Michael Faraday—Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala Kple Xɔsetɔ

“Amesi To Elektrikŋusẽ Vɛ.” “Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe numekula gãtɔ kekeake.” Nya eve siawoe wogblɔ tsɔ kafu Michael Faraday, amesi wodzi le ƒe 1791 me le England, eye wòto alesi elektrikŋusẽ naa ga te ŋu hea wo nɔewo vɛ si na wote ŋu wɔ elektrikmɔ̃wo kple mɔ̃ siwo naa elektrikŋusẽ.

FARADAY fia nu tsitotsito le atikewo dodo kpɔ kpakple nuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nunya ŋu le Dziɖuɖu ƒe Suku Kɔkɔ le London. Eƒe nufiafia si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be amewo nanya nu tso dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ŋu la wɔe be sɔhɛwo te ŋu se nufiafia sesẽwo gɔme. Exɔ kafukafu tso yunivɛsiti geɖe. Gake egbe be woagado boblo yeƒe ŋkɔ o. Enye amesi lɔ̃ mawusubɔsubɔ vevie, eye ekpɔa dzidzɔ wu ne eya kple eƒe ƒomea kple haxɔsetɔwo ɖeɖe le eƒe aƒe si me xɔ etɔ̃ le la me. Faraday nɔ ƒuƒoƒo si eya ŋutɔ yɔ be “Kristotɔwo ƒe kɔmamã sue aɖe si amewo mebuna o, si . . . woyɔna be Sandemantɔwo” la me. Amekawoe wonye? Nukae nye woƒe dzixɔse? Eye aleke esia kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Faraday dzii?

Sandemantɔwo

Geoffrey Cantor, amesi ŋlɔ agbalẽ si nye Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and Scientist la gblɔ be: “Ðekawɔwɔ si nɔ Faraday-ƒomea kple Sandeman-ha dome dze egɔme tso Michael Faraday tɔgbuiwo dzi.” Wode ha kple nunɔla tsatsala aɖe si nɔa Sandemantɔwo ƒe dzixɔse siwo to vovo kakam la yomedzelawo.

Robert Sandeman (ƒe 1718-71) nye sukuvi si nɔ akɔntabubu, Helagbe, kple gbe bubuwo srɔ̃m le Edinburgh-yunivɛsiti esi gbeɖeka wòse nunɔla John Glass si do go le Presbyteria-ha me ƒe mawunyagbɔgblɔ. Nusi wòse na wòdzudzɔ yunivɛsitia dede eye wòtrɔ yi wo de le Perth heva kpe ɖe Glass kple etɔwo ŋu.

Le ƒe 1720-awo me la, John Glass va nɔ ɖi kem le Scotland Sɔlemeha la ƒe nufiafia aɖewo ŋu. Mawu ƒe Nya la sɔsrɔ̃ na wòƒo nya ta be Israel-dukɔ si le Biblia me la nye kpɔɖeŋu na gbɔgbɔ me dukɔ aɖe si me tɔwo tso dukɔ geɖe me. Mekpɔe le teƒea ɖeke be ele be dukɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe sɔlemeha nato vovo o.

Esi sɔleme si Glass dena si le Tealing, si nye Dundee ƒe gbɔtodu le Scotland, ƒe nufiafia megadze eŋu o ta la, edo le Scotland Sɔlemeha la me eye wòwɔ ɖoɖo ɖe eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpewo ŋu. Amesiwo ade alafa ɖeka va wɔ ɖeka kplii, eye tso gɔmedzedzea me ke la, wokpɔe be ele be ɖekawɔwɔ nanɔ yewo dome. Woɖoe be yewoawɔ ɖe Kristo ƒe mɔfiame si wòna le Mateo ta 18, kpukpui 15 vaseɖe 17 dzi le masɔmasɔwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me. Emegbe wokpea ta kwasiɖa ɖesiaɖe eye xɔsetɔwo ƒoa ƒu doa gbe ɖa hexɔa nuxlɔ̃amenyawo.

Esi ame gbogbo aɖe dze kpekpeawo dede gɔme le ƒuƒoƒo vovovoawo me ta la, eva hiã be woatia ŋutsu siwo axɔ ŋgɔ le woƒe tadedeagu me. Gake amekawoe dze? John Glass kple etɔwo dzro nya si apostolo Paulo ŋlɔ le nya sia ŋu me vevie. (Timoteo I, 3:1-7; Tito 1:5-9) Womekpɔe le teƒe aɖeke be ehiã be ame nade yunivɛsiti alo anya Hebrigbe kple Helagbe godoo o. Eyata esi wotsɔ gbedodoɖa de ŋugble le Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe mɔfiamewo ŋu vɔ la, wotia ŋutsu siwo dze be woanye hamemegãwo. Amesiwo lé ɖe Scotland Sɔlemeha la ŋu goŋgoŋ bui be “enye busunya” be ame manyagbalẽ siwo nye “avɔlɔ̃lawo, awutɔlawo, alo agbledelawo” nagblɔ be yewose Biblia gɔme eye yewonye emenya fialawo. Esi Glass kple ehati xɔsetɔwo tu woa ŋutɔwo ƒe akpata ɖe Perth-dua me le ƒe 1773 me hena kpekpewo wɔwɔ la, nunɔla siwo le afima ƒo nya ɖe dumegãwo nu be woanyã wo. Womete ŋui o, eye habɔbɔa dzi ɖe edzi.

Robert Sandeman ɖe Glass vinyɔnu tsitsitɔ eye esi wòxɔ ƒe 26 la, eva zu Glasstɔwo ƒe hamemegã le Perth-hamea me. Dɔ siwo nɔ edzi abe hamemegã ene la sɔ gbɔ ale gbegbe be eɖoe be yeatsɔ yeƒe ɣeyiɣi katã awɔ alẽkpɔkplɔdɔa. Robert ƒe agbenɔnɔ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi aɖe gblɔ be esi srɔ̃a ku la, “elɔ̃ kple dzidzɔ be yeawɔ Aƒetɔ la ƒe dɔa le afisiafi si hiahiã le.”

Sandemantɔwo ƒe Nufiafia Kaka

Sandeman tsɔ dzonɔameme keke eƒe gbeƒãɖeɖedɔa ɖe enu tso Scotland yi England, afisi xɔsetɔ yeyewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi le. Ɣemaɣie nyaʋiʋli aɖe ɖo Calvintɔ siwo le England la dome. Wo dometɔ aɖewo xɔe se be enye Mawu ƒe nuɖoɖi be yewoakpɔ ɖeɖe. Gake Sandeman nɔ amesiwo xɔ edzi se be xɔse enye nusi hiã na ɖeɖekpɔkpɔ la ƒe akpa dzi. Eta agbalẽ si wogbugbɔ ta zi gbɔ zi ene eye wogatae zi eve le Amerika hã tsɔ de nukpɔsusu sia dzi. Geoffrey Cantor gblɔ be agbalẽ sia tata ye nye “nu vevitɔ kekeake si do [Sandemantɔwo ƒe] kɔmamãa ɖe dzi wu nu ɖesiaɖe tso esime wodze egɔme sue le Scotland.”

Le ƒe 1764 me la, Sandeman kple Glasstɔwo ƒe hamemegã aɖewo zɔ mɔ yi Amerika eye mɔzɔzɔ sia he nyaʋiʋli kple tsitretsiɖeŋu geɖe vɛ. Gake wote ŋu ɖo Kristotɔ siwo xɔ se la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe ɖe Danbury, Connecticut.a Afimae Sandeman ku ɖo le ƒe 1771 me.

Faraday ƒe Mawusubɔsubɔ Dzixɔsewo

Sɔhɛ Michael srɔ̃ Sandemantɔwo ƒe dzixɔsewo tso edzilawo gbɔ. Ekpɔe be Sandemantɔwo ɖe wo ɖokui ɖa tso amesiwo mewɔna ɖe Biblia ƒe nufiafia dzi o gbɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, wogbe be yewomakpɔ gome le Anglikan-ha la ƒe srɔ̃ɖekɔnuwo wɔwɔ me o, eye wowɔ woƒe srɔ̃ɖeɖe abe alesi sea bia ene.

Nusi wode dzesi le Sandemantɔwo ŋu enye be wobɔbɔa wo ɖokui na dziɖuɖuwo, gake womedea akpa aɖeke dzi le dunyahehe me o. Togbɔ be wonye bubumewo le nutoa me hã la, mebɔ be woakpɔ be woxɔ dumeviwo nu nɔnɔ ƒe nɔƒewo o. Gake le nɔnɔme ʋee aɖewo siwo me woxɔ dɔdasi siawo le hã la, womeƒo wo ɖokui ɖe dunyahehawo me o. Tenɔnɔ sia me léle ɖe asi na wodo vlo wo. (Tsɔe sɔ kple Yohanes 17:14.) Sandemantɔwo xɔ edzi se be Mawu ƒe Dziƒodziɖuɖu enye dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖo nyuitɔ kekeake. Cantor gblɔ be wobua dunyahehe be enye “nuwɔna maɖinu ƒoɖi aɖe si me nu nyui wɔwɔ mele o.”

Togbɔ be woto vovo tso ame bubuwo gbɔ hã la, womewɔa nu abe Farisitɔwo ene o. Wogblɔ be: “Míekpɔe be ehiã vevie be míaƒo asa na blema Farisitɔwo ƒe Nɔnɔme kple Nuwɔna be míagawɔ Nuvɔ̃ alo abia Dɔ geɖe wu esi Ŋɔŋlɔa gblɔ o; eye míana Mawu ƒe Sewo nazu numaɖinui to amegbetɔwo ƒe Kɔnyinyiwo alo susu Dodo Ðe Ŋgɔ dzi o.”

Wowɔ ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo dzi ɖea wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe si zu ahatsunola, ŋubiãla, ahasiwɔla, alo wɔ nuvɔ̃ gã bubuwo la ɖa le hamea me. Ne nuvɔ̃wɔla la trɔ dzime vavã la, wodzea agbagba be woaɖɔe ɖo. Ne mele nenema o la, wowɔna ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔa ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame dzi be “miɖe ame vɔ̃ɖi la ɖa le mia ŋutɔ mia dome!”—Korintotɔwo I, 5:5, 11, 13.

Sandemantɔwo wɔ ɖe Biblia ƒe sedede be woatsri ʋu dzi. (Dɔwɔwɔwo 15:29) John Glass ʋli nya be ele na Mawu ƒe amewo be woawɔ ɖe ʋu ƒe sededea dzi godoo abe alesi Mawu ƒe sedede na ame gbãtɔawo be woagaɖu sidzedze nyui kple vɔ̃ ƒe atikutsetsea o le ene. (Mose I, 2:16, 17) Tomaɖomaɖo ʋu ƒe sea sɔ kple Kristo ƒe ʋu ŋudɔwɔwɔ nyui, si nye na fexexe ɖe nuvɔ̃wo ta, la gbegbe. Glass ƒo nya ta be: “Sedede sia be woatsri ʋu nye nusi wobu nya gãe kple nya vevii, eye ekpɔtɔ le nenema egbea.”

Alesi Sandemantɔwo dzro Ŋɔŋlɔawo me la kpe ɖe wo ŋu woƒo asa na vodada geɖe wɔwɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Kristo ƒe nufiafia dzie wozɔ ɖo le modzakaɖenyawo gome. Wogblɔ be: “Míate kpɔ gbeɖe ade Se ɖe nusi ŋu Kristo mede se ɖo nu o, alo ate fli ɖe se aɖe si wòna mí la me o. Eyata míekpɔe le teƒe aɖeke be wotsri Modzakaɖeɖe, le dutoƒo alo aƒeme o; míebu Modzakaɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe si mewɔ ɖeka kple Nusiwo nye nuvɔ̃ o be ele se nu.”

Togbɔ be nukpɔsusu geɖe nɔ Sandemantɔwo si siwo wotu ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo dzi wòsɔ pɛpɛpɛ hã la, womekpɔ vevienyenye si le dɔ vevitɔ si de dzesi Kristotɔ vavãwo, si nye be woaɖe gbeƒã Fiaɖuƒe ŋuti nyanyuia na ame bubuwo la ŋu dze sii o. (Mateo 24:14) Gake woɖe mɔ be amesiame ate ŋu ade woƒe kpekpewo faa, eye le afima wodzea agbagba be yewoana ŋuɖoɖo amesiame si abia nya tso dzixɔse si le wo si ŋu.—Petro I, 3:15.

Aleke dzixɔse siawo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala Michael Faraday dzii?

Faraday Sandemantɔ La

Togbɔ be wode bubu Michael Faraday ŋu, woɖo kplɔ̃ nɛ, eye wodoe ɖe dzi hã la, enɔ agbe si le bɔbɔe. Ne ame xɔŋkɔwo ku eye wobia tso ame ŋkutawo si be woade woƒe kunuwɔƒe la, wonya Faraday nyuie be medena o, eƒe dzitsinya meɖe mɔ nɛ be wòade ava wɔ ɖeka kple England Sɔlemeha la le ameɖikɔnuwo wɔwɔ me o.

Esi Faraday nye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala ta elé ɖe nusiwo ŋu wòkpɔ kpeɖodzi le be wonye nyateƒe la ŋu goŋgoŋ. Eyata medea ha kple nunyala siwo doa woa ŋutɔwo ƒe nukpɔsusu ɖe ŋgɔ hekpɔa ame ŋkume le nyawo me o. Egblɔ na nyaselawo ɣeaɖeɣi be, ‘nyateƒenya si ŋu kakaɖedzi le la medoa kpo nu gbeɖe o, eƒe kpeɖodzi nyea nyateƒe ɣesiaɣi.’ Eɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya fia be enɔ te ɖe ‘nyateƒenya siwo ŋu wolé ŋku ɖo tsitotsito dzi.’ Esi Faraday nɔ eƒe nuƒo aɖe si ku ɖe dzɔdzɔmesewo ŋu ta ƒom la, ede dzi ƒo na eƒe nyaselawo be woade ŋugble le “Amesi wɔ nusiawo” ŋu. Emegbe eyɔ Kristotɔ apostolo Paulo ƒe nyawo gblɔ be: “Tso xexemewɔwɔ dzi la, ne wobua tame le eŋuti la, wokpɔa eƒe numanyakpɔ, si nye eƒe ŋusẽ mavɔmavɔ kple mawunyenye la kɔte le eƒe dɔwɔwɔwo me.”—Romatɔwo 1:20.

Nusi na Faraday to vovo na dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala bubu geɖe enye didi si nɔ eme be yeasrɔ̃ nu tso Mawu ƒe Agbalẽ si tso gbɔgbɔ me kpakple dzɔdzɔmenuwo ŋu. Cantor gblɔ be: “To eƒe Sandemantɔnyenye me la, eke ɖe alesi wòanɔ agbe ɖe Mawu ƒe agbenyuinɔnɔ ŋuti se nu kple agbe mavɔ nɔnɔ ƒe ŋugbedodoa ŋu. Dzɔdzɔmese siwo Mawu tsɔ kplɔa xexeame godoo la ŋuti sidzedze geɖe wu su esi to eƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me.” Faraday xɔe se be “dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya mate ŋu ana woabu kpeɖodzi gã si le Biblia ŋu la nu tsɛe o, ke boŋ ne wosrɔ̃ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya le Kristotɔ vavã ƒe mɔ dzi la, ate ŋu ana numekɔkɔ geɖe le Mawu ƒe nuwɔwɔwo ŋu.”

Faraday gbe bubu siwo amewo di be yewoade eŋu la dometɔ geɖe ɖokuibɔbɔtɔe. Egbe vividodo ɖe ŋkɔ gã xɔxɔ ŋu zi geɖe. Edi be yeanye ‘Aƒetɔ Faraday dzaa ko.’ Ezã eƒe ɣeyiɣi geɖe ɖe hamemegã ƒe dɔwo ŋu, eye ezɔa mɔ edziedzi tso fiadua me yina Norfolk-kɔƒe me be yeasubɔ haxɔsetɔwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo sue si le afima.

Michael Faraday ku le August 25, 1867 dzi, eye woɖii le Highgate-meɖibɔ me le London ƒe dziehe. Agbemeŋutinyaŋlɔla John Thomas gblɔ na mí be Faraday “gblẽ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nu dzadzɛtɔ kekeake ɖi na eƒe dzidzimeviwo wu amegbetɔ ɖesiaɖe si nye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala, eye nu ŋutɔŋutɔ siwo do tso eƒe nutovɛwo me la kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ŋkuʋuʋugbenɔnɔ dzi vevie.” Sarah, ahosi si Faraday gblẽ ɖi, ŋlɔ bena: “Nubabla Yeye la ko mate ŋu afia asii be eyae nye eƒe mɔfiame kple se; elabena enya nyuie be Mawu ƒe Nyae . . . eye be esɔ na egbegbe Kristotɔwo abe alesi wònɔ le ɣeyiɣi si me woŋlɔe ene”—esia nye nuƒoƒo nyuie tso dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala ɖedzesi si tsɔ dzi blibo nɔ agbe ɖe eƒe xɔse nu ŋu.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Aɖaka si le axa 29]

Esi Michael Faraday nye nufialagã le Dziɖuɖu ƒe Suku Kɔkɔ le England la, ekɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyuie le mɔ si nu ɖeviwo gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu ase egɔme. Aɖaŋu si wòɖo na ehati nufialawo nye aɖaŋuɖoɖo nyui siwo dzi egbegbe Kristotɔ siwo fiaa nu le gaglãgbe ate ŋu awɔ ɖo.

◻ “Mele be woatsi dzi ɖe nuƒo ŋu agblɔ nyawo kabakaba, si awɔe be womate ŋu ase egɔme o, ke boŋ woagbɔ dzi ɖi eye woate gbe ɖe edzi.”

◻ Ele be nuƒola nadze agbagba anyɔ nyaselawo ƒe ɖetsɔleme “tso nuƒoa ƒe gɔmedzedze ke eye to nya siwo de nu wo nɔewo me zazã dzi ʋeʋeʋe la, wòana nyaselawo natsɔ ɖe le nuƒoa katã me le woƒe manyamanya me zi alesi nyatia abia nenema.”

◻ “Nuƒola ɖea bubu si le eŋu la dzi kpɔtɔna kura nenye be edze agbagba be woaƒo asikpe na ye godoo to biabia be woaɖe ŋudzedzekpɔkpɔ afia me.”

◻ Ku ɖe nuƒogbalẽvi zazã ŋu: “Mekpɔe be ehiã ɣesiaɣi . . . be maɖo [nyatia] ɖe ɖoɖo nu le agbalẽ dzi eye akpa vovovoawo nanɔ susu me nam be maɖo ŋku wo dzi atsɔ wo ade nuƒoa me, to dzesidenu siwo ana maɖo ŋku wo dzi wɔwɔ me alo to mɔ bubu aɖe nu. . . . Meɖoa ta[nya] veviwo kple sueawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu, eye mekpɔa esiawo dzi kɔa nyatia me.”

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 26]

Nɔnɔmetata eveawo: Le Royal Institution ƒe mɔɖeɖe nu