Wova Lɔ̃ ɖe Mɔmaɖemaɖe Ðe Subɔsubɔhawo Ŋu Ƒe Agɔdzedze Dzi Azɔ

ETSO NYƆ! ƑE NUŊLƆLA SI LE BRITAIN GBƆ

BRITAINTƆWO ƒe magazine si nye Catholic Herald si do le December 11, 1998, dzi ƒo nu tso tanya sia ŋu be: “Fianyɔnu Mary ƒe ‘Hlɔ̃donuwɔna Dziŋɔwo’ Ve Bisiɔpwo.” Roma Katoliko bisiɔp siwo le England kple Wales lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be “wowɔ nuvɔ̃ dziŋɔwo le Katolikoha la ƒe ŋkɔ me, le kpɔɖeŋu me, ɖe Protestanttɔwo ŋu le Subɔsubɔhawo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖowɔɣia le Great Britain.” Amekae nye Fianyɔnu Mary? Nuvɔ̃ kawoe wòwɔ si wɔe be wova lɔ̃ ɖe agɔdzedze ma dzi? Eye nukatae wònye fifiae England kple Wales bisiɔpwo tia be yewoagblɔ nya sia?

Wodzi Mary Tudor le ƒe 1516 me esime England nye Roma Katoliko dukɔ. Enye Catherine si tso Aragon, si nye Fia Henry VIII srɔ̃nyɔnu gbãtɔ, ƒe vinyɔnu ɖekɛ si ko nɔ agbe. Mary dadaa nyii wònye Katolikotɔ akuaku. Fofoa nɔ viŋutsu si anyi eƒe dome dim, gake Catherine medzi ŋutsuvi aɖeke nɛ o. Esi papa gbe be yemate fli ɖe Henry kple Catherine ƒe srɔ̃ɖeɖea me o la, Henry wɔ nusi dze eya ŋutɔ ŋu, eye eƒe nuwɔna sia na mɔ va ʋu na Protestanttɔwo ƒe Ðɔɖɔɖo le England. Eɖe Anne Boleyn le ƒe 1533 me, si nye ɣleti ene do ŋgɔ na Canterbury ƒe Bisiɔpgã Thomas Cranmer ƒe gbeƒãɖeɖee be Henry kple srɔ̃anyɔnu gbãtɔ ƒe srɔ̃ɖeɖe megale se nu o.

Le ƒe si kplɔe ɖo me la, Henry si tsi tre ɖe papa ŋu la tso kadodo ɖesiaɖe me kple Roma eye woɖoe England Sɔlemeha ƒe tatɔe. Mary, amesi wobu fifia be enye ahasivi, megakpɔ dadaa ŋkume kpɔ le ema megbe o elabena wozi Catherine dzi wòɖanɔ eƒe agbe ƒe ƒe mamlɛawo le teƒe saɖeaga aɖe.

Protestanttɔwo ƒe Mɔmaɖemaɖeɖenuŋu

Le ƒe 13 siwo kplɔe ɖo me la, wowu amesiwo gbe lɔlɔ̃ ɖe Henry ƒe tatɔnyenye na sɔlemehaa dzi alo amesiwo kpɔtɔ da asi ɖe papa ƒe dziɖuɖu dzi. Henry ku le ƒe 1547 me eye Edward, si nye ƒe asieke vi, henye viaŋutsu si ko womebu ahasivii o, si srɔ̃nyɔnu ade siwo nɔ esi dometɔ etɔ̃lia dzi nɛ, va xɔ ɖe eteƒe zu fia. Edward kple eƒe aɖaŋuɖolawo te kpɔ be yewoana England nazu Protestant-dukɔ. Woti Roma Katolikotɔwo yome le woƒe dzixɔsewo me léle ɖe asi ta, eye woɖe subɔsubɔkpememewo kple vɔsamlekpuiwo ɖa le sɔlemexɔwo me.

Eteƒe medidi o wote fli ɖe se siwo xe mɔ ɖe Biblia tata kple exexlẽ le Eŋlisigbe me nu la me, eye wodze egɔme nɔ Biblia xlẽm ɖe Eŋlisigbe me le sɔleme nufiafiawo me, meganye ɖe Latingbe me azɔ o. Gake le ƒe 1553 me la, yɔmekpe wu Edward esime wòxɔ ƒe 15 ko. Wobu Mary be eyae nye zikpuia domenyila si dze ale wòva zu fianyɔnu le England.

Katolikotɔwo ƒe Mɔmaɖemaɖeɖenuŋu

Gbã la, amewo xɔ Mary si xɔ ƒe 37 ɣemaɣi la nyuie, gake eteƒe medidi o ame geɖe megava kpɔ ŋudzedze ɖe eŋu o. Protestant-hawo ƒe nufiafia kple nuwɔnae va ma eteviwo, gake fifia Mary ɖoe kplikpaa be yeana dukɔa nagatrɔ zu Roma Katolikoha la me tɔwo. Le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe me la, wote fli ɖe mawusubɔsubɔse siwo katã Edward de me. Mary bia tsɔtsɔke le papa gbɔ ɖe dukɔa ta. Ale England gava zu Roma Katoliko dukɔ ake.

Ðekawɔwɔ kple Roma ake sia hã gahe Protestanttɔwo yometiti vevie vɛ. Wobu wo be wosɔ kple dɔ vɔ̃ɖi aɖe si wòle be woada kaba hafi wòava gblẽ nu le ŋutilã bliboa katã ŋu. Wotɔ dzo ame geɖe siwo gbe Roma Katoliko tɔwo ƒe nufiafiawo xɔxɔ la ɖe ati ŋu agbagbee.

Tohehe na Aglãdzelawo

Ame gbãtɔ si wowu le Mary ƒe dziɖuɣie nye John Rogers. Eyae ƒo gɔmeɖeɖe si woyɔna be Mateo ƒe Biblia la nu ƒu, eye esiae va nye gɔmeɖeɖe si dzi wotu King James Version ɖo. Esi wògblɔ mawunya tsi tre ɖe Roma Katoliko tɔwo ŋu hexlɔ̃ nu wo le alesi “Roma Katolikotɔnyenye nye dɔvɔ̃, trɔ̃subɔsubɔ, kple aʋatsodzixɔsewo ŋu” vɔ la, wodee game ƒe ɖeka, eye le February 1555 me la, wotɔ dzoe be enye aglãdzela.

Wogblɔ be John Hooper, si nye bisiɔp le Gloucester kple Worcester, hã nye aglãdzela. Eɖe gbeƒã be esɔ be nunɔlawo naɖe srɔ̃ eye be woate ŋu agbe srɔ̃ ɖe ahasiwɔwɔ ta. Azɔ hã melɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Kristo ƒe ŋutilã va gena ɖe Misa bolo kple wein me o. Wotɔ dzo Hooper agbagbee, ese veve helĩhelĩ wòade aɖabaƒoƒo 45 kloe hafi ku. Esi dzotɔtɔa ɖo Hugh Latimer, si nye Protestanttɔ mawunyagblɔla si xɔ ƒe 70, dzi la, ede dzi ƒo na Nicholas Ridley, si nye hati Ðɔɖɔɖowɔla si hã wotɔ dzoe le ati ŋu le egbɔ la kple nya siawo be: “Aƒetɔ Ridley, wò dzi nedze eme, eye nàwɔ ŋutsu. Le Mawu ƒe amenuveve me míawo hã míasi dzo ma tɔgbe egbea le England, si mexɔ se be matsi akpɔ o.”

Wobu fɔ Thomas Cranmer, si nye Protestanttɔwo ƒe Bisiɔpgã gbãtɔ le Canterbury le Henry kple Edward ƒe dziɖuɣiwo, hã be enye aglãdzela. Togbɔ be egbe nu le eƒe Protestant dzixɔsewo gbɔ hã la, le eƒe agbe ƒe nuwuwu la, etrɔ nusi wògblɔ, bu fɔ papa be enye Kristo ƒe futɔ, eye esi wonɔ dzo tɔmee la, edo eƒe nuɖusi ɖe dzoa me be wòafiã gbã, le esi wònye eyae wòzã tsɔ de asi nugbegbe le Protestanttɔnyenye gbɔ ƒe agbalẽa te ta.

Togbɔ be ne mede ɖeke o la, Protestanttɔ kesinɔtɔ siwo ade 800 ya teti si yi duta be yewoanɔ dedie hã la, le ƒe etɔ̃ kple ɣleti asieke siwo do ŋgɔ na Mary ƒe ku me la, wotɔ dzo amesiwo ade 277 ya teti ɖe ati ŋu le England. Amesiwo wowu dometɔ geɖe nye dumevi dzro siwo meganya nusi dzi woaxɔ ase o. Wobu fɔ papa ɖeviwo se tsɔ tsii, eye fifia woawoe ma wole to hem na le esi woƒo nu tsi tre ɖe eŋu ta. Ame bubuwo srɔ̃ Biblia xexlẽ eye woa ŋutɔ ƒe subɔsubɔnukpɔsusuwo va nɔ wo si.

Alesi ŋutsu, nyɔnu, kple ɖevi siwo wotɔ dzoe ɖe ati ŋu mekuna kaba o eye wonɔa veve sem helĩhelĩi la dzi ŋɔ na ame geɖe. Ŋutinyaŋlɔla Carolly Erickson ƒo nu tso nudzɔdzɔ sia tɔgbe aɖe ŋu ale: “Zi geɖe la, nakeawo meƒuna nyuie o, alo dzodonuawo nɔa mumu ale gbegbe be womebina kaba o. Ðukotoku siwo woblana ɖe amesiwo wonɔ dzo tɔmee ŋu be wòana woafia aku kaba be woagase veve ɣeyiɣi didi o la gbea dzoléle, alo ewɔa nuvevi ko wo gake mewua wo o.” Womeblaa nu na amesiwo wum wonɔ o, eyata “woƒe ɣlidodo kple gbedodoɖawo ɖina sesĩe eye zi geɖe la, woɖina vaseɖe woƒe kuɣi.”

Ðikeke ɖo ame geɖe me le subɔsubɔha si wòahiã be wòatɔ dzo ame ɖe ati ŋu atsɔ zi eƒe nufiafia ɖe amewo dzii ƒe nyonyo ŋu. Vevesese ɖe ame kukuawo nu na be henɔwo kpa ha ɖe Protestanttɔ xɔsetakukulawo ŋu. John Foxe dze eƒe agbalẽ si nye Book of Martyrs (Xɔsetakukulawo ƒe Agbalẽ) ŋɔŋlɔ gɔme ɣemaɣi, eye enye agbalẽ si va kpɔ ŋusẽ si de Biblia tɔ nu kloe ɖe Protestanttɔ Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo dzi. Ame geɖe siwo nye Roma Katolikotɔwo le Mary ƒe dziɖuɣia ƒe gɔmedzedze la va zu Protestanttɔwo hafi eƒe dziɖuɣia wu enu.

Nusi Mary Gblẽ Ði

Le Mary ƒe fianyɔnu zuzu megbe la, egblɔ be yeaɖe ye nyrui ƒe vi Philip, si gbɔna fiazikpui dome nyi ge le Spain. Enye dutafia eye wònye Roma Katolikotɔ akuakua, esi nye nusi Eŋlisiawo medi kura o. Aglãdzedze ƒe gbɔlɔlɔ aɖe si Protestanttɔwo wɔ be woatsɔ atɔ te srɔ̃ɖeɖea do kpo nu, eye wowu aglãdzela 100. Philip kple Mary ɖe wo nɔewo le July 25, 1554, dzi, ke hã womeɖo Philip fiae gbeɖe o. Gake woƒe vimadzimadzi zu nuxaxa na Mary, amesi di vi aɖe si ava nye yeƒe domenyila si anye Roma Katolikotɔ.

Mary ƒe lãme va gblẽ eye le dziɖuɖu ɣeyiɣi kpui si nye ƒe atɔ̃ megbe la, eku esi wòxɔ ƒe 42. Exa nu vevie tsɔ yi ku mee. Eƒe nu ti kɔ na srɔ̃aŋutsu, eye etevi akpa gãtɔ lé fui. Esi wòku la, kplɔ̃ɖoɖowo yi edzi le London-nɔla geɖe dome le ablɔwo dzi. Le esi teƒe be wòagbugbɔ aɖo Roma Katolikotɔnyenye te la, eƒe zazɛ̃nyahehe va do Protestanttɔnyenye boŋ ɖe ŋgɔ. Nusi wògblẽ ɖi la katã dze le ŋkɔ si wova nya nɛ tso ɣemaɣi la me be: Mary Ʋukɔɖila.

Dzitsinya ƒe Nyaƒoɖeamenu Gbegblẽ Ðe Fu Nɛ

Nukata Mary de se wotɔ dzo ame gbogbo mawo gbegbe woku? Wofiae be aglãdzelawo nye amesiwo meɖi anukware na Mawu o, eye wòbui be enye yeƒe agbanɔamedzi be yeatsi woƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nu hafi wòava gblẽ nu le dukɔ bliboa katã ŋu. Eɖo to eƒe dzitsinya gake eŋe aɖaba ƒu ame bubu siwo ƒe dzitsinya kplɔ wo to mɔ bubui la ƒe gomenɔamesiwo dzi.

Gake Prostestanttɔwo hã nye mɔmaɖeɖenuŋulawo nenema ke. Wotɔ dzo amewo le Henry kple Edward ƒe dziɖuɣiwo hã ɖe woƒe subɔsubɔdzixɔsewo ta. Elizabeth I, si nye Prostestanttɔ si va xɔ ɖe Mary teƒe, na wobu Roma Katoliko dzixɔsewo me léle ɖe asi be enye anukwaremaɖimaɖi ƒe nuvɔ̃ gã aɖe, eye le eƒe dziɖuɣi la, wowu Eŋlisi Roma Katolikotɔ siwo wu 180. Le ƒe alafa si kplɔe ɖo me la, wowu ame alafa geɖe kpee le woƒe subɔsubɔ nukpɔsusuwo ta.

Nukata Wole Tsɔtsɔke Biam Fifia?

December 10, 1998, dzie woɖu Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Xexeame Katã ƒe Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesi Sewo ƒe ƒe 50 xɔxɔzã. Eme sedede 18 lia lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be “ele be tamebubu, dzitsinya kple mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe ablɔɖe ƒe gome nanɔ amesiame si,” esi ƒe ɖee nye be ame ate ŋu atrɔ eƒe subɔsubɔ eye wòkpɔ mɔ afia eƒe dzixɔsewo eye wòanɔ agbe ɖe wo nu. Roma Katoliko bisiɔp siwo le England kple Wales tia Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe Xexeame Katã ƒe Amegbetɔ ƒe Gomenɔamesi Sewo ƒe ƒe 50 xɔxɔzã ɖuɣi sia be “enye ɣeyiɣi si sɔ be Katolikotɔwo nadzro woƒe dzitsinyawo me le nya siawo ŋu” eye woalɔ̃ ɖe “nuvɔ̃ dziŋɔ” siwo wowɔ, vevietɔ le Mary Tudor ƒe dziɖuɣi dzi.

Togbɔ be mɔmaɖemaɖe ɖe subɔsubɔhawo ŋu ƒe nuwɔna siawo siwo dzɔ ƒe 450 kloe nye esia va yi le wo vem hã la, ɖe nane trɔ ŋutɔŋutɔa? Womegale dzo tɔm amewo ɖe ati ŋu ya o, gake ame geɖe siwo be Kristotɔwoe yewonye yi edzi le nu gblẽm le subɔsubɔha bubu me tɔwo ŋu hele wo wuwu dzi. Mɔmaɖemaɖeɖenuŋu mawo medzea Mawu ŋu o. Le nyateƒe me la, Yesu Kristo, amesi ɖe Mawu ƒe nɔnɔmewo fia pɛpɛpɛ la, gblɔ be: “Esia me amewo katã woanyae le bena, nye nusrɔ̃lawo mienye, ne lɔlɔ̃ le mia dome.”—Yohanes 13:35.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 20]

Fianyɔnu Mary

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Tso agbalẽ si nye A Short History of the English People me

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 21]

Wotɔ dzo Latimer kple Ridley ɖe ati ŋu

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Tso agbalẽ si nye Foxe’s Book of Martyrs me

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 21]

Cranmer na dzo fia eƒe nuɖusi gbã

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Tso agbalẽ si nye The History of England (Vol. 1) me

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 20]

Border: 200 Decorative Title-Pages/Alexander Nesbitt/Dover Publications, Inc.