Susuma ni Gbooo Tsɔɔmɔ lɛ Shishijee

“Sane ko bɛ ni kɔɔ gbɔmɔ mumɔŋ shihilɛ he, ní ehe ejwɛŋmɔ fɛɛ tamɔ shihilɛ mli ni eyɔɔ yɛ gbele sɛɛ.”—“ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGION AND ETHICS.”

1-3. Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ Socrates kɛ Plato hã susuma ni gbooo he susumɔ lɛ tee hiɛ yɛ?

AFOLƆ woloŋlelɔ kɛ tsɔɔlɔ ko ni eye afii 70 lɛ naa akɛ ebuuu Nyɔŋmɔ, ni ekɛ enitsɔɔmɔ miifite gbekɛbii ajwɛŋmɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ efã ehe jogbaŋŋ beni akojoɔ lɛ lɛ moŋ, shi kojolɔi akuu ni hiɛ ehe jwɛŋmɔ fɔŋ lɛ kojo akɛ eyeɔ fɔ́, ni amɛkɛɛ akɛ esa gbele. Beni eshwɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai fioo ni abaagbe lɛ lɛ, tsɔɔlɔ ní egbɔ lɛ kɛ sane naataamɔi babaoo ha nikaselɔi ni ebua amɛhe naa yɛ ehe lɛ kɛma nɔ mi akɛ susuma lɛ gbooo, ni no hewɔ lɛ esaaa akɛ asheɔ gbele gbeyei.

² Nuu ni abu lɛ gbele fɔ́ nɛɛ ji Socrates, Helanyo jeŋ nilelɔ ni hé gbɛi waa ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enumɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ.a Enikaselɔ Plato ŋmala nibii ni ba nɛɛ eshwie shi yɛ saji ahe wiemɔi ni ji Apology kɛ Phaedo mli. Awieɔ akɛ Socrates kɛ Plato fata mɛi ni kɛ susumɔ ni ayɔɔ akɛ susuma lɛ gbooo lɛ ba klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ ahe. Shi jeee amɛ ji mɛi ni je nakai tsɔɔmɔ lɛ shishi.

³ Taakɛ wɔbaana lɛ, susumɔ ni ayɔɔ akɛ adesa gbooo lɛ shishijee be yaa sɛɛ kɛyaa blema beaŋ tɔ̃ɔ. Shi, Socrates kɛ Plato tsuu nakai tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he ni amɛtsake lɛ ni amɛha etsɔ jeŋ nilee mli tsɔɔmɔ, ni amɛtsɔ nakai gbɛ nɔ amɛha amɛbei amli kui ni hiŋmɛi egbele, kɛ mɛi ni ba yɛ no sɛɛ lɛ ná he miishɛɛ waa.

Kɛjɛ Pythagoras nɔ Kɛtee Tɛ Tsũi kɛ Amɛyiteŋ Somoromoo lɛ Anɔ

4. Mɛni ji Helabii ni hi shi kɛtsɔ Socrates hiɛ lɛ asusumɔi yɛ Gbele Sɛɛ Shihilɛ he?

⁴ Helabii ni hi shi kɛtsɔ Socrates kɛ Plato hiɛ lɛ hu he amɛye akɛ susuma lɛ hiɔ shi yɛ gbele sɛɛ. Pythagoras, ni ji Helanyo akɔntaabulɔ ni hé gbɛi waa yɛ afii ohai ekpaa D.Ŋ.B. lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ susuma lɛ gbooo, ni enyɛɔ efãa kɛyahiɔ shi yɛ he kroko. Thales ni jɛ Mileto, ni hi shi kɛtsɔ ehiɛ ni asusuɔ akɛ lɛ ji Helanyo jeŋ nilelɔ ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni ale lɛ, nu he akɛ jeee gbɔmɛi, kooloi, kɛ tsei pɛ amli susuma ni gbooo lɛ yɔɔ, shi moŋ eyɛ nibii tamɔ dadei ni gbalaa dade lɛ hu mli, akɛni amɛbaanyɛ amɛtsi dade lɛ hewɔ. Blema Helabii lɛ kɛɛ akɛ mɛi ni egboi lɛ asusumai taa lɛlɛ mli kɛfoɔ Styx faa lɛ kɛyaa shikpɔŋ shishi shihilɛhe ko ni mli lɛɛ ni atsɛɔ jɛmɛ akɛ gbohii ajeŋ. Jɛmɛ ji he ni kojolɔi buɔ susumai lɛ fɔ́ yɛ ni amɛyaa piŋmɔ mli yɛ tsuŋwoohe ko ni afo he kɛ gbogboi ni nɔ kwɔlɔ, aloo abuɔ amɛ bem kɛyaa jɔɔmɔ mli yɛ Elysium.

5, 6. Te Persiabii bu susuma lɛ amɛha tɛŋŋ?

⁵ Gbalɔ ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Zoroaster lɛ hi shi yɛ afii ohai kpawo D.Ŋ.B., yɛ Iran loo Persia yɛ bokagbɛ. Lɛ eje jamɔ gbɛ ko ni abale akɛ Zoroastria jamɔ lɛ shishi. Enɛ ji Persia Maŋtsɛyeli ni ye je lɛ fɛɛ nɔ dani Hela batsɔ jeŋ hewalɛ kpele diɛŋtsɛ lɛ jamɔ. Zoroastria ŋmalɛi lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Jalɔ susuma aaahi Shihilɛ ni Gbele Bɛ Mli mli daa yɛ Miishɛɛ mli, shi Amalelɔ susuma aaahi piŋmɔ mli yɛ gbɛ fɛɛ gbɛ nɔ. Ni Ahura Mazda [ni shishi ji, “nyɔŋmɔ nilelɔ”] lɛ eto nɛkɛ Mlai nɛɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ kɛtsɔ E-nɔyeli hegbɛ lɛ nɔ.”

⁶ Susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ hu ji Iranbii ajamɔ ni hi shi kɛtsɔ Zoroastria jamɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ fã. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, blema akutsei ni hi Iran lɛ kwɛɔ mɛi ni egboi lɛ asusumai, kɛtsɔ niyenii kɛ atadei ni amɛkɛhaa amɛ koni ehe aba sɛɛnamɔ kɛha amɛ yɛ gbohii ajeŋ lɛ nɔ.

7, 8. Mɛni blema Mizraimbii lɛ he amɛye yɛ susuma ni hiɔ shi yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ he?

⁷ Gbele sɛɛ shihilɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ lɛ ji hemɔkɛyeli titri ko yɛ Mizraim jamɔ mli. Mizraimbii lɛ kɛɔ akɛ Osiris, ni ji gbohii ajeŋ nyɔŋmɔ wulu fe fɛɛ lɛ baakojo gbɔmɔ ni egbo lɛ susuma. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, adaa nɔ niŋmalamɔ ko ni akɛɛ ehi shi yɛ afii ohai 14 D.Ŋ.B. tɔ̃ɔ lɛ, efee Anubis, ni ji gbohii anyɔŋmɔ lɛ he mfoniri, ní enyiɛ woloŋmalɔ Hunefer susuma hiɛ kɛmiiya Osiris hiɛ. Akɛ woloŋmalɔ lɛ tsui, ni damɔ shi kɛha ehenilee lɛ, efɔ̃ nsɛnii mli yɛ afã kome, ni akɛ tsɛrɛ ni anɔkwale kɛ jalɛsaneyeli nyɔŋmɔyoo lɛ kɛtsɛɔ eyiteŋ lɛ efɔ̃ afã kroko lɛ ni akɛmiiŋmɛ etsui lɛ aakwɛ. Thoth, ni ji nyɔŋmɔ kroko hu, ŋmaa nɔ ni jɛɔ mli baa lɛ efɔ̃ɔ shi. Akɛni Hunefer tsui etsiii kɛ fɔyeli hewɔ lɛ, etsiimɔ shɛɛɛ tsɛrɛ lɛ tsiimɔ, ni aŋmɛ Hunefer gbɛ ní ebote Osiris nɔyelihe lɛ koni enine ashɛ shihilɛ ni gbele bɛ mli nɔ. Adaa lɛ nɔ nibii lɛ hu tsɔɔ yoo ko ni he yɔɔ gbeyei waa, ni damɔ nsɛnii lɛ masɛi, ní efee klalo ni ebaami mɔ ni egbo lɛ kɛji etsui yeee kaa lɛ mli omanye. Mizraimbii lɛ hu woɔ amɛ gbohii lɛ tsofa ni amɛbáa faraoi lɛ agbohii lɛ ayi yɛ tɛ tsũi wuji fɛfɛji kɛ amɛyiteŋ somoromoo mli, akɛni amɛsusuɔ akɛ susuma lɛ shihilɛ damɔ gbonyo lɛ yibaamɔ nɔ lɛ hewɔ.

⁸ Belɛ, blema hiŋmɛigbelemɔi sɔrɔtoi babaoo hiɛ tsɔɔmɔ kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ—susuma ni gbooo lɛ. Ani amɛná nɛkɛ tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ kɛjɛ jɛɛhe koome lɛ nɔŋŋ?

Hé ni Eje Shishi Kɛjɛ

9. Mɛɛ jamɔ ná blema Mizraim, Persia, kɛ Hela je lɛ nɔ hewalɛ?

⁹ “Babiloniabii ajamɔ ná hewalɛ yɛ Mizraim, Persia, kɛ Hela bii anɔ yɛ blema je lɛ mli,” taakɛ The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria wolo lɛ kɛɔ lɛ. Wolo nɛɛ tee nɔ etsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Yɛ sharamɔ ni bakã Mizraim kɛ Babilonia teŋ mra, taakɛ El-Amarna taoi lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ hewɔ lɛ, eka shi faŋŋ akɛ aná hegbɛi babaoo ni ha anyɛ akɛ Babilonia susumɔi kɛ kusumii wo Mizraim jamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoi amli. Yɛ Persia lɛ, Mithra jamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ jieɔ hewalɛ ni Babilonia susumɔi ná diɛŋtsɛ lɛ kpo faŋŋ . . . Amrɔ nɛɛ, woloŋlelɔi kpɛlɛɔ Sembii atsɔɔmɔi ni afutu mli kwraa, ní yɔɔ Hela mra be mli blema adesãi kɛ Hela jamɔ gbɛjianɔtoi fɛɛ mli lɛ nɔ jogbaŋŋ aahu akɛ, ehe ehiaaa ni awie nɔ ko yɛ he dɔŋŋ. Nɛkɛ Sembii atsɔɔmɔi nɛɛ amli babaoo ji Babiloniabii atsɔɔmɔi diɛŋtsɛ.”b

10, 11. Te Babiloniabii susuɔ gbele sɛɛ shihilɛ he amɛhaa tɛŋŋ?

¹⁰ Shi ani esorooo bɔ ni Babiloniabii susuɔ nɔ ni baa yɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ he lɛ kwraa yɛ Mizraimbii, kɛ Persiabii, kɛ Helabii lɛ anɔ̃ he? Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, susumɔ Babilonia Gilgamesh Ekãafeemɔi lɛ he okwɛ. Emli ekãalɔ, nuumo Gilgamesh, ní gbele ni yɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he susumɔ haoɔ lɛ lɛ, je kpo akɛ eyaatao shihilɛ ni gbele bɛ mli, shi enine shɛɛɛ nɔ. Obalayoo fro weinfeelɔ ko ni ekɛkpe beni efãa gbɛ lɛ po wo lɛ hewalɛ ní ekɛ shihilɛ ni eyɔɔ mli amrɔmrɔ lɛ atsu nii jogbaŋŋ kɛmɔ shi, ejaakɛ enine shɛŋ wala ni sɛɛ efooo ni etaoɔ lɛ nɔ. Shɛɛ sane titri ni yɔɔ ekãafeemɔ lɛ mli ji akɛ, anyɛŋ ajo gbele naa foi, ni shihilɛ ni gbele bɛ mli he hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ ji lakamɔ. Ani enɛ baatsɔɔ akɛ belɛ Babiloniabii lɛ heee Gbele Sɛɛ Shihilɛ amɛyeee?

¹¹ Nilelɔ Morris Jastrow, Jr., ni yɔɔ University of Pennsylvania yɛ U.S.A. lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Gbɔmɛi lɛ loo [Babilonia] jamɔ mli susumɔi ahiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ susuuu nyɛ ni eeenyɛ eba akɛ abaanyɛ akpata nɔ ni aha eba shihilɛ mli be ko lɛ hiɛ kwraa lɛ he yɛ be ko kwraa mli. [Yɛ amɛsusumɔ naa lɛ], gbele ji gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ kɛyaa shihilɛ kroko mli, ni kpɛlɛmɔ ni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ shihilɛ ni gbele bɛ mli nɔ lɛ mãa bɔ ni anyɛŋ ajo shihilɛ tsakemɔ ni gbele kɛbaa lɛ naa foi lɛ nɔ mi.” Hɛɛ, Babiloniabii lɛ hu he amɛye akɛ wala hiɔ shi yɛ su ko mli, yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ, yɛ gbele sɛɛ. Amɛjieɔ enɛ kpo kɛtsɔ nibii komɛi ni amɛkɛfũɔ gbonyo lɛ koni ekɛyatsu nii yɛ Gbohii Ajeŋ lɛ nɔ.

12-14. (a) Yɛ Nu Afua lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, nɛgbɛ susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ je shishi yɛ? (b) Te fɛɛ tɛŋŋ ni tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbɛ eshwã shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ fɛɛ?

¹² Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ, susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ yaa sɛɛ kɛyaa blema Babilon tɔ̃ɔ. Taakɛ Biblia lɛ, ni ji wolo ni yɔɔ kadimɔ nii ni tsɔɔ akɛ eji yinɔsane ni ja kɛmɔ shi lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, Nimrod, ni ji Noa nanakansowa lɛ ji mɔ ni to Babel, loo Babilon maŋtiase lɛ.c Yɛ Noa gbii lɛ amli Nu Afua lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, wiemɔ kome kɛ jamɔ kome pɛ ji nɔ ni yɔɔ. Nimrod je jamɔ kroko shishi, kɛtsɔ maŋtiase ni eto kɛ mɔɔ ko ni ema yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ nɔ. Biblia lɛ mli sane lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ beni afutu wiemɔi lɛ yɛ Babel lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, mɔɔ malɔi ni yeee omanye lɛ gbɛ amɛshwã ni amɛyaje shihilɛi heei ashishi, ni amɛkɛ amɛjamɔ lɛ fata amɛhe kɛtee. (1 Mose 10:6-10; 11:4-9) Nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ tsɔ̃ ni Babilon jamɔ gbɛ eshwã shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ fɛɛ.

¹³ Taakɛ blema sane tsɔɔ lɛ, Nimrod gbo yiwalɛ gbele. Yɛ egbele sɛɛ lɛ, eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Babilonbii lɛ baasumɔ ni amɛjie bulɛ ni mli kwɔ kpo amɛha lɛ, ákɛ amɛ maŋtiase lɛ shishitolɔ, emalɔ, kɛ klɛŋklɛŋ maŋtsɛ. Akɛni abuɔ nyɔŋmɔ Marduk (Merodak) akɛ Babilon maŋ lɛ shishitolɔ hewɔ lɛ, woloŋlelɔi komɛi wieɔ akɛ Marduk feɔ Nimrod ni abuɔ lɛ akɛ nyɔŋmɔ lɛ he mfoniri. Kɛji nakai ni lɛ, no lɛ eka shi faŋŋ akɛ susumɔ ni ayɔɔ akɛ gbɔmɔ yɛ susuma ni hiɔ shi yɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ ehe shi waa yɛ nakai beaŋ, kɛ hoo lɛ, yɛ Nimrod gbele beaŋ. Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni eji lɛ, yinɔsane ni aŋma afɔ̃ shi lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo akɛ yɛ Nu Afua lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, hé ni susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ je shishi yɛ ji Babel, loo Babilon.

¹⁴ Shi, te fee tɛŋŋ ni tsɔɔmɔ lɛ batsɔ tsɔɔmɔ titri yɛ jamɔi pii amli yɛ wɔbe nɛɛ mli? Fã ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ baapɛi bɔ ni fee ni ebote Bokagbɛ jamɔi amli lɛ mli.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]

Bɔ ni Mizraimbii buɔ susumai ni yɔɔ gbohii ajeŋ lɛ amɛhaa

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]

Socrates taa naa akɛ susuma lɛ gbooo