“Yehowa” alo “Yahweh”?
“NYAKPAKPA,” “nya tovo,” “busunya.” Nukae na Hebrigbe me Biblia-nyalagãwo zã nya sẽŋu mawo? Nya si ʋlim wole enye be “Yehowa” ye nye Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ yɔyɔ nyuitɔ hã. Woʋli nya sia wu ƒe alafa ɖeka. Egbea la, edze abe agbalẽnyalagã akpa gãtɔ da asi ɖe nyakui eve ŋkɔyɔyɔ si nye “Yahweh” dzi ene. Gake ɖe eyɔyɔ be “Yehowa” nye “busunya” nenema gbegbea?
Nyaʋiʋlia ƒe Ke
Le Biblia ƒe nya nu la, Mawu ŋutɔ ɖe eƒe ŋkɔ fia amegbetɔƒomea. (Mose II, 3:15) Kpeɖodziwo le Ŋɔŋlɔawo me be Mawu-subɔla siwo nɔ anyi le blema zã ŋkɔa faa. (Mose I, 12:8; Rut 2:4) Dukɔ bubu me tɔwo hã nya Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ. (Yosua 2:9) Dukɔ bubu me tɔwo va nya ŋkɔa vevietɔ esi Yudatɔ siwo gbɔ tso aboyomenɔnɔ le Babilon va nɔ kadodo me kple dukɔ geɖe me tɔwo. (Psalmo 96:2-10; Yesaya 12:4; Maleaxi 1:11) The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible gblɔ be: “Kpeɖodzi geɖe li be le Yudatɔwo ƒe aboyomenɔnɔ megbe la, dukɔ bubu me tɔ geɖe va ku ɖe Yuda-subɔsubɔ ŋu.” Gake kaka ƒe alafa gbãtɔ M.Ŋ. naɖo la, aʋatsodzixɔse aɖe va nɔ amewo si le Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ ŋu. Mlɔeba la, menye ɖeko Yuda-dukɔa dzudzɔ Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ yɔyɔ le gaglãgbe o ke wode se ɖe eyɔyɔ nu keŋkeŋ gɔ̃ hã. Eyata eyɔyɔ vavãtɔ bu—alo mabu oa?
Nukae Ŋkɔ Fiana?
Le Hebrigbe me la, woŋlɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ ale היהו. Wolɔ̃a ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ene siawo, siwo woxlẽna tsoa ɖusime yia miame la, yɔyɔ be Tetragrammaton. Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ si wotso kpuie dze le amewo kple teƒewo ƒe ŋkɔ siwo woyɔ le Biblia me la me. Ðe wòate ŋu anɔ eme be nuŋkɔ siawo ate ŋu ana míanya alesi woyɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔea?
George Buchanan, si nye nufialagã si xɔ dzudzɔ le Wesley Mawunyaŋutinunya ƒe Hehexɔƒe si le Washington, D.C., U.S.A., ɖo eŋu be ẽ. Nufialagã Buchanan ɖe nu me be: “Zi geɖe le blema ɣeyiɣiwo me la, dzilawo tsɔa woƒe mawuwo ƒe ŋkɔwo na wo viwo. Esia fia be woanya yɔ wo viwo ƒe ŋkɔwo abe alesi woyɔa woƒe mawuwo ƒe ŋkɔe ene. Wodea Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ene siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔe la amewo ƒe ŋkɔwo me, eye wozãa ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi domedometɔa ɣesiaɣi.”
De ŋugble le ŋkɔ siwo le Biblia me siwo me Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ si wotso kpuie dze le ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ʋee aɖewo ŋu kpɔ. Nufialagã Buchanan gblɔ be, Yonatan, si dze le Hebrigbe me Biblia me be Yoh·na·thanʹ alo Yehoh·na·thanʹ, gɔmee nye “Yaho alo Yahowah ye na.” Nyagblɔɖila Eliya ƒe ŋkɔ le Hebrigbe mee nye ʼE·li·yahʹ alo ʼE·li·yaʹhu. Le Nufialagã Buchanan ƒe nya nu la, ŋkɔa gɔmee nye: “Nye Mawue nye Yahoo alo Yahoo-wah.” Nenema ke Yosafat ƒe ŋkɔ le Hebrigbe mee nye Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, si gɔmee nye “Yaho drɔ̃ ʋɔnu.”
Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ene siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔe la yɔyɔ ɖe nyakui eve me be “Yahweh” mana ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi si nye o naɖi le Mawu ƒe ŋkɔa me o. Gake le Biblia me ŋkɔ geɖe siwo me Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ dze le me la, ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi dometɔ sia ƒe gbeɖiɖi ɖina le ŋkɔa ŋutɔŋutɔ alo esiwo wotso kpuie me, abe alesi wodze le Yehonatan kple Yonatan mee ene. Eyata Nufialagã Buchanan gblɔ le Mawu ƒe ŋkɔa ŋu be: “Womeɖea ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi oo alo oh ɖa le eme gbeɖe o. Woyɔa ŋkɔa kpuie ɣeaɖewoɣi be ‘Ya,’ gake menye be ‘Ya-weh’ gbeɖe o. . . . Ne woyɔ Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ene siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔe la ɖe nyakui ɖeka me la, enyea ‘Yah’ alo ‘Yo.’ Ne woyɔe ɖe nyakui etɔ̃ me la anye ‘Yahowah’ alo ‘Yahoowah.’ Ne eva hiã be woanɔ nyakui eve me la, anye ‘Yaho.’ ”—Biblical Archaeology Review.
Numeɖeɖe siawo kpe ɖe mía ŋu be míese ƒe alafa 19 lia me Hebrigbenyala Gesenius ƒe nya si wògblɔ le eƒe Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures me gɔme, egblɔ be: “Menye ɖe kpeɖodzi aɖeke kura mele amesiwo bui be יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] ye nye [Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ] yɔyɔ vavãtɔ la si si dzi woanɔ te ɖo aʋli woƒe nukpɔsusua ta o. Eyɔyɔ alea dzi koe woate ŋu ato aɖe nyakui siwo wotso kpuie be יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] kple יוֹ [Yo], si wotsɔ dze ŋkɔ geɖe gɔmee la me woade edeƒe.”
Gake le The Five Books of Moses, si gɔme Everett Fox ɖe nyitsɔ laa ƒe ŋgɔdonya me la, egblɔ be: “Agbagba siwo wodze va yi kple esiwo dzem wole fifia be woaganya alesi ‘tututu’ woyɔa [Mawu ƒe] ŋkɔ le Hebrigbe me siaa medze edzi o; womate ŋu aɖo kpe ‘Yehowa’ si míesena ɣeaɖewoɣi loo alo ‘Yahweh’ si dzi agbalẽnyalawo da asi ɖo la dzi bliboe o.”
Ðikeke mele eme o be agbalẽnyalawo ayi edzi anɔ eŋu nya hem. Yudatɔwo dzudzɔ Mawu vavã la ƒe ŋkɔ yɔyɔ hafi Masoratɔwo to ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi siwo fia alesi woayɔ nyawo vɛ. Eyata mɔ gobi aɖeke meli si dzi woato aɖo kpe ablɔɖegbeɖiɖi siwo kpe ɖe xaxagbeɖiɖi siwo nye YHWH (יהוה) ŋu dzi o. Gake ameŋkuta siwo le Biblia me ƒe ŋkɔwo—siwo yɔyɔ vavãtɔ kpɔtɔ li kokoko—na kpeɖodzi sẽŋu mí le alesi woyɔ Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ le blemae ŋu. Le esia ta, agbalẽnyalagã aɖewo ya teti lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be ŋkɔa yɔyɔ be “Yehowa” menye “busunya” hafi o.
[Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 31]
“Yehowa” ye nye Mawu ƒe ŋkɔ yɔyɔ si ame geɖe nya wu