Ɣekaɣie Woŋlɔ Biblia?

Biblia nye agbalẽ tɔxɛ aɖe. Ame biliɔn etɔ̃ kple edzivɔ xɔe se be enye agbalẽ kɔkɔe. Amewo gblɔ be enye agbalẽ si woƒlena wu le ŋutinya katã me, eye wobu akɔnta be wota ɖekaɖeka 6,000,000,000 (Biblia bliboa alo eƒe akpa aɖe) ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ 2,400 kple edzivɔ me.

TOGBƆ be le ŋutinya katã me la, Bibliae nye agbalẽ si woxlẽna wu hã la, susu vovovowoe le amewo si ku ɖe ɣeyiɣi si me woŋlɔe ŋu, vevietɔ eƒe akpa si nye Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo, si ame geɖe yɔna be Nubabla Xoxo la. Ðewohĩ èxlẽ nu tso woƒe nukpɔsusuawo dometɔ aɖewo ŋu le magazinewo kple agbalẽwo me, alo èse nya si agbalẽnyala aɖewo gblɔ tso eŋuti le television dzi. Nu si ame aɖewo gblɔna tso nya sia ŋu egbea la dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiawo.

▪ “Woŋlɔ Biblia ƒe akpa gãtɔ le ƒe alafa enyilia va se ɖe ƒe alafa adelia Do Ŋgɔ Na Mía Ŋɔli (D.M.Ŋ.), alo tso nyagblɔɖila Yesaya ŋɔli va ke ɖe Yeremiya ŋɔli.”

▪ “Le ƒe alafa eve siwo va yi me la, agbalẽnyala geɖe gblɔna be ɣeyiɣi siwo me Persiatɔwo kple Helatɔwo nɔ xexea dzi ɖum (ƒe alafa atɔ̃lia va ɖo evelia D.M.Ŋ.) koŋ mee woŋlɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo heto eme.”

▪ “Woŋlɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔ bliboa si li fifia la le Helatɔwo ƒe dziɖuɣi (si nye le ƒe alafa evelia va ɖo gbãtɔ [D.M.Ŋ.] me).”

Aleke wòle be Kristotɔ si xɔe se be “Ŋɔŋlɔ blibo la tso Mawu ƒe gbɔgbɔ me” la nabu nukpɔsusu vovovo siawoe? (2 Timoteo 3:16) Be míakpɔ ŋuɖoɖoa la, na míadzro nu si Biblia ŋutɔ gblɔ kple nya si agbalẽnyalawo gblɔna la me kpɔ.

Nu Si Biblia Ŋutɔ Ðe Fia

Ɣeyiɣi siwo me nuwo dzɔ la ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi geɖe le Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo me. Nya siwo Biblia gblɔ la ɖee fia be Mose kple Yosua ŋɔli, si anɔ abe ƒe 3,500 ye nye esi va yi, mee woŋlɔ Biblia ƒe agbalẽ gbãtɔwo.a Samuel, David, Salomo, kple ame bubuwo hã ŋlɔ woƒe agbalẽwo kpee le ƒe alafa 11 lia D.M.Ŋ. me. Eyome woŋlɔ esiwo nye ŋutinyawo, nyagblɔɖiwo, kple hakpanyawo la le ƒe alafa asiekelia va ɖo ƒe alafa atɔ̃lia D.M.Ŋ. me.

Biblia gbalẽ siawo ƒe ŋɔŋlɔ alo esiwo le agbalẽ kakɛwo dzi la hã nɔ Ƒu Kukua Ƒe Agbalẽxatsaxatsawo dome, negbe Ester ƒe agbalẽa ko. Dodokpɔ si woyɔna be carbon 14 kpakple blema asinuŋɔŋlɔwo ŋuti nusɔsrɔ̃wo ɖo kpe edzi be woŋlɔ agbalẽ siawo ƒe xoxoetɔwo le ƒe 200 D.M.Ŋ. va se ɖe ƒe 100 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo me.

Nya Siwo Ðeklemiɖelawo Gblɔna

Susu si koŋ ta amewo ɖea ɖeklemi nya siwo Biblia gblɔ tso ɣeyiɣi si me nuwo dzɔ ŋue nye be Biblia ŋlɔlawo gblɔ be emenyawo tso Mawu gbɔ. Ku ɖe nya sia ŋu la, Nufialagã Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. gblɔ le eƒe agbalẽ aɖe (The Old Testament Documents) me be: “Nya si [Biblia] gblɔ be emenyawo tso Mawu gbɔ, nya siwo wògblɔ tso Mawu ŋu, kple nukunu siwo ŋu wòƒo nu tsoe la nye alakpa.” Agbalẽnyala siwo mexɔe se be Mawu gbɔe Biblia me nyawo tso o la gblɔna be ele be woalé ŋku ɖe Biblia me nyawo ŋu tsitotsito abe agbalẽ bubuwo ke ene.

Ɣeaɖeɣi la, amewo zã Darwin ƒe nufiafia si nye be nuwɔwɔwo nɔ tɔtrɔm vivivi la tsɔ ɖe ale si nuwo va nɔ tɔtrɔm le subɔsubɔnyawo gome la me. Gbã la, wosubɔ dzɔdzɔmenuwo, emegbe mawu vovovowo, eye mlɔeba wova kpɔe be mawu ɖekae li. Eya ta esi wònye Biblia gbalẽ gbãtɔwo ƒo nu tso Mawu ɖeka subɔsubɔ ŋu ta la, ame aɖewo susui be ƒe geɖe megbee woŋlɔe, ke menye ɣeyiɣi si Biblia ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo ɖe fia lae o.

Tso ɣemaɣi la, amewo le ŋku lém ɖe emenyawo ŋu tsitotsito le go geɖe me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le Nubabla Xoxo la ŋuti nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ aɖe si wota nyitsɔ laa me la, wotsɔ nya ɖe nyagbe siwo Biblia zã ŋu, ŋutinya siwo le eme, ale si wòɖɔ nudzɔdzɔwoe, eƒe agbalẽ gbãtɔ atɔ̃awo, afi si emenyawo tso, kple ame siwo ŋu wòƒo nu tsoe ƒe dzixɔsewo kple kɔnuwo ŋu.

Togbɔ be agbalẽnyalawo ƒe nu mesɔ le ɣeyiɣi si woŋlɔ Biblia gbalẽwo ƒe nyaa me o hã la, wo dometɔ geɖe lɔ̃ ɖe Nufialagã R. E. Friedman ƒe susua dzi, si nye be: “Agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi le blema la tsɔ ƒe alafa geɖe ŋlɔ woƒe nyawo ɖe hakpanyawo kple gbesiagbe nuƒoƒo nu hekpe ɖe sewo nu. Emegbe ame bubuwo kpɔ woƒe nuŋlɔɖiawo dzi ŋlɔ agbalẽwo, eye woƒo wo nu ƒu tsɔ wɔ Bibliae.”

Agbalẽ si nye Faith, Tradition, and History dzro susu siawo dometɔ aɖewo kple bubu siwo le agbalẽnyalawo si ku ɖe Biblia ŋu la me. Gake eƒo nya ta ale: “Togbɔ be agbalẽnyawo ƒe nu sɔ ɖeka le ale si womeka ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo dzi o me, eye woka ɖe woawo ŋutɔwo ƒe susuwo dzi vevie hã la, woƒoa nu tsia tre ɖe wo nɔewo ƒe susuwo ya ŋu vevie.”

Biblia Ta Ʋiʋli

Nu siwo ate ŋu agblẽ dzie woŋlɔ Biblia gbalẽwo ɖo zi gbãtɔ. Eya ta manya wɔ be míake ɖe agbalẽ siwo Mose, Yosua, Samuel, alo David ŋutɔ ŋlɔ, alo woƒe kɔpi gbãtɔwo ŋu egbea o. Ke hã, anya wɔ be míadzro ŋutinya me kpeɖodzi siwo ɖee fia be esɔ be míaxɔ ɣeyiɣi siwo Biblia gblɔ be nuwo dzɔ la dzi ase, abe ale si ko agbalẽnyala kple blematomenukula aɖewo hã xɔe se ene. Nu kawoe míesrɔ̃ tso kpeɖodzi siawo me? Woƒe ɖewoe nye esiawo.

▪ Ðe amewo ŋlɔa agbalẽ le ƒe 3,500 siwo va yi me le blema Titina Ɣedzeƒe nutowo me, si nye ɣeyiɣi si me Biblia ɖee fia be Mose kple Yosua nɔ agbea? Agbalẽ siwo ku ɖe ŋutinya, mawusubɔsubɔ, senyawo kple nu bubuwo ŋu nɔ anyi le blema Mesopotamia kple Egipte. Ke aleke wònɔ le Mose kple Israel viwo ya gome? Numekugbalẽ aɖe (Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch) gblɔ be: “Ðikeke mele eme o be woŋlɔa agbalẽ le ƒe 1550 va ɖo ƒe 1200 D.Ŋ.M. ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me le Kanaan.” Egblɔ kpee be: “Le blema agbalẽŋɔŋlɔ nyawo gome la, susu aɖeke meli si ta míagblɔ be menye Mose ye ŋlɔ agbalẽ si wogblɔ be eŋlɔ la o, abe ale si wòle le agbalẽ bubuawo hã gome ene.”—2 Mose 17:14; 24:4; 34:27, 28; 4 Mose 33:2; 5 Mose 31:24.

▪ Ðe Biblia ŋlɔlawo wɔ blema nuŋlɔɖiwo ŋu dɔa? Ɛ̃, wo dometɔ aɖewo yɔ nya tso ‘agbalẽ’ siwo anye dukɔa ƒe nuŋlɔɖigbalẽwo, dzidzimegbalẽwo, ŋutinyagbalẽwo, kple ƒomewo ƒe nuŋlɔɖigbalẽwo me.—4 Mose 21:14; Yosua 10:13; 2 Samuel 1:18; 1 Fiawo 11:41; 2 Kronika 32:32.

▪ Nu ka tae womeke ɖe Biblia ƒe asinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Ƒu Kukua ƒe Agbalẽxatsaxatsawo ŋu o? Agbalẽ aɖe (Biblical Archaeology Review) ɖe eme be: “Le Palestina ƒe nuto akpa gãtɔ me la, nu siwo woŋlɔ ɖe aƒla kple lãgbalẽwo dzi la megali egbea o, negbe esiwo ŋu woke ɖo le dzogbenuto siwo te ɖe Ƒu Kukua ŋu ko. Nu siawo nyunyɔna ne tsi le anyigba me. Togbɔ be womeke ɖe wo ŋu o hã la, mefia be womenɔ anyi kpɔ o.” Le nyateƒe me la, woke ɖe nutrenu alafa geɖe siwo wowɔ kple anyi, siwo wotsɔ trea agbalẽ nui, la ŋu. Aƒlagbalẽ kple lãgbalẽwo tsrɔ̃ le dzo, alo tsi si le anyigba me ta, gake nutrenuawo ya megblẽ o. Wobu akɔnta be nutrenuawo nɔ anyi tso ƒe alafa asiekelia va ɖo atɔ̃lia D.M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo.

▪ Aleke wòdzɔe be Biblia gbalẽwo me nyawo li va se ɖe fiafia? Agbalẽ aɖe (The Bible as It Was) gblɔ be: “Anɔ eme godoo be ɖe wogbugbɔ ŋlɔ ŋutinyawo, psalmowo, sewo kple nyagblɔɖi siwo le Biblia me na mí egbea la zi gbɔ zi geɖe le Biblia ŋlɔɣiwo ŋutɔ gɔ̃ hã me. . . . Azɔ ne wogbugbɔ ŋlɔ wo le Biblia ŋlɔɣiwo ŋutɔ hã me la, ke efia be ɖe wonɔ wo ŋu dɔ wɔm tae; wozãa wo le woƒe gbesiagbe gbenɔnɔ me. . . . Ame aɖeke maɖe fu na eɖokui agbugbɔ agbalẽ aɖe anɔ ŋɔŋlɔm dzro ko o.”—5 Mose 17:18; Lododowo 25:1.

Esia fia be le Biblia gbalẽ gbãtɔwo gome la, wogbugbɔ nɔ wo ŋlɔm ƒe 1,500 kloe va de asi na ƒe alafa gbãtɔ M.Ŋ. me. Agbalẽ aɖe (On the Reliability of the Old Testament) gblɔ be nyawo ŋɔŋlɔ ɖe xoxoa dzi pɛpɛpɛ bia be “woaŋlɔ nyawo ɖe gbeŋutise si zãm wole ɣemaɣi la nu, abe ale si ko wowɔnɛ le Titina Ɣedzeƒe nutowo me ene.”b Esia fia be nya ku ɖe nu siwo gblɔm ɖeklemiɖelawo le tso ale si woŋlɔ nyawoe le Biblia me kple atsyã si wotsɔ ŋlɔ woe ŋu la ŋu.

Ɣekaɣie Woŋlɔ Biblia?

Ðe wòasɔ be woaƒo nya ta be esi agbalẽ siwo Mose, Yosua, Samuel, kple ame bubuwo ŋlɔ zi gbãtɔ la meli míakpɔ o ta la, womeŋlɔ Biblia le blema ke abe ale si Biblia ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo ɖee fia ene oa? Agbalẽnyala geɖe lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be ne kpeɖodzi meli be nane nɔ anyi kpɔ o la, mefia be nua menɔ anyi kpɔ o. Le nyateƒe me la, nuŋlɔɖi siwo le agbalẽ siwo te ŋu gblẽna dzi la dometɔ nenie ate ŋu anɔ anyi va se ɖe egbea? Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Egipte ƒe blemanuwo ŋuti nunyala K. A. Kitchen bu akɔnta be Egiptetɔwo ƒe aƒlagbalẽ siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Helatɔwo kple Romatɔwo ƒe dziɖuɣiwo la katã kloe tsrɔ̃.

Ame siwo dea bubu Biblia ŋu la ate ŋu abia wo ɖokui be ‘Aleke Yesu bu Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawoe?’ Ɣemaɣi la, ame aɖeke mekea ɖi ɣeyiɣi si me woŋlɔ Biblia o. Edze ƒãa be Yesu ŋutɔ kple Yudatɔ siwo nɔ anyi ɣemaɣi la lɔ̃ ɖe nya siwo Ŋɔŋlɔawo gblɔ tso ɣeyiɣi si me nuwo dzɔ ŋu la dzi. Ðe wòxɔe se be ame siwo ƒe ŋkɔwo woyɔ tɔ ɖe Biblia gbalẽwo ŋu lae ŋlɔ woa?

Yesu he susu yi Mose ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, eƒo nu tso “Mose ƒe agbalẽa” ŋu. (Marko 12:26; Yohanes 5:46) Eyɔ nya tso Mose Ƒe Agbalẽ Gbãtɔ (Mateo 19:4, 5; 24:37-39); Evelia (Luka 20:37); Etɔ̃lia (Mateo 8:4); Enelia (Mateo 12:5); kple Atɔ̃lia me (Mateo 18:16). Egblɔ be: “Ele be nu siwo katã woŋlɔ ɖe Mose ƒe sea kple Nyagblɔɖilawo kpakple Psalmowo me le ŋunye la nava eme.” (Luka 24:44) Ne elɔ̃ ɖe edzi be Mose kple ame bubuawoe ŋlɔ agbalẽ siwo ŋu woyɔ woƒe ŋkɔwo tɔ ɖo la, ke ɖikeke mele eme o be elɔ̃ ɖe edzi be nya siwo Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo gblɔ tso ɣeyiɣiwo ŋu hã le eme.

Ekema ɣekaɣie woŋlɔ Biblia? Ðe míate ŋu aka ɖe nya si Biblia gblɔ tso ɣeyiɣi siwo me nuwo dzɔ ŋu la dzia? Míedzro agbalẽnyalawo ƒe susuwo, nya si Biblia ŋutɔ gblɔ, ŋutinya me kpeɖodziwo, kple Yesu ƒe susu le nyaa ŋu hã me. Ekema ɖe ale si nàɖo nya sia ŋui la awɔ ɖeka kple nya si Yesu gblɔ na Fofoa, Yehowa Mawu, le gbedodoɖa me be, “Wò nya la nye nyateƒe” la?—Yohanes 17:17.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Chart/​Pictures on pages 20-23]

(Edze nyuie le agbalẽa ŋutɔ me)

(Ƒeawo fia asi ɣeyiɣi siwo me lɔƒo wowu Biblia gbalẽawo ŋɔŋlɔ nu)

2000 D.M.Ŋ.

1800

[Nɔnɔmetata]

Egiptetɔwo ƒe agbalẽŋlɔlawo ŋlɔa nu ɖe agbalẽ dzi do ŋgɔ na Mose ŋɔli

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

© DeA Picture Library / Art Resource, NY

1600

[Nɔnɔmetata]

Mose wu eƒe agbalẽ gbãtɔ nu le 1513 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo, eŋlɔe ɖe agbalẽ si tea ŋu nyunyɔna dzi

1 Mose Ƒe 1513 D.M.Ŋ.

Yosua

1400

1200

Samuel

1000 D.M.Ŋ.

[Nɔnɔmetata]

Nutrenu alafa geɖe siwo wowɔ kple anyi la li va se ɖe egbea

Tso ƒe 900 va se ɖe 500 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo

Yona

800

Yesaya

600

Yeremiya

Daniel

[Nɔnɔmetata]

Aƒlagbalẽ dzi nuŋlɔɖi si woŋlɔ́, wosae kple ka hetsɔ nutrenu ɖo edzi

Tso ƒe 449 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Brooklyn Museum, Bequest of Theodora Wilbour from the collection of her father, Charles Edwin Wilbour

400

200

[Nɔnɔmetata]

Woxatsa Ƒu Kukua ƒe Agbalẽxatsaxatsawo ɖe aklala me hedzra ɖo ɖe zewo me. Wonye Biblia ƒe asinuŋɔŋlɔgbalẽ xoxotɔ kekeake siwo ŋu woke ɖo

Tso ƒe 200 va se ɖe 100 D.M.Ŋ. lɔƒo

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Shrine of the Book, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem