Ani Mra Be Mli Sɔlemɔ Lɛ Tsɔɔ Akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Lɛ Triniti Ni?
Fa3—Ani Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ tsɔɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ?
Buu-Mɔɔ lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ November 1, 1991, kɛ February 1, 1992 nɔ lɛ mli akɛ Yesu loo ekaselɔi lɛ etsɔɔɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ, ni nakai nɔŋŋ Bɔfoi lɛ Abeiaŋ Tsɛmɛi ni hi shi yɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ naagbee kɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ shishijee gbɛ lɛ hu etsɔɔɔ. Ani sɔlemɔ lɛ mlibii ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ tsɔɔ?
KƐJƐ aaafee wɔ Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ teŋ gbɛ kɛbashi enaagbee gbɛ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ mlibii komɛi ba ni ŋmɛnɛ, atsɛɔ amɛ akɛ Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi. Amɛŋmala nibii ni amɛkɛfa Kristojamɔ ni amɛle lɛ he amɛkɛshi jeŋ nilee ni akɛteɔ shi awoɔ, ni ehe shi waa yɛ nakai beaŋ Roma je lɛ mli lɛ. Amɛnitsumɔ lɛ je shishi aaafee Bɔfoi lɛ Abeiaŋ Tsɛmɛi lɛ aniŋmaai lɛ anaagbee gbɛ, kɛ agbɛnɛ yɛ no sɛɛ.
Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi ni ŋmala nii yɛ Hela mli lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi ji Justin Martyr, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, kɛ Clement ni jɛ Alexandria lɛ. Tertullian ji Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔ ni ŋma nii yɛ Latin mli. Ani amɛtsɔɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Kristendom Triniti lɛ—mɛi etɛ ni yeɔ egbɔ (Tsɛ, Bi, kɛ Mumɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ) yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ-su mli, ni amɛteŋ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ji anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, ni kɛlɛ jeee Nyɔŋmɔi etɛ yɔɔ, shi Nyɔŋmɔ kome pɛ lɛ?
“Bi lɛ Yɛ Mɔ ko Shishi”
Dr. H. R. Boer wie hewalɛ ni yɔɔ Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ atsɔɔmɔ mli lɛ he yɛ ewolo A Short History of the Early Church lɛ mli akɛ:
“Justin [Martyr] tsɔɔ akɛ, dani abaabɔ je lɛ, no mli lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ pɛ yɔɔ, ni no mli lɛ Bi ko bɛ. . . . Beni Nyɔŋmɔ ná he miishɛɛ akɛ ebaabɔ je lɛ, . . . ebɔ ŋwɛi bɔɔ nɔ kroko bɔni afee ni ebɔ je lɛ eha lɛ. Abatsɛ nɛkɛ ŋwɛi bɔɔ nɔ nɛɛ akɛ . . . Bi ejaakɛ afɔ lɛ; abatsɛ lɛ Logos ejaakɛ ajie lɛ kɛjɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Yiŋtoo loo Jwɛŋmɔ mli. . . .
“No hewɔ lɛ Justin kɛ Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi krokomɛi lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ bɔɔ nɔ ji Bi lɛ. Eji bɔɔ nɔ ni nɔ kwɔ, bɔɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ hewalɛ bɔ ni eeenyɛ ekɛbɔ je lɛ, shi, yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, bɔɔ nɔ ji lɛ. Yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nikasemɔ mli lɛ, atsɛɔ wekukpaa ni ka Bi lɛ kɛ Tsɛ lɛ teŋ lɛ akɛ subordinationism (ni mɔ ko yɔɔ mɔ kroko shishi). Bi lɛ yɛ mɔ ko shishi, ni tsɔɔ akɛ, eji mɔ ni ji enyɔ, mɔ ni kɛ ehe fɔɔ mɔ kroko nɔ, kɛ mɔ ni Tsɛ lɛ kɛ lɛ ba shihilɛ mli. Atsɛ Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ akɛ mɔ ko nɔ kwɔ fe mɔ ko tsɔɔlɔi.”1
Dr. Martin Werner wie klɛŋklɛŋ shishinumɔ ni ayɔɔ yɛ wekukpaa ni ka Bi lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ teŋ lɛ he yɛ The Formation of Christian Dogma wolo lɛ mli akɛ:
“Abanu nakai wekukpaa lɛ shishi ni ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he akɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ ‘mɔ ko shishi hilɛ’, ni ji, yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ shishi ni Kristo yɔɔ lɛ shishinumɔ naa. He fɛɛ he ni abaasusu wekukpaa ni ka Yesu kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ, ni ji Tsɛ lɛ teŋ lɛ he yɛ, yɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ mli lɛ,. . . anuɔ shishi ni ahaa efeɔ faŋŋ hu jogbaŋŋ akɛ eji nɔ ni tsɔɔ mɔ ko shishi ni mɔ kroko yɔɔ. Ni Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ mli Mɔ ko Yɛ Mɔ Kroko Shishi he Tsɔɔlɔ ni kɛ nɔmimaa wie, taakɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Sanekpakpai Etɛ ni aŋmala lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, ji Yesu diɛŋtsɛ . . . Nɛkɛ shishijee shishinumɔ, ni yɔɔ shiŋŋ kɛ faŋŋ nɛɛ, nyɛ ehi shi nakai yɛ be kakadaŋŋ mli ni etsakeee. ‘Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔi wuji ni hi shi dani atsɛ Nikaea Gwabɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ fi bɔ ni Logos lɛ baa shi loo eyɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ shishi lɛ sɛɛ.’”2
Yɛ enɛ kɛ gbeekpamɔ naa lɛ, R. P. C. Hanson wie yɛ wolo, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God lɛ mli akɛ:
“Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔ ko bɛ Bokagbɛ loo Anaigbɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli ni hi shi dani Arius Naataomɔ [ni ba yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli] lɛ fɛ, ni yɛ shishinumɔ ko naa lɛ, ebuuu Bi lɛ akɛ ebaa shi fe Tsɛ lɛ.”3
Dr. Alvan Lamson kɛ odaseyeli ni kɔɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli onukpai ni tsɔ Nikaea Gwabɔɔ (325 Ŋ.B.) lɛ hiɛ lɛ atsɔɔmɔ he nɛɛ fataa he, yɛ The Church of the First Three Centuries lɛ mli akɛ:
“Tsɛmɛi ni tsɔ Nikaea hiɛ lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo ma bɔ ni Bi lɛ baa shi haa lɛ nɔ mi, kɛ jeee amɛ fɛɛ po lɛ . . . Anaa odaseyeli ni tsɔɔ akɛ amɛbuɔ Bi lɛ akɛ esoro lɛ kwraa yɛ Tsɛ lɛ he yɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ amɛmaa bɔ ni ebaa shi ehaa nɔ mi lɛ mli. . . . Amɛbuɔ lɛ akɛ mɔ ni esoro lɛ kwraa ni ebaa shi fe lɛ hu.”4
Nakai nɔŋŋ hu, Robert M. Grant wie nɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ yɛ Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ ahe yɛ wolo ni ji Gods and the One God lɛ mli akɛ:
“Bɔ ni hemɔkɛyeli hefamɔ niŋmaai lɛ tsɔɔ Kristo Su kɛ Enitsumɔ mli amɛhaa, tamɔ bɔ ni Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, tamɔ mɛi ni tsɔɔ akɛ ebaa shi lɛ atsɔɔmɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Bi lɛ baa shi fe Tsɛ lɛ, mɔ ni ji Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ mli Nyɔŋmɔ koome lɛ, be fɛɛ be. . . . Belɛ, nɔ ni wɔnaa yɛ nɛkɛ mra be mli niŋmalɔi nɛɛ awoji lɛ amli lɛ jeee Triniti tsɔɔmɔ . . . Dani abaatsɛ Nikaea Gwabɔɔ lɛ, no mli lɛ Kristofoi a-Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he saji fɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ mɔ ko baa shi fe mɔ ko.”5
Kristendom Triniti lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ Bi lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ yeɔ egbɔ yɛ naanɔ shihilɛ, hewalɛ, gbɛhe, kɛ nilee mli. Shi Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ kɛɛ akɛ Bi lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ yeee egbɔ. Amɛbu Bi lɛ akɛ mɔ ni baa shi. No jeee Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ.
Klɛŋklɛŋ Afii Oha lɛ Mli Tsɔɔmɔ ni Aku Sɛɛ Atsɔɔ Ekoŋŋ
Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi kɛ mra be mli Sɔlemɔ Tsɛmɛi krokomɛi lɛ ku sɛɛ amɛtsɔɔ nɔ ni klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Kristofoi lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ wekukpaa ni ka Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ teŋ lɛ he lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Kadimɔ bɔ ni atsɔɔ enɛ mli aha yɛ The Formation of Christian Dogma lɛ mli:
“Anaaa Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he naagba loo naataomɔi sɔrɔtoi lɛ ahe okadi ko kwraa yɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi abe lɛ mli, tamɔ nɔ ni kɛ béi kɛ awuiyelii ba Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, yiŋtoo hewɔ ni ebalɛ nakai lɛ jɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ, kɛha Klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi lɛ, Kristo ji . . . bɔɔ nɔ ko ni fata ŋwɛi bɔfoi ajeŋ ni nɔ kwɔ lɛ ahe, mɔ ni abɔ lɛ, ni Nyɔŋmɔ hala lɛ ni ekɛ nitsumɔ wo edɛŋ akɛ, yɛ yinɔi lɛ fɛɛ anaagbee lɛ, . . . ekɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ aba.”6
Kɛfata nɔ ni kɔɔ mra be mli Sɔlemɔ Tsɛmɛi lɛ atsɔɔmɔi ahe lɛ he lɛ, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ:
“Yɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ mra be mli susumɔ naa lɛ, nɔ ni amɛfɔɔ feemɔ kɛji amɛmiiwie Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ he ji, klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, amɛsusuɔ E-he, jeee akɛ Yesu Kristo Tsɛ, shi moŋ akɛ bɔɔ nii fɛɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ ajɛɛhe. No hewɔ lɛ, kɛji aaakɛɛ lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ, ji Nyɔŋmɔ ni mɔ ko kɛ lɛ yeee egbɔ. Lɛ ji Mɔ ni awieɔ ehe kɛ sane mlitsɔɔmɔi tamɔ mɔ ni bɛ shishijee, mɔ ni gbooo, mɔ ni tsakeee, mɔ ni anyɛɛɛ atsɔɔ bɔ ni eji, mɔ ni anaaa, kɛ mɔ ni abɔɔɔ lɛ. Lɛ ji Mɔ ni fee nibii fɛɛ, kɛ adebɔɔ mli nibii diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ, ni efeee kɛjɛɛɛ nɔ ko mli. . . .
“Ekolɛ enɛ baafee tamɔ nɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ Tsɛ lɛ pɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔ kɛmɔ shi, ni Bi lɛ kɛ Mumɔ lɛ tamɔ nakai, ni amɛbaa yɛ esɛɛ. Etamɔ nɔ ni mra be mli wiemɔi lɛ pii fiɔ enɛ sɛɛ.”7
Yɛ be mli ni nɛkɛ ensaiklopedia nɛɛ mamɔɔɔ nɛkɛ anɔkwalei nɛɛ anɔ mi, ni ekɛɔ akɛ akpɛlɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ nakai mra be lɛ mli lɛ, belɛ anɔkwalei lɛ hu miitsɔɔ akɛ eji amale. Susumɔ Katoleknyo Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔ John Henry Cardinal Newman ni ale lɛ waa lɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ ahe okwɛ:
“Nyɛhaa wɔkpɛlɛa nɔ akɛ Shishijee Sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔ nakai tsɔɔmɔi sɔrɔtoi babaoo, ni wɔ-Nuŋtsɔ lɛ ji emli oti fe fɛɛ lɛ fɛɛ ni tsakemɔi baaa mli ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛkpɛlɛɔ nɔ hu . . . Shi eka shi faŋŋ akɛ jeee nakai eji yɛ Katolek Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he. Minaaa shishinumɔ naa ni abaanyɛ awie yɛ akɛ eyɛ shishijee [sɔlemɔ lɛ mli onukpai] lɛ fɛɛ anɔkpɛlɛmɔ akɛ nɔ ni fiɔ sɛɛ lɛ. . .
“Nakai mra be mli gbii lɛ a-Hemɔkɛyeli Jajemɔi lɛ etsiii . . . [Triniti] lɛ ta kwraa. Lɛlɛŋ, amɛtsiɔ Mɛi Etɛ lɛ ata; shi ákɛ teemɔŋ sane ko yɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli, ákɛ Mɛi Etɛ lɛ, Mɔ Kome ni, akɛ Amɛ fɛɛ amɛyeɔ egbɔ, amɛyɛ kɛjɛ naanɔ, amɛ fɛɛ abɔɔɔ amɛ, amɛ fɛɛ amɛyɛ hewalɛ ni akɛfeɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ, amɛ fɛɛ anyɛɛɛ ale bɔ ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ, no lɛ awieee, ni anyɛŋ ana wiemɔi nɛɛ yɛ amɛmli kɔkɔɔkɔ.”8
Nɔ ni Justin Martyr Tsɔɔ
Mra be mli Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome ji Justin Martyr, mɔ ni hi shi kɛjɛ aaafee 110 kɛyashi 165 Ŋ.B. lɛ. Eniŋmaai ni ale jogbaŋŋ lɛ eko kwraa etsiii mɛi etɛ ni yeɔ egbɔ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome mli ko ta.
Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, taakɛ bɔ ni Katolek Jerusalem Bible lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, Abɛi 8:22-30 wieɔ Yesu ni ebatsɔko adesa lɛ he akɛ: “Yahweh bɔ mi beni eyiŋtoo lɛ je kpo klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ, dani enitsumɔi ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ ba. . . . Beni afɔ mi lɛ, bui ni mli kwɔlɔ lɛ bɛ . . . Dani abaafee gɔji lɛ, no mli lɛ afɔ mi momo . . . Miyɛ [Nyɔŋmɔ] masɛi, akɛ ŋaalɔ nukpa.” Beni ewieɔ nɛkɛ kukuji nɛɛ ahe lɛ, Justin wie yɛ ewolo Dialogue With Trypho lɛ mli akɛ:
“Ŋmalɛ lɛ ejaje akɛ Tsɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni fɔ nɛkɛ Bi nɛɛ kɛtsɔ nibii fɛɛ ni abɔ lɛ ahiɛ; ni akɛ, yɛ yibɔ kanemɔ naa lɛ, esoro mɔ ni afɔ lɛ lɛ yɛ mɔ ni fã lɛ lɛ he kwraa, ni mɔ fɛɛ mɔ baakpɛlɛ enɛ nɔ.”9
Akɛni Bi lɛ jɛ Nyɔŋmɔ mli hewɔ lɛ, Justin kɛ wiemɔ “Nyɔŋmɔ” lɛ tsu nii kɛkɔ Bi lɛ he. Ewie yɛ ewolo ni ji First Apology lɛ mli akɛ: “Jeŋ muu fɛɛ Tsɛ lɛ yɛ Bi; ni lɛ hu, akɛni Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ ni abɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ji lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ ji lɛ po.”10 Biblia lɛ hu wieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Bi lɛ he kɛ sabala ni ji “Nyɔŋmɔ.” Atsɛ lɛ yɛ Yesaia 9:6 akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ Hewalɔ.” Shi atsɛɔ ŋwɛibɔfoi, adesai, apasa nyɔŋmɔi, kɛ Satan hu yɛ Biblia lɛ mli akɛ “nyɔŋmɔi.” (Ŋwɛibɔfoi: Lala 8:6; okɛto Hebribii 2:6, 7 he. Adesai: Lala 82:6. Apasa nyɔŋmɔi: 2 Mose 12:12; 1 Korintobii 8:5. Satan: 2 Korintobii 4:4.) Wiemɔ ni akɛtsu nii kɛha “Nyɔŋmɔ,” yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli,’ El, lɛ shishinumɔ ni yɔɔ mlɛo ji “Hewalɔ” aloo “Mɔ ni Yɔɔ Hewalɛ.” Nɔ ni ekɛyeɔ egbɔ yɛ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli ji the-os.’
Kɛfata he lɛ, Hebri wiemɔ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Yesaia 9:6 lɛ tsɔɔ sɔrɔto-feemɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ yɛ Bi lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ teŋ. Atsɛɔ Bi lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ Hewalɔ”, ‘ʼEl Gib·bohrʹ, jeee “Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe.” Nakai wiemɔ lɛ yɛ Hebri mli ji ‘El Shad·daiʹ, ni akɛtsuɔ nii kɛkɔɔ Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ kome too pɛ he.
Shi, kadimɔ akɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ Justin tsɛɔ Bi lɛ akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ” moŋ, shi ekɛɛɛ kɔkɔɔkɔ akɛ Bi lɛ ji mɛi etɛ ni yeɔ egbɔ, ni amɛteŋ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ji Nyɔŋmɔ, shi mɛi etɛ lɛ fɛɛ feɔ Nyɔŋmɔ kome lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome. Shi moŋ, ewie yɛ ewolo Dialogue With Trypho lɛ mli akɛ:
“Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Nuŋtsɔ kroko . . . ko yɛ [Yesu ni ebatsɔko adesa lɛ] ni baa shi fe nibii fɛɛ a-Feelɔ [Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe] lɛ; mɔ hu [Bi lɛ] ni atsɛɔ lɛ Ŋwɛibɔfo lɛ, ejaakɛ Lɛ [Bi lɛ] etswa gbɔmɛi adafi yɛ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni nibii fɛɛ a-Feelɔ—mɔ ni lɛ esɛɛ lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ko bɛ dɔŋŋ—lɛ taoɔ ni etswa amɛ adafi yɛ he lɛ he. . . .
“Esoro [Bi lɛ] kwraa yɛ Mɔ ni fee nibii fɛɛ lɛ he,—miitsɔɔ akɛ, yɛ yibɔ naa, jeee [ni esoro lɛ] yɛ suɔmɔnaa nifeemɔ mli.”11
Kuku ko ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ jeɔ kpo yɛ Justin wolo First Apology, yitso 6 lɛ mli, he ni efaa Kristofoi ahe yɛ eshiɔ wɔŋjalɔi anaafolɔmɔ akɛ amɛheee Nyɔŋmɔ nɔ amɛyeee lɛ. Eŋma akɛ:
“Lɛ [Nyɔŋmɔ], kɛ Bi lɛ fɛɛ (mɔ ni ba kɛjɛ E-mli ni etsɔɔ wɔ nibii nɛɛ, kɛ ŋwɛibɔfoi kpakpai krokomɛi babaoo ni nyiɛ esɛɛ ni afee amɛ hu tamɔ Lɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ), kɛ gbalɛ naa Mumɔ lɛ, wɔjaa ni wɔkɛwoo hu haa.”12
Nɛkɛ kuku nɛɛ shishitsɔɔlɔ, Bernhard Lohse, wie akɛ: “Oookɛɛ nɔ ni efaaa akɛ, yɛ bɔ ni ato naa aha nɛɛ mli lɛ, atsi ŋwɛibɔfoi ata akɛ bɔɔ nii ni Kristofoi kɛ woo haa amɛ ni amɛjaa amɛ, hewɔ lɛ, Justin shashaooo shi akɛ eeetsi ŋwɛibɔfoi ata kɛtsɔ hiɛ dani etsi Mumɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ta.”13—Kwɛmɔ An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine hu.14
Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ etamɔ nɔ ni Justin Martyr etsi ehe kɛjɛ Biblia mli tsɔɔmɔ krɔŋŋ ni kɔɔ mɔ ni esa akɛ Kristofonyo lɛ kɛ jamɔ aha lɛ lɛ he moŋ, shi anaa faŋŋ akɛ ebuuu Bi lɛ akɛ ekɛ Tsɛ lɛ yeɔ egbɔ, tamɔ bɔ ni abuuu akɛ ŋwɛibɔfoi kɛ Lɛ yeɔ egbɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Yɛ Justin gbɛfaŋ lɛ, wɔmiitsɛ wiemɔi asɛɛ ekoŋŋ kɛmiijɛ Lamson Church of the First Three Centuries lɛ mli akɛ:
“Justin bu Bi lɛ akɛ mɔ ni esoro lɛ kwraa yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ he, ni ebaa shi fe lɛ hu: esoro lɛ kwraa, jeee, yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ shishinumɔ naa, akɛ eji sui, loo mɛi etɛ lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome, . . . shi moŋ esoro lɛ kwraa yɛ esu kɛ ebɔɔ su mli; eji mɔ ko ni yɔɔ, bɔɔ nɔ diɛŋtsɛ, mɔ aŋkro ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli, ni esoro lɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ, mɔ mli ni enaa ehewalɛi kɛ sabalai kɛjɛɔ lɛ he; akɛ lɛ eto eshishi, ni ebaa ehe shi ehaa esuɔmɔnaa nifeemɔ yɛ nibii fɛɛ mli. Tsɛ lɛ nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ; Bi lɛ yɛ eshishi: Tsɛ lɛ ji hewalɛ jɛɛhe; Bi lɛ ji mɔ ni ekɛhaa: Tsɛ lɛ ŋɔɔ nibii jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ; Bi lɛ, tsuɔ he nii akɛ esɔɔlɔ loo dɛŋdade. Mɛi enyɔ ji amɛ yɛ yibɔ naa, shi amɛkpaa gbee, aloo amɛfee ekome, yɛ suɔmɔnaa nifeemɔ mli; Tsɛ lɛ suɔmɔnaa nii yeɔ klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ Bi lɛ gbɛfaŋ.”15
Kɛfata he lɛ, he ko kwraa bɛ ni Justin kɛɔ yɛ akɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ji gbɔmɔ ni kɛ Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ yeɔ egbɔ. No hewɔ lɛ anyɛŋ akɛ anɔkwayeli akɛɛ yɛ shishinumɔ ko naa akɛ Justin tsɔɔ Kristendom ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ.
Nɔ ni Clement Tsɔɔ
Clement ni jɛ Alexandria (af. 150 kɛyashi 215 Ŋ.B.) lɛ hu tsɛɔ Bi lɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ.” Etsɛɔ lɛ po akɛ “Bɔlɔ,” ni ji wiemɔ ni akɛtsɛko Yesu yɛ Biblia lɛ mli da lɛ. Ani eetsɔɔ akɛ Bi lɛ kɛ Bɔlɔ ofe lɛ yeɔ egbɔ yɛ gbɛi fɛɛ nɔ? Dabi. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Clement miiwie Yohane 1:3 he, he ni wie yɛ Bi lɛ he akɛ: “Lɛ enɔ atsɔ afee nibii fɛɛ” lɛ.16 Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Bi lɛ tsu nii akɛ nitsulɔ yɛ E-debɔɔ nitsumɔi lɛ amli.—Kolosebii 1:15-17.
Clement tsɛɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Ni Nɔ Kwɔ fe Fɛɛ lɛ akɛ “wɔ-Nuŋtsɔ Yesu Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ Tsɛ”17 ni ekɛɔ akɛ “Nuŋtsɔ lɛ ji Bɔlɔ lɛ Bi.”18 Ekɛɔ hu akɛ: “Nibii fɛɛ a-Nyɔŋmɔ ji Bɔlɔ koome lɛ pɛ, mlihilɔ lɛ, ni Bi lɛ [yɛ] Tsɛ lɛ mli.”19) No hewɔ lɛ eŋma akɛ Bi lɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ ko ni nɔ kwɔ fe lɛ.
Clement wieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ he akɛ “klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ kɛ mɔ pɛ ni haa mɔ naanɔ wala, ni Bi lɛ, ni nine shɛ nɔ kɛjɛ Lɛ [Nyɔŋmɔ] edɛŋ lɛ, haa wɔ lɛ.”20 Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ shishijee wala Halɔ lɛ nɔ kwɔ kwraa fe mɔ ni, kɛji aawie he lɛ, etsɔɔ enɔ kɛbaa lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, Clement kɛɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ “ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ, kɛ mɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ.”21 Kɛfata he lɛ, ekɛɔ akɛ Bi lɛ “bɛŋkɛ Lɛ fe fɛɛ, lɛ mɔ ni ji Ofe Lɛ,” ni ákɛ Bi lɛ “faa ni afeɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ yɛ Tsɛ lɛ suɔmɔnaa nii kɛ gbeekpamɔ naa.”22 Yɛ be kɛ bei amli lɛ, Clement tsɔɔ bɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe lɛ nɔ kwɔ fe Bi lɛ ha.
Wɔkaneɔ yɛ Clement ni jɛ Alexandria lɛ he, yɛ The church of the First Three Centuries lɛ mli akɛ:
“Wɔbaanyɛ wɔtsɛ Clement niŋmaai amli kukuji babaoo ni maa bɔ ni Bi lɛ baa shi haa lɛ nɔ mi jogbaŋŋ lɛ asɛɛ. . . .
“Efeɔ wɔ naakpɛɛ akɛ mɔ ko aaakane Clement niŋmaai lɛ kɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni mli ka shi, ni eeesusu yɛ be kuku po mli akɛ ebuɔ Bi lɛ akɛ lɛ nɔŋŋ ji Tsɛ lɛ—ni amɛfee ekome—yɛ yibɔ kanemɔ naa. Taakɛ bɔ ni wɔnaa lɛ, ayooɔ ehe ni ekɛfɔɔ mɔ ko nɔ kɛ esu ni baa shi lɛ yɛ he fɛɛ he. Clement he eye akɛ esoro Nyɔŋmɔ kwraa yɛ Bi lɛ he yɛ yibɔ naa; yɛ wiemɔ kroko mli lɛ, mɛi sɔrɔtoi enyɔ,—mɔ kome nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ, ni mɔ kroko lɛ yɛ eshishi.”23
Kɛfata he lɛ, abaanyɛ akɛɛ hu akɛ: Kɛji efeɔ tamɔ nɔ ni bei komɛi lɛ Clement yaa nɔ kɛtekeɔ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ wieɔ yɛ Yesu he po lɛ, he ko kwraa bɛ ni ewie Triniti ni mɛi etɛ ni yeɔ egbɔ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome mli lɛ feɔ lɛ he yɛ. Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi tamɔ Tatian, Theophilus, kɛ Athenagoras, ni hi shi yɛ Justin kɛ Clement be lɛ teŋ lɛ hu asusumɔi tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ. Lamson kɛɔ akɛ “jeee Triniti tsɔɔlɔi ji amɛ, tamɔ bɔ ni Justin diɛŋtsɛ ji lɛ nɔŋŋ pɛpɛɛpɛ; ni tsɔɔ akɛ, amɛheee Mɛi Etɛ ni efee ekome, ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛyeɔ egbɔ amɛyeee, shi moŋ amɛtsɔɔ tsɔɔmɔ ko ni kɛ nɛkɛ hemɔkɛyeli nɛɛ bɛ tsakpaa ko kwraa.”24
Tertullian Nyɔŋmɔ Jamɔ he Nilee Lɛ
Tertullian (af. 160 kɛyashi 230 Ŋ.B.) ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ ni kɛ Latin wiemɔ trinitas lɛ tsu nii. Taakɛ Henry Chadwick wie lɛ, Tertullian kɛ jwɛŋmɔ lɛ ba akɛ ‘mɛi etɛ ni yɔɔ su kome mli’ ji Nyɔŋmɔ.25 Shi, enɛ etsɔɔɔ akɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ ejwɛŋmɔ mli ji mɛi etɛ ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛyeɔ egbɔ ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛyɛ kɛjɛ naanɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, niŋmalalɔi ni ba yɛ sɛɛ mli, ni miitsu nii kɛmiifa Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he lɛ ji mɛi ni tswa nɛkɛ susumɔ nɛɛ amɛma shi.
Esoro jwɛŋmɔ ni Tertullian hiɛ yɛ Tsɛ, Bi, kɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ he lɛ kwraa yɛ Kristendom Triniti lɛ he, ejaakɛ eji mɔ ko ni heɔ yeɔ akɛ mɔ ko baa shi fe mɔ ko. Ebuɔ Bi lɛ akɛ ebaa shi, ni eyɛ Tsɛ lɛ shishi. Eŋma yɛ ewolo Against Hermogenes lɛ mli akɛ:
“Yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ pɛ, mɔ ni jɛɛɛ mɔ ko mli ni abɔɔɔ lɛ hu lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, esaaa akɛ wɔsusuɔ akɛ mɔ kroko hu yɛ tamɔ nakai. . . Te aaafee tɛŋŋ ni, yɛ Tsɛ lɛ pɛ sɛɛ lɛ, nɔ kroko aaatsɛ̀, ni yɛ enɛ gbɛfaŋ hu lɛ, ehiɛ aba nyam fe Nyɔŋmɔ Bi lɛ, mɔ ni ji bi koome kɛ Wiemɔ lɛ ni ji kromɔ lɛ? . . . Akɛ abaawo [Nyɔŋmɔ] ni Feelɔ he ehiaaa lɛ dani enyɛ eba shihilɛ mli lɛ nɔ gojoo yɛ gbɛhe mli fe [Bi lɛ] ni yɔɔ shishijelɔ ni ha eba shihilɛ mli lɛ nɔ.”26
Agbɛnɛ hu, etsɔɔ yɛ Against Praxeas mli akɛ esoro Bi lɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe lɛ he, ni ebaa shi fe lɛ hu, ni ekɛɛ:
“Tsɛ lɛ ji su muu lɛ fɛɛ, shi Bi lɛ jɛ emuu lɛ mli, ni eji emuu lɛ fa hu, taakɛ bɔ ni Lɛ Diɛŋtsɛ ekpɛlɛɔ nɔ lɛ: ‘Mi-Tsɛ da fe mi.’ . . . Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, esoro Tsɛ lɛ kwraa yɛ Bi lɛ he, ni enɔ kwɔ loo eda fe Bi lɛ, shii abɔ ni Mɔ ni fɔɔ mɔ lɛ ji mɔ pɔtɛɛ ko, ni Mɔ ni afɔɔ lɛ lɛ hu ji mɔ kroko lɛ; Lɛ, mɔ ni tsuɔ mɔ lɛ hu ji mɔ pɔtɛɛ ko, ni Mɔ ni atsuɔ lɛ lɛ hu ji mɔ kroko; ni shikome ekoŋŋ lɛ, Lɛ, mɔ ni feɔ lɛ ji mɔ pɔtɛɛ ko, ni Mɔ ni atsɔɔ enɔ afeɔ nakai nii lɛ hu ji mɔ kroko.”27
Tertullian wie kɛfata he, yɛ Against Hermogenes mli akɛ, be ko tsɔ hiɛ ni no mli lɛ Bi lɛ bɛ shihilɛ mli akɛ mɔ ni yɔɔ, ni tsɔɔ akɛ ebuuu Bi lɛ akɛ mɔ ko ni yɔɔ kɛjɛ naanɔ yɛ bɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ yɔɔ kɛjɛ naanɔ lɛ shishinumɔ nɔŋŋ naa.28 Cardinal Newman kɛɛ: “Esa akɛ abu Tertullian mɔ ko ni tsɔɔ tsɔɔmɔi sɔrɔtoi [mɔ ni heɔ tsɔɔmɔi ni akpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ eyeɔ] yɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ bɔ ni wɔ-Nuŋtsɔ lɛ yɔɔ kɛjɛ naanɔ lɛ he lɛ gbɛfaŋ.”29 Lamson wie yɛ Tertullian he akɛ:
“Taakɛ Tertullian he eye lɛ, atsake nɛkɛ yiŋtoo, loo Logos nɛɛ, taakɛ Helabii lɛ tsɛɔ lɛ lɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli, ni afee lɛ Wiemɔ, loo Bi, ni ji, mɔ ko ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli diɛŋtsɛ, ni ehi shi kɛjɛ naanɔ, shi akɛ Tsɛ lɛ su pɛ. Shi, Tertullian ha lɛ gbɛhe ko ni haa ebaa shi fe Tsɛ lɛ . . .
“Kɛji aakojo yɛ Triniti lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ ni akɛhaa yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ bei nɛɛ amli ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ lɛ naa lɛ, no lɛ ka ni aaaka akɛ aaahere Tertullian kɛjɛ fɔbuu mli [akɛ amale tsɔɔlɔ] lɛ baafee efolo. Enyɛŋ edamɔ kaa lɛ naa yɛ be kukuoo po mli.”30
Triniti ko Bɛ
Kɛji oookane nibii ni Hemɔkɛyeli Hefalɔi lɛ ŋmala lɛ fɛɛ lɛ, obaana akɛ eyɛ mli akɛ amɛgbaa afa kɛjɛɔ Biblia lɛ tsɔɔmɔi ahe yɛ nibii komɛi agbɛfaŋ moŋ, shi amɛteŋ mɔ ko mɔ ko etsɔɔɔ akɛ Tsɛ lɛ, Bi lɛ, kɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ fɛɛ yeɔ egbɔ yɛ naanɔ shihilɛ, hewalɛ, gbɛhe, kɛ nilee mli.
Enɛ ji anɔkwale yɛ niŋmalɔi krokomɛi ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enyɔ kɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli lɛ hu ahe, tamɔ Irenaeus, Hippolytus, Origen, Cyprian, kɛ Novatian. Eyɛ mli akɛ amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi kɛɔ akɛ Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ yeɔ egbɔ yɛ nibii komɛi amli moŋ, shi yɛ gbɛi krokomɛi anɔ lɛ, amɛbu Bi lɛ akɛ ebaa shi fe Nyɔŋmɔ ni ji Tsɛ lɛ. Ni amɛteŋ mɔ ko susuuu eyiŋ po akɛ eeekɛɛ akɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ kɛ Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ yeɔ egbɔ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Origen (af. 185 kɛyashi 254 Ŋ.B.) wie akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Bi lɛ ji “adebɔɔ fɛɛ Kromɔ-bi,” ni ákɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ “wie E-he akɛ adebɔɔ nitsumɔi lɛ fɛɛ mli nɔ ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ.”31
Nɛkɛ mra be mli sɔlemɔ lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔi nɛɛ aniŋmaai lɛ akanemɔ kɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni mli ka shi tsɔɔ akɛ Kristendom Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ bɛ kwraa yɛ amɛbeaŋ. Taakɛ The Church of the First Three Centuries lɛ kɛɔ lɛ:
“Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ ni ehe gbɛi lɛ . . . naaa sɛɛfimɔ ko kwraa kɛjɛɛɛ Justin niŋmaai lɛ amli: ni abaanyɛ akpã nɔ ni akpa shi ana nɛɛ mli kɛkɔ Tsɛmɛi ni tsɔ Nikaea Gwabɔɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ fɛɛ ahe; ni ji, Kristofoi niŋmalalɔi ni ba yɛ afii ohai etɛ ni nyiɛ Kristo fɔmɔ sɛɛ lɛ mli lɛ ahe. Eji anɔkwale, amɛwieɔ Tsɛ, Bi, kɛ gbalɛ naa loo Mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ he, shi jeee akɛ mɛi ni yeɔ egbɔ, jeee akɛ mɔ kome yɛ yibɔ su naa, jeee akɛ Mɛi Etɛ yɛ Mɔ Kome mli, yɛ shishinumɔ ni Triniti tsɔɔlɔi kpɛlɛɔ nɔ bianɛ lɛ eko naa. Nɔ ni kɛ enɛ kpaaa gbee kwraa lɛ moŋ ji anɔkwale lɛ. Esoro Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ, taakɛ nɛkɛ Tsɛmɛi nɛɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ kwraa yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he. Ni wɔmiiwie enɛ akɛ anɔkwale ni wɔbaanyɛ wɔma nɔ mi taakɛ anɔkwalei krokomɛi fɛɛ ni eba yɛ adesai asusumɔi ahe yinɔsane mli ji lɛ.”32
Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, atsiii Triniti lɛ ta po yɛ be ni tsɔ Tertullian hiɛ lɛ mli. Ni esoro Tertullian Triniti lɛ he “tsɔɔmɔi sɔrɔtoi” lɛ kwraa yɛ nɔ ni aheɔ ayeɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ he. Belɛ, te fee tɛŋŋ ni Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ, taakɛ anuɔ shishi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, je shishi mɔ? Ani eje shishi yɛ Nikaea Gwabɔɔ ni ba yɛ 325 Ŋ.B. lɛ mli? Wɔbaasusu nɛkɛ sanebimɔi nɛɛ ahe yɛ nɛkɛ sane ni tsara nɔ nɛɛ Fa 4 ni baaba yɛ Buu-Mɔɔ ni baanyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli.
Woji ni akwɛ mli:
1. A Short History of the Early Church, ni Harry R. Boer ŋma, 1976, baafa 110.
2. The Formation of Christian Dogma, ni Martin Werner ŋma, 1957, baafa 125.
3. The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, ni R. P. C. Hanson ŋma, 1988. baafa 64.
4. The Church of the First Three Centuries, ni Alvan Lamson, 1869, baafai 70-1.
5. Gods and the One God, ni Robert M. Grant ŋma, 1986, baafai 109, 156, 160.
6. The Formation of Christian Dogma, baafai 122, 125.
7. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1982, Volume 2, baafa 513.
8. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, ni John Henry Cardinal Newman ŋma, Ni nɔ Ji Ekpaa, 1989, baafai 14-18.
9. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ni Alexander Roberts kɛ James Donaldson kwɛ mli lɛ, Edinburgh Nɔ ni Asaa Akala yɛ Amerika Lɛ, 1885, Volume I, baafa 264.
10. Ibid., baafa 184.
11. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 1, baafa 223.
12. Ibid., baafa 164.
13. A Short History of Christian Doctrine, ni Bernhard Lohse ŋma, ni F. Ernest Stoeffier tsɔɔ shishi kɛjɛ German mli lɛ, 1963, nɔ ni ji enyɔ ni akala ni akɛ wolo ha sɛɛ, 1980, baafa 43.
14. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, baafa 20.
15. The Church of The First Three Centuries, baafai 73-4, 76.
16. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume II, baafa 234.
17. Ibid, baafa 227.
18. Ibid, baafa 228.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid, baafa 593.
22. Ibid, baafa 524.
23. The Church of The First Three Centuries, pages 124-5.
24. Ibid, baafa 95.
25. The Early Church, ni Henry Chadwick ŋma, nɔ ni akala 1980 lɛ, baafa 89.
26. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume III. baafa 487.
27. Ibid, baafai 603-4.
28. Ibid., baafa 478.
29. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, baafai 19, 20.
30. The Church of the First Three Centuries, baafai 108-9.
31. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume lV, baafa 560.
32. The Church of The First Three Centuries, baafai 75-6.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 27]
Clement
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Historical Pictures Service
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28]
Tertullian
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Historical Pictures Service