhosi wesinkwa esingenamvubelo, nangomkhosi wamasonto, nangomkhosi wamadokodo; bangabonakali phambi kukaJehova bengenalutho.”​—⁠16:⁠16.

21. Yimiphi imithetho enikezwayo ephathelene nokwahlulela, futhi yisiphi isiprofetho esibalulekile uMose asishoyo?

²¹ (2) Ukwahlulela, uhulumeni, nempi (16:​18–20:​20). Okokuqala, uMose unikeza imithetho ethinta abahluleli nezikhulu. Ukwahlulela kuyinto ebalulekile, ukufunjathiswa nokwahlulela okuhlanekezelwe kuyazondeka kuJehova. Kunikezwa izinqubo zokuveza ubufakazi nokusingathwa kwamacala. “Ngomlomo wawofakazi ababili noma ngowawofakazi abathathu uyakubulawa lowo ofanele ukufa.” (17:⁠6) Kubekwa imithetho ephathelene namakhosi. Kwenziwa ilungiselelo labapristi namaLevi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemimoya kwenqatshelwa ‘njengokunengekayo kuJehova.’ (18:​12) Njengoba ebheka kude esikhathini esizayo, uMose uthi: “UJehova uNkulunkulu wakho uyakukuvusela umprofethi phakathi kwakho kubafowenu onjengami; nimlalele yena.” (18:​15-19) Nokho, umprofethi wamanga kumelwe afe. Lengxenye iphetha ngemithetho ephathelene nemizi yesiphephelo nokuphindiselwa kwegazi, kanye nezimfanelo zokungahlanganyeli empini nemithetho yempi.

22. Imithetho elawula ziphi izindaba zangasese nezomphakathi okukhulunywa ngayo?

²² (3) Ukuphila kwangasese nokomphakathi (21:⁠1–26:​19). Kunikezwa imithetho ethinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwamaIsrayeli ezindabeni ezinjengomuntu otholakale ebulewe, ukushada nabesifazane abathunjiwe, ilungelo lezibulo, indodana eyihlongandlebe, ukulengiswa kwesigebengu esigxotsheni, ubufakazi bobuntombi, amacala obulili, ukulimala emasendeni, abantwana besihlahla, ukuphathwa kwezihambi, inhlanzeko, ukukhokhwa kwenzalo nezifungo, ukwahlukana, ukuthumba, ukubolekisa, iholo, nokukhothozwa kwesivuno. Inani lemivimbo yokushaya indoda kumelwe libe ngu-40. Inkabi akumelwe ifakwe isifonyo lapho ibhula. Kuchazwa inqubo yokushada nomkamfowenu. Kumelwe kusetshenziswe izilinganiso eziqondile, ngoba ukwahlulela ngokungalungi kuyanengeka kuJehova.

23. Yini uMose abonisa ukuthi iyokwenzeka lapho abantu bakaNkulunkulu belalela imiyalo yaKhe?

²³ Ngaphambi kokuphetha lenkulumo yentshiseko, uMose ukhumbula indlela ama-Amaleki abulala ngayo amaIsrayeli akhathele ewaqhamukela ngemuva njengoba ayebaleka eGibithe, futhi uMose uyala amaIsrayeli ukuba ‘asule inkumbulo ka-Amaleki phansi kwezulu.’ (25:​19) Lapho engena ezweni, kumelwe anikele ngolibo lomhlabathi ngokujabula, futhi kumelwe anikele nangokweshumi ngomthandazo wokubonga kuJehova: “Bheka phansi usezindlini zakho ezingcwele ezulwini, ubusise abantu bakho uIsrayeli nomhlaba osiniké wona njengokufunga kwakho kobaba, izwe elivamé ubisi nezinyosi.” (26:​15) Uma beyigcina lemiyalo ngayo yonke inhliziyo yabo nomphefumulo, uJehova, yena, ‘uyobaphakamisa phezu kwazo zonke izizwe azenzileyo kube yindumiso, negama elihle, nobuhle, lapho bezibonakalisa beyisizwe esingcwele kuJehova uNkulunkulu wabo njengokusho kwakhe.’​—⁠26:⁠19.

24. Yiziphi izibusiso neziqalekiso inkulumo yesithathu ezibeka phambi kukaIsrayeli?

²⁴ Inkulumo yesithathu kaMose (27:⁠1–28:​68). Kulokhu amadoda amadala akwaIsrayeli nabapristi bahlangene noMose njengoba ebala ngokuningiliziwe iziqalekiso zikaJehova ngenxa yokungalaleli nezibusiso ngenxa yokwethembeka. Kunikezwa izixwayiso ezibuhlungu ngokuphathelene nemiphumela esabekayo yokungathembeki. Uma amaIsrayeli njengabantu bakhe abangcwele elilalela njalo izwi likaJehova uNkulunkulu wawo, ayojabulela izibusiso ezimangalisayo, futhi bonke abantu emhlabeni bayobona ukuthi abizwa ngegama likaJehova. Nokho, uma ehluleka kulokhu, uJehova uyowalethela “isiqalekiso, nokuphaphatheka, nokusolwa.” (28:​20) Ayoshaywa ngesifo esinyanyekayo, ukomisa, nendlala; izitha zawo ziyowaxosha futhi ziwenze izigqila, futhi ayohlakazeka futhi aqothulwe ezweni. Leziqalekiso, nezinye ezengeziwe, ziyowehlela ‘uma engaqapheli ukuwenza onke amazwi alomthetho olotshiwe kulencwadi ukuba alesabe igama lakhe elidumisekayo nelisabekayo elithi UJEHOVA UNKULUNKULU WAWO.’​—⁠28:⁠58.

25. (a) Yisiphi isivumelwano uJehova manje asenza noIsrayeli? (b) Yikuphi ukukhetha uMose akubeka phambi kwabantu?

²⁵ Inkulumo yesine kaMose (29:​1–30:​20). Manje uJehova uphetha isivumelwano noIsrayeli kwaMowabi. Lesi sihlanganisa uMthetho, njengoba ushiwo kabusha futhi uchazwa uMose, oyoqondisa amaIsrayeli njengoba engena eZweni Lesithembiso. Isifungo esihambisana nesivumelwano sigcizelela imithwalo yemfanelo yesizwe. Ekugcineni, uMose umema amazulu nomhlaba ukuba kube ufakazi njengoba ebeka phambi kwabantu ukuphila nokufa, isibusiso nesiqalekiso, futhi enxusa: “Khethani ukuphila ukuba niphile, wena nenzalo yakho, ukuba umthande uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho, ulilalele izwi lakhe, unamathele kuye, ngokuba lokhu kungukuphila kwakho nobude bezinsuku zakho, ukuze uhlale ezweni uJehova alifungela oyihlo, oAbrahama, noIsaka, noJakobe, ukubanika lona.”​—⁠30:​19, 20.

26. Yimaphi amalungiselelo okugcina uMose awenzayo ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe?

²⁶ Ukuthunywa kukaJoshuwa, nengoma kaMose (31:⁠1–32:​47). Isahluko 31 silandisa indlela, ngemva kokubhalwa koMthetho nokunikezwa kweziyalezo ngokuphathelene nokufundwa kwawo kwasikhathi sonke obala, uMose athuma ngayo uJoshuwa, emtshela ukuba abe nesibindi futhi aqine, nendlela uMose aqamba ngayo ingoma yesikhumbuzo futhi eqeda ukubhalwa kwamazwi oMthetho futhi ehlela ukuba abekwe eceleni komphongolo wesivumelwano kaJehova. Ngemva kwalokho, uMose usho amazwi engoma kulo lonke ibandla njengokunxusa kokugcina.

27. Yisiphi isigijimi esinamandla esiqukethwe engomeni kaMose?

²⁷ Yeka indlela ebonisa ukwazisa ingoma kaMose eqala ngayo, ibonakalisa uMthombo oqabulayo wesiyalezo sakhe! “Imfundiso yami iyakuconsa njengemvula, inkulumo yami ichiche njengamazolo, njengomkhizo ohlazeni, nanjengezihlambi etshanini, ngokuba ngiyakumemezela igama likaJehova.” Yebo, mnikeni “uNkulunkulu wethu,” “idwala” ubukhulu. (32:​2-⁠4) Khulumani ngemisebenzi yakhe ephelele, izindlela zakhe ezilungile, nokwethembeka kwakhe, ukulunga, nobuqotho. Kwakuyihlazo ukuba uIsrayeli enze ngokubhubhisayo, nakuba uJehova ayemzungezile oqwathuleni lomkhulungwane kwahlongasibi, ebalondoloza njengenhlamvu yeso lakhe futhi enabisela amaphiko akhe phezu kwabo njengokhozi phezu kwamazinyane alo. Wenza abantu bakhuluphala, ebabiza ngokuthi uJeshuruni, “Oqotho,” kodwa bamenza waba nesikhwele ngonkulunkulu bezinye izizwe futhi baba “abantwana okungekho kubo ukukholwa.” (32:​20) Impindiselo nokujezisa ngokukaJehova. Uyabulala futhi aphilise. Lapho elola inkemba yakhe ebenyezelayo nesandla sakhe sibamba ukwahlulela, ngempela uyophindisela ezitheni zakhe. Yeka ithemba lokhu okumelwe kulifake kubantu bakhe! Njengoba ingoma isho emvuthwandaba, isikhathi ‘sokwenanela abantu bakhe nina-zizwe.’ (32:​43) Iyiphi imbongi yezwe engake izame ukuqonda ubuhle obuphakeme, amandla, nokujula kwalokho okushiwo yilengoma yokudumisa uJehova?

28. UJehova udunyiswa kanjani esibusisweni sokugcina sikaMose?

²⁸ Isibusiso sokugcina sikaMose (32:​48–34:​12). Manje uMose unikezwa iziyalezo zokugcina ngokuphathelene nokufa kwakhe, kodwa akakayiqedi inkonzo yakhe engokwasezulwini. Okokuqala, kumelwe abusise uIsrayeli, futhi ekwenzeni lokhu, uyaphinda udumisa uJehova, iNkosi eJeshuruni, njengokhazimula nezigidigidi zakhe ezingcwele. Isizwe ngasinye sakwaIsrayeli sigagulwa ngegama njengoba sithola isibusiso, khona-ke uMose udumisa uJehova njengoPhakeme: “UNkulunkulu wasendulo uyisiphephelo, nangaphansi zikhona izingalo ezingunaphakade.” (33:​27) Ube esekhuluma amazwi akhe okugcina esizweni, avela enhliziyweni echichima ukwazisa: “Ubusisiwe wena-Israyeli; ngubani ofana nawe, isizwe esisindisiwe nguJehova?”​—⁠33:⁠29.

29. UMose wayevelele ngaziphi izindlela?

²⁹ Ngemva kokubuka iZwe Lesithembiso eseNtabeni iNebo, uMose uyafa, futhi uJehova umngcwaba kwaMowabi, ithuna lakhe alaziwa futhi alihlonishwa kuze kube namuhla. Waphila iminyaka engu-120, kodwa “iso lakhe lalingafiphele, amandla akhe ayengakanciphi.” UJehova wayemsebenzisele ukwenza izibonakaliso nezimangaliso ezinkulu, futhi njengoba isahluko sokugcina silandisa, “akuvelanga ngasemuva kwaIsrayeli umprofethi onjengoMose, owazana noJehova ubuso nobuso.”​—⁠34:​7, 10.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO

30. Incwadi kaDuteronomi iba kanjani isiphetho esifanelekayo seziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala?

³⁰ Njengencwadi yokugcina yeziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, uDuteronomi uhlanganisa konke lokhu okuye kwenzeka ngaphambili ekumemezeleni nasekungcweliseni igama elikhulu likaJehova uNkulunkulu. Nguye kuphela onguNkulunkulu, ofuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile futhi ongabekezeleli ukubangiswa onkulunkulu abangamademoni bokukhulekela kwenkolo yamanga. Osukwini lwanamuhla, wonke amaKristu kumelwe anakekele ngobuqotho izimiso ezinkulu ezigcizelela umthetho kaNkulunkulu futhi amlalele ukuze angatholi isiqalekiso sakhe njengoba elola inkemba yakhe ebenyezelayo yokuziphindiselela ezitheni zakhe. Umyalo wakhe omkhulu kunayo yonke nongowokuqala kumelwe ube isiqondiso ekuphileni kwawo: “Wothanda uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakho, nangawo wonke umphefumulo wakho, nangawo onke amandla akho.”​—⁠6:⁠5.

31. Eminye imibhalo ephefumlelwe iyisebenzisa kanjani incwadi kaDuteronomi ekwandiseni ukwazisa ngezinjongo zikaNkulunkulu?

³¹ Yonke eminye imiBhalo ibhekisela kaningi kuDuteronomi ukuze ikhulise ukwazisa ngezinjongo zaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwezingcaphuno zakhe ekuphenduleni uMlingi, uJesu wabhekisela nakweminye imiBhalo. (Dut. 5:​16​—⁠Math. 15:⁠4; Dut. 17:6​—⁠Math. 18:​16 noJoh. 8:​17) Lena iqhubekela kusAmbulo, lapho uJesu okhazinyulisiwe ekugcineni exwayisa khona ngokunezela noma ngokukhipha emqulwini wesiprofetho sikaJehova. (Dut. 4:2​—⁠IsAm. 22:​18) UPetru ucaphuna kuDuteronomi ukuze aqinise inkulumo yakhe enamandla yokuthi uJesu unguKristu nomProfethi omkhulu kunoMose uJehova athembisa ukumvusa kwaIsrayeli. (Dut. 18:​15-19​—⁠IzE. 3:​22, 23) UPawulu ucaphuna kuye uma ebhekisela emvuzweni wezisebenzi, ukuhlolisisa ngemilomo yawofakazi, nokuqeqeshwa kwabantwana.​—⁠Dut. 25:4​—⁠1 Kor. 9:​8-10 neyoku-⁠1 Thim. 5:​17, 18; Dut. 13:​14 no-19:15​—⁠1 Thim. 5:​19 neyesi-⁠2 Kor. 13:⁠1; Dut. 5:16​—⁠Efe. 6:​2, 3.

32. Kungaziphi izindlela uJoshuwa, uGideyoni, nabaprofethi beyizibonelo ezinhle kithi?

³² Akubona abalobi bemiBhalo yamaKristu kuphela abathola isiqondiso nesikhuthazo kuDuteronomi kodwa futhi nezinceku zikaNkulunkulu zangaphambi kwesikhathi sobuKristu. Senza kahle ngokulandela isibonelo sazo. Cabangela ukulalela okuphelele komlandeli kaMose, uJoshuwa, ekubhubhiseni imizi phakathi nokuhlaselwa kweKhanani, engathathi-mpango njengoba kwenza uAkani. (Dut. 20:​15-18 no-21:23​—⁠Josh. 8:​24-27, 29) Ukukhipha kukaGideyoni labo ‘abesabayo bethuthumela’ ebuthweni lakhe kwakungenxa yokulalela uMthetho. (Dut. 20:​1-9​—⁠AbAhl. 7:​1-11) Kwakungenxa yokwethembeka emthethweni kaJehova ukuthi abaprofethi kwaIsrayeli nakwaJuda bakhuluma ngokungesabi nangesibindi ekulahleni izizwe eziziphethe kabi. UAmose unikeza isibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu. (Dut. 24:​12-15​—⁠Amose 2:​6-⁠8) Ngempela, kunamakhulu angokoqobo ezibonelo ezihlanganisa uDuteronomi nalo lonke iZwi likaNkulunkulu, ngaleyondlela zibonisa ukuthi uyingxenye ezuzisayo yento ephelele enobunye.

33. (a) Incwadi kaDuteronomi ikuzwakalisa kanjani ukudumisa uJehova? (b) Yini uhlu olulapha oluyibonisayo ngokuqaphela kwezizwe zomhlaba izimiso zomthetho kaNkulunkulu?

³³ Wona kanye umongo wencwadi kaDuteronomi uzwakalisa ukudumisa uNkulunkulu onguMbusi, uJehova. Igcizelela ize iyophela: ‘Dumisani uJehova; mnikeni ukuzinikela okukhethekile.’ Nakuba uMthetho ungasabophi kumaKristu, izimiso zawo eziyisisekelo aziqedwanga. (Gal. 3:​19) Yeka ukuthi kuningi kanjani amaKristu eqiniso angakufunda kulencwadi enamandla yomthetho kaNkulunkulu, nokufundisa kwayo okuthuthukayo, ubuqotho, nokubekwa ngendlela elula! Phela, ngisho nezizwe zomhlaba ziye zabuqaphela ubuhle bomthetho ophakeme kaJehova, zibhala iziqondiso eziningi zikaDuteronomi ezincwadini zazo zomthetho. Uhlu olulapha lunikeza izibonelo ezithakazelisayo zemithetho eziye zathathela kuyo noma zayisebenzisa njenge sisekelo.

34. Yikuphi ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi nalokhu “Kuphindwa KoMthetho” noMbuso kaNkulunkulu?

³⁴ Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuchazwa koMthetho kukhomba futhi kukhulisa ukwazisa ngoMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Kanjani? Lapho isesemhlabeni iNkosi Emisiwe, uJesu Kristu, yayijwayelene kakhulu nalencwadi futhi yayisebenzisa, njengoba ukubhekisela kwayo okunekhono kuyo kubonisa. Ekwenabiseleni kwayo ukubusa koMbuso wayo phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba, iyobusa ngokwezimiso ezilungile ‘zalomthetho,’ futhi bonke labo abazibusisa kuyo ‘njengembewu’ yoMbuso kuyodingeka balalele lezimiso. (Gen. 22:​18; Dut. 7:​12-14) Kuyazuzisa ukuqala ukuzilalela manje. Njengoba ungesona nakancane isidala, ‘lomthetho’ oneminyaka engu-⁠3 500 ukhuluma nathi namuhla ngamazwi anamandla, futhi uzoqhubeka ukhuluma kuze kube sezweni elisha ngaphansi koMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Kwangathi igama likaJehova lingaqhubeka lingcweliswa phakathi kwabantu bakhe ekusebenziseni zonke iziqondiso ezizuzisayo zeziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, lezo ezifinyelela umvuthwandaba wazo kahle kangaka kuDuteronomi​—⁠ngempela ingxenye ephefumlelwe nethakazelisayo yayo “yonke imiBhalo”!

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ishadi ekhasini 41]

EZINYE IZANDULELA EZINGOKOMTHETHO ENCWADINI KADUTERONOMId

I. Imithetho yomuntu siqu neyomkhaya Izahluko Namavesi

A. Izihlobo zomuntu

1. Abazali nabantwana 5:⁠16

2. Ubuhlobo basemshadweni 22:​30; 27:​20, 22, 23

3. Imithetho yesehlukaniso 22:​13-19, 28, 29

B.Amalungelo empahla 22:​1-⁠4

II. Imithetho kahulumeni

A. Izimfanelo nemisebenzi yenkosi 17:​14-⁠20

B. Imithetho yezempi

1. Ukukhululeka kwezempi 20:​1, 5-⁠7; 24:5

2. Izikhulu ezingaphansi 20:9

III. Ezokwahlulela

A. Imisebenzi yabahluleli 16:​18, 20

B. Inkantolo enkulu yokudlulisa amacala 17:​8-⁠11

IV. Imithetho yamacala

A. Amacala enziwa kuhulumeni

1. Ukufumbathisa, ukuphendukezela ukwahlulela 16:​19, 20

2. Ukwephula isifungo 5:⁠20

B. Amacala okuziphatha

1. Ukuphinga 5:​18; 22:​22-⁠24

2. Umshado ongekho emthethweni 22:​30; 27:​20, 22, 23

C. Amacala enziwa kumuntu

1. Ukubulala nokuhlasela 5:​17; 27:⁠24

2. Ukudlwengula nokuyengela ekuhlobongeni 22:​25-⁠29

V. Imithetho yobuntu

A. Umusa ezilwaneni 25:⁠4; 22:​6, 7

B. Ukucabangela abaneshwa 24:​6, 10-⁠18

C. Ukwakha umthetho wokulondeka 22:8

[Umbhalo waphansi]