IPharadesi

Incazelo: Enguqulweni yeBhayibheli yesiGreki iSeptuagint abahumushi ngokufanelekile basebenzisa igama elithi “ipharadesi” (pa·raʹdei·sos) lapho bebhekisela ensimini yase-Edene, ngoba ngokusobala yayiyipaki elibiyelwe. Ngemva kwendaba kaGenesise, imibhalo yeBhayibheli ekhuluma ngepharadesi ibhekisela (1) ensimini yase-Edene ngokwayo, noma (2) umhlaba uwonke lapho uyoshintshwa esikhathini esizayo ube sesimweni esifana nesase-Edene, noma (3) izimo ezingokomoya ezichumayo phakathi kwezinceku zikaNkulunkulu emhlabeni, noma (4) amalungiselelo asezulwini akhumbuza umuntu nge-Edene.

Ingabe i“Testamente Elisha” liyabhekisela epharadesi lasemhlabeni elizayo noma ingabe lokho kuse“Testamenteni Elidala” kuphela?

Ukwehlukanisa iBhayibheli libe izingxenye ezimbili, ukubona ukubaluleka kwezinkulumo zalo ngesisekelo sokuthi zisengxenyeni “Endala” noma “Entsha” akukhona okungokomBhalo. Kweyesi-2 Thimothewu 3:16 siyatshelwa: “Yonke imibhalo iphefumulelwe nguNkulunkulu ilungele ukufundisa, nokusola, nokuqondisa.” EyabaseRoma 15:4 ibhekisela emiBhalweni ephefumlelwe engaphambi kobuKristu uma ithi: “Konke okwalotshwa ngaphambili kwalotshelwa ukufundiswa kwethu.” Ngakho-ke, impendulo ezwakalayo kulombuzo kumelwe ibe ngeyokucabangela iBhayibheli lilonke.

UGenesise 2:8 uthi: “UJehova uNkulunkulu watshala insimu [“ipaki,” Mo; “ipharadesi,” Dy; pa·raʹdei·son, LXX] e-Edene ngasempumalanga; wambeka khona umuntu [uAdamu] amenzileyo.” Kwakukhona inala yezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene nezikhangayo. UJehova wabusisa abantu ababili bokuqala wathi kubo: “Zalani, nande, nigcwalise umhlaba, niwunqobe, nibuse phezu kwezinhlanzi zolwandle, nezinyoni zezulu, nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni.” (Gen. 1:28) Injongo kaNkulunkulu yasekuqaleni yokuba wonke umhlaba ube ipharadesi elakhiwe ilabo abalalela imithetho yakhe ngokwazisa ngeke ingagcwaliseki. (Isaya 45:18; 55:10, 11) Kungakho uJesu athi: “Babusisiwe abamnene, ngokuba bayakudla ifa lomhlaba.” Kungakho futhi afundisa abafundi bakhe ukuba bathandaze: “Baba wethu osezulwini, malingcweliswe igama lakho; mawufike umbuso wakho; mayenziwe intando yakho emhlabeni njengasezulwini.” (Math. 5:5; 6:9, 10) Ngokuvumelana nalokho, eyabase-Efesu 1:9-11 ichaza injongo kaNkulunkulu yokuba “kuhlanganiselwe ndawonye kuKristu konke okusezulwini nokusemhlabeni.” EyamaHeberu 2:5 ikhuluma ‘ngezwe elizayo.’ IsAmbulo 5:10 sikhuluma ngalabo, njengezindlalifa noKristu, abayoba “ngumbuso . . . babuse emhlabeni.” IsAmbulo 21:1-5 no-22:1, 2 sinezela incazelo ejabulisayo yezimo eziyoba khona ‘emhlabeni omusha’ futhi lokho kukhumbuza umuntu ngePharadesi lokuqala e-Edene nomuthi walo wokuphila.—Gen. 2:9.

Ngokungaphezulu, uJesu wasebenzisa igama lesiGreki elithi pa·raʹdei·sos lapho ebhekisela ePharadesi lasemhlabeni lesikhathi esizayo. “Wathi kuso [iselelesi esasibethelwa eceleni kukaJesu nesabonisa ukholo ekubuseni kukaJesu okuzayo]: ‘Ngiqinisile ngithi kuwe namuhla, Uyokuba nami ePharadesi.’”—Luka 23:43, NW.

Singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi uJesu wayesho ukuthini ngePharadesi enkulumweni yakhe kulesoselelesi, kuLuka 23:43?

Ingabe kwakuyindawo yesikhashana ‘yemiphefumulo engasekho yabalungileyo,’ ingxenye yeHayidese?

Uyini umsuka walowombono? IThe New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology ithi: “Ngokungenela kwemfundiso yamaG[rek]i yokungafi komphefumulo ipharadesi liba indawo yokuhlala yabalungileyo lapho besalindile.” (Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1976, eyahlelwa nguColin Brown, Umq. 2, k. 761) Ingabe lowombono ongewona ongokombhalo wawujwayelekile phakathi kwamaJuda lapho uJesu esemhlabeni? IDictionary of the Bible kaHastings ibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyangabazeka.—(Edinburgh, 1905), Umq. III, kk. 669, 670.

Ngisho noma lowombono wawungaba ngovamile phakathi kwamaJuda ekhulwini lokuqala, ingabe uJesu wayengawusekela ngokuthembisa kwakhe isoni esiphendukayo? UJesu wayebalahle ngokunamandla abaFarisi bamaJuda nababhali ngokufundisa amasiko ayengqubuzana neZwi likaNkulunkulu.—Math. 15:3-9; bheka futhi isihloko esikhulu esithi “Umphefumulo.”

UJesu waya eHayidese lapho efa, njengoba kuboniswe kuzEnzo 2:30, 31. (Umphostoli uPetru, lapho ebhekisela kumaHubo 16:10, ucashunwa esebenzisa iHayidese njengelifanayo neSheoli.) Kodwa akukho lapho iBhayibheli lisho khona ukuthi iSheoli/iHayidese ngisho nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yalo iyipharadesi elilethela umuntu injabulo. Kunalokho, umShumayeli 9:5, 10 uthi labo abalapho “abazi-lutho.”

Ingabe iPharadesi likaLuka 23:43 laliyizulu noma ingxenye ethile yezulu?

IBhayibheli alivumelani nombono wokuthi uJesu neselelesi baya ezulwini ngosuku uJesu akhuluma ngalo kuso. UJesu wayebikezele ukuthi, ngemva kokubulawa kwakhe, wayengeke avuswe kuze kube ngosuku lwesithathu. (Luka 9:22) Phakathi nalesosikhathi sezinsuku ezintathu wayengekho ezulwini, ngoba ngemva kokuvuka kwakhe watshela uMariya Magdalena: “Angikenyukeli kuBaba.” (Joh. 20:17) Kwakuyizinsuku ezingama-40 ngemva kokuvuka kukaJesu lapho abafundi bakhe bembona enyuswa emhlabeni enyamalala emehlweni abo njengoba ayeqala ukunyukela ezulwini.—IzE. 1:3, 6-11.

Iselelesi asizange sihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuya ezulwini ngisho nakamuva. ‘Sasingazelwe ngokusha’—sasingabhapathiziwe ngomoya futhi singazelwe ngomoya kaNkulunkulu. Umoya ongcwele awuzange uthululwe kubafundi bakaJesu kwaze kwaba sezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwama-50 ngemva kokufa kwalesoselelesi. (Joh. 3:3, 5; IzE. 2:1-4) Ngosuku afa ngalo, uJesu wayenze isivumelwano sombuso wasezulwini nalabo ‘ababekhuthazela naye ekulingweni kwakhe.’ Iselelesi sasingenawo umbhalo onjalo wokwethembeka ngakho-ke sasingahlanganisiwe.—Luka 22:28-30.

Yini ebonisa ukuthi leliPharadesi elasemhlabeni?

ImiBhalo yesiHeberu yayingakaze iholele amaJuda athembekile ekubeni alindele umvuzo wokuphila kwasezulwini. LeyomiBhalo yakhomba ekubuyiselweni kwePharadesi lapha emhlabeni. UDaniyeli 7:13, 14 wayebikezele ukuthi lapho “ukubusa, nobukhosi, nombuso” kunikezwa uMesiya, ‘abantu, nezizwe, nezilimi babeyomkhonza.’ Labo abangaphansi kwalowoMbuso babeyokuba lapha emhlabeni. Ngalokho esakusho kuJesu, iselelesi ngokusobala sasiveza ithemba lokuthi uJesu wayeyosikhumbula uma lesosikhathi sifika.

Khona-ke, uJesu wayeyokuba kanjani naso iselelesi? Ngokusivusa kwabafileyo, enze ilungiselelo lezidingo zaso ezingokwenyama futhi asinikeze ithuba lokufunda nokuhambisana nezimfuneko zikaJehova zokuphila okuphakade. (Joh. 5:28, 29) Ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokuphenduka nesenhlonipho salesiselelesi uJesu wabona isizathu sokusihlanganisa phakathi kwezigidi zezigidi eziyovuselwa ekuphileni kwasemhlabeni futhi zibe nethuba lokubonisa ukufaneleka kwazo ukuba ziphile phakade ePharadesi.

Kunini lapho leselelesi siyoba sePharadesi?

Ukuqonda komuntu uLuka 23:43 kuthonywa ikhefu elisetshenziswa ngumhumushi. Emibhalweni yeBhayibheli yokuqala yesiGreki lalingekho ikhefu. IThe Encyclopedia Americana (1956, Umq. XXIII, k. 16) ithi: “Akukho-mzamo wamakhefu obonakalayo emibhalweni yokuqala yamaGreki.” Amakhefu anjalo awazange asetshenziswe kwaze kwaba ngekhulu lesi-9 C.E. Ingabe uLuka 23:43 kumelwe afundeke ngokuthi, “Ngiqinisile ngithi kuwe: Namuhla uzakuba-nami eParadisi,” noma kumelwe athi, ‘Ngiqinisile ngithi kuwe namuhla, Uyokuba nami ePharadesi’? Okumelwe kube izisekelo zokunquma kulokhu izimfundiso zikaKristu nalo lonke iBhayibheli, hhayi ikhefu elafakwa kulombhalo emakhulwini eminyaka ngemva kokuba uJesu esho lawomazwi.

IThe Emphasised Bible eyahunyushwa uJ. B. Rotherham iyavumelana nekhefu elikuNew World Translation. Embhalweni waphansi kuLuka 23:43, umhumushi weBhayibheli ongumJalimane uL. Reinhardt uthi: “Ikhefu elisetshenziswayo okwamanje [ngabahumushi abaningi] kulelivesi ngokungangabazeki lingamanga futhi liyaphikisana nayo yonke indlela yokucabanga kukaKristu neyeselelesi. . . . [UKristu] ngokuqinisekile ipharadesi wayengaliqondi njengendawo ehlukaniselwe abafileyo, kodwa kunalokho njengokubuyiselwa kwepharadesi emhlabeni.”

Kunini lapho uJesu ‘ayeyofika khona embusweni wakhe’ afeze injongo kaYise yokwenza umhlaba ube ipharadesi? Incwadi yesAmbulo, eyabhalwa cishe eminyakeni engama-63 ngemva kokuba kushiwo inkulumo 0ebhalwe kuLuka 23:42, 43, ibonisa ukuthi lezizenzakalo zaziseza. (Bheka amakhasi 179-181, ngaphansi kwesithi “Izinsuku Zezenzakalo,” kanye nesihloko esikhulu esithi “Izinsuku Zokugcina.”)