Nuklea Hegbeyeiwoo lɛ Ani Eba Naagbee Agbɛnɛ?
“ETAMƆ nɔ ni toiŋjɔlɛ baanyɛ aba Shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ agbɛnɛ fe bei fɛɛ ni eho kɛjɛ Jeŋ Ta II sɛɛ kɛbaa.” Nɛkɛ wiemɔi ni tsɔɔ gbɛkpamɔ kpakpa, ni adafitswaa nitsulɔ ko wie yɛ 1980 afi lɛ naagbee gbɛ nɛɛ damɔ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ tawuu nibii ajiemɔ he gbeekpamɔi ni sa kadimɔ kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ basabasa feemɔi eha Jeŋ Hewalɛi lɛ Ateŋ Akaŋshii lɛ eba naagbee agbɛnɛ lɛ nɔ. Shi ani nuklea hegbeyeiwoo, ni kadi jeŋ hewalɛi lɛ akaŋshii lɛ waa lɛ, hu eba naagbee? Ani etsɛŋ ni nine baanyɛ ashɛ toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ ni hiɔ shi daa nɔ?
Osharai ni Yɔɔ bɔ ni Efa Babaoo lɛ He
Beni Jeŋ Hewalɛi lɛ Ateŋ Akaŋshii lɛ yaa nɔ, ni amɛkɛ amɛhe fɔɔ hegbeyeiwoo pɛpɛɛpɛ-ŋmɛɛ nɔ koni ebaa toiŋjɔlɛ yi lɛ, jeŋ hewalɛi lɛ kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ amɛbaaha nuklea tawuu nibii ahe nilee ni akɛdiɔ toiŋjɔlɛ nibii asɛɛ lɛ aya hiɛ, shi kɛlɛ amɛbaatsi ekɛ nitsumɔ ni akɛbaafee nuklea tawuu nii lɛ naa. Yɛ 1970 mli lɛ, Nuklea Tawuu Nibii Babaoo Afeemɔ Naatsii he Kpaŋmɔ lɛ bɔi nitsumɔ; sɛɛ mli lɛ, maji 140 kpɛlɛ nɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, maji ni yɔɔ nyɛmɔ ni amɛkɛaafee nuklea tawuu nibii, tamɔ Argentina, Brazil, India, kɛ Israel ekpoo akɛ amɛkɛ amɛnine aaawo shishi, aahu kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ po.
Shi, yɛ 1985 mli lɛ, maŋ kroko hu ni yɔɔ nuklea tawuu nii afeemɔ he nyɛmɔ, ni ji North Korea kɛ enine wo shishi. No hewɔ lɛ, beni etswa adafi akɛ ejie ehe kɛjɛ kpaŋmɔ lɛ mli yɛ March 12, 1993 lɛ, eha je lɛ hao waa yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ. German adafitswaa wolo ko ni atsɛɔ lɛ Der Spiegel lɛ wie akɛ: “Adafi ni etswaa akɛ egbala ehe shi kɛjɛ Nuklea Tawuu Nibii Babaoo Afeemɔ Naatsii he Kpaŋmɔ lɛ mli lɛ ebafee nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ ko ni efee efɔ shi: Amrɔ nɛɛ, nuklea tawuu nibii afeemɔ he akaŋshii he gbeyeishemɔ lɛ eba ekoŋŋ, klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ kɛjɛ Asia, ni ebaanyɛ efee oshara kpele fe okpɛlɛmii ahe akaŋshii ni hi jeŋ hewalɛi lɛ ateŋ lɛ.”
Akɛni akɛ maŋ hedɔɔ miito maji heei ashishi oyayaayai yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, ekolɛ enɛ baaha maji ni yɔɔ nuklea hewalɛ lɛ ayi afa. (Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa lɛ.) Adafitswaa he nitsulɔ Charles Krauthammer bɔɔ kɔkɔ akɛ: “Soviet hegbeyeiwoo lɛ naagbee etsɔɔɔ nuklea oshara lɛ naagbee. Oshara lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji nuklea hewalɛi ayifalɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ, ni nuklea hewalɛi nɛɛ ayifalɛ lɛ shishijee nɛ.”
Okpɛlɛmii ni Aahɔ̃ɔ
Maji ni etsɛŋ ni amɛbaatsɔmɔ nuklea hewalɛi lɛ ahe miitswa shi waa ni amɛná bulɛ kɛ hewalɛ ni nɛkɛ tawuu nii nɛɛ haa mɔ naa lɛ eko. Awieɔ akɛ kɛ hoo lɛ, maŋ kome ko ehe nuklea tawuu okpɛlɛmii enyɔ kɛjɛ Kazakhstan. Nɛkɛ tsutsu Soviet maŋ nɛɛ buɔ tawuu okpɛlɛmii nɛɛ ahe akɔntaa akɛ “elaaje.”
Yɛ October 1992 mli lɛ, amɔmɔ hii babaoo yɛ Frankfurt, Germany, ni amɛhiɛ cesium ni ebɔɔ yɔɔ mli waa lɛ aaashɛ gram 200, ni enɛ fa bɔ ni ebaanyɛ efite nu ni maŋ fɛɛ nuɔ lɛ kwraa. No sɛɛ otsi lɛ, amɔmɔ hii kpawo yɛ Munich, ni amɛkɛ uranium ni tsiimɔ shɛɔ kilogram 2.2 miiju shi kɛmiiba maŋ lɛ mli. Kui enyɔ ni kɛ nuklea nibii juɔ shi kɛbaa maŋ lɛ mli, ni ayoo amɛsɛɛ gbɛ yɛ otsii enyɔ pɛ mli lɛ ha maŋ onukpai lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe waa, ejaakɛ abɔ enumɔ pɛ he amaniɛ yɛ je lɛŋ fɛɛ, yɛ afi ni ho lɛ mli.
Kɛji nɛkɛ gbɔmɛi nɛɛ ekpɛ amɛyiŋ akɛ amɛyaahɔɔ nibii nɛɛ amɛha hegbeyeiwoo kui jio, maŋ nɔyelii jio, no lɛ aleee. Shi kɛlɛ, bɔ ni aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ nuklea hegbeyeiwoo baanyɛ aba lɛ miiya hiɛ waa. Dr. David Lowry ni jɛ European Proliferation Information Centre lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni oshara lɛ ji lɛ mli akɛ: “Nɔ ni ehe hiaa ni hegbeyeiwolɔ lɛ afee pɛ ji ni ekɛ uranium ni naa wa waa lɛ bibioo ko pɛ aya hegbɛi ni abuɔ waa lɛ eko ŋɔɔ kɛha ekaa-kɛ-kwɛmɔ, ni amɛkɛɛ kɛkɛ akɛ amɛyɛ babaoo, ni naa ehe odaseyeli. Etamɔ mɔ ko ni emɔ mɔ kroko kɛjo foi kɛyatee, ni efo mɔ lɛ toi emaje akɛ mɔ lɛ yɛ eŋɔɔ lɛlɛŋ.”
Toiŋjɔlɛ “Okpɛlɛmii ni Baanyɛ Afɛlɛ Wɔsɛɛ” kɛ “Gbele Tsɔnei ni Atsɔ̃”
Beni 1992 je shishi lɛ, no mli lɛ nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ hei 420 miitsu nii yɛ toiŋjɔlɛ gbɛ nɔ ákɛ nɔ ni akɛfeɔ srawa hewalɛ; no mli lɛ, aafee 76 krokomɛi hu. Shi afii abɔ lɛ mli fɛɛ lɛ, nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ he osharai eha helai, musu-shrakemɔ, kɛ gbekɛbii ni afɔɔ amɛ ni amɛje kpá, ni faa babaoo lɛ ahe amaniɛbɔi eje kpo. Amaniɛbɔɔ ko tsɔɔ akɛ beni shɛɔ afi 1967 mli lɛ, Soviet plutonium hewalɛ nitsumɔ he ko osharai eha ebɔɔ ni ejɛ mli kɛbote kɔɔyɔɔ mli lɛ eku ebɔ oshara ni ba yɛ Chernobyl lɛ he toi etɛ.
Shi, nɛkɛ sɛɛkpee oshara ni ba yɛ Chernobyl, yɛ Ukraine, yɛ April 1986 mli nɛɛ gbala mɛi ajwɛŋmɔ ni atswa he adafi fe fɛɛ. Grigori Medwedew, ni ji nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ he nɔkwɛlɔ sɛɛ mɔ yɛ Chernobyl nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ he lɛ yɛ 1970 afii lɛ amli lɛ, tsɔɔ mli akɛ “abaanyɛ akɛ nuklea hewalɛ mli ebɔɔ babaoo ni jeɔ kpo” kɛboteɔ kɔɔyɔɔ mli lɛ “ato Hiroshima okpɛlɛmii nyɔŋma he, kɛji aawie nibii ni baajɛ mli aba yɛ be kpalaŋŋ sɛɛ lɛ he.”
Medwedew to naa etsĩ nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ hei amli osharai 11 ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ he, ni ba yɛ tsutsu Soviet Union yɛ 1980 afii lɛ teŋ gbɛ, kɛ ekrokomɛi 12 ni ba yɛ United States hu lɛ naa yɛ ewolo ni gbɛi ji Tschernobylskaja chronika lɛ mli. Sɛɛkpee nɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome ji oshara ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ, ni ba yɛ 1979 mli yɛ Three Mile Island lɛ. Medwedew wie nɔ ni ba nɛɛ he akɛ: “No bafee klɛŋklɛŋ oshara ni fite gbɛi kpakpa ni nuklea hewalɛ yɔɔ lɛ kwraa, ni ejie bɔ ni mɛi susuɔ akɛ nuklea nitsumɔ hei yɔɔ shweshweeshwe lɛ kwraa kɛjɛ mɛi pii ajwɛŋmɔ mli—shi jeee yɛ mɛi fɛɛ ajwɛŋmɔ mli.”
Enɛ tsɔɔ nɔ hewɔ ni osharai baa lolo lɛ. Yɛ 1992 mli lɛ, amɛtee hiɛ yɛ Russia kɛ nɔ ni miihe ashɛ oha mlijaa 20. Beni osharai nɛɛ ekome ba, yɛ nakai afi lɛ March mli, yɛ Sosnovy Bore srawa hewalɛ nitsumɔ he lɛ yɛ St. Petersburg, yɛ Russia lɛ, ebɔɔ ni bote kɔɔyɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ oha mlijaa 50 yɛ England kooyi-bokagbɛ, ni eyashɛ bɔ ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ esaaa akɛ efeɔ nakai yɛ kɔɔyɔɔ mli lɛ toi enyɔ yɛ Estonia kɛ Finland wuoyigbɛ. Nilelɔ John Urquhart ni jɛ Newcastle University lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ: “Minyɛŋ mamã nɔ mi akɛ Sosnovy Bore nɔ lɛ ji nɔ ni ha ebɔɔ lɛ fa babaoo yɛ kɔɔyɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ—shi kɛ jeee Sosnovy Bore nɔ lɛ kɛba lɛ, te nɔ ni kɛba?”
Nuklea nibii ahe nilelɔi komɛi wieɔ akɛ tɔmɔi yɛ nuklea nitsumɔ hei ni akɛ Chernobyl nɔ lɛ he ŋaa fee lɛ ahe waa, ni amɛkɛ nitsumɔ yɛ oshara waa diɛŋtsɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, akɛ nɔ ni fa fe nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ miitsu nii ni akɛmiiye aabua yɛ srawa hewalɛ hiamɔ nii ahe nitsumɔ mli. Afolɔ nuklea hewalɛ nitsulɔi lɛ ekomɛi anaa po akɛ amɛtsimɔɔ nibii ni haa nuklea nitsumɔ he lɛ feɔ shweshweeshwe lɛ nɔ bɔni afee ni eha srawa hewalɛ ni nitsumɔ he lɛ feɔ lɛ afa babaoo. Amaniɛbɔi tamɔ enɛɛmɛi woɔ maji komɛi tamɔ France, ni kɛ nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ hei tsuɔ nii kɛfeɔ srawa hewalɛ ni he hiaa amɛ lɛ oha mlijaa 70 lɛ, ahe gbeyei. Kɛ “Chernobyl” oshara lɛ ekroko ba lɛ, no lɛ abaanyɛ enitsumɔ hei ni yɔɔ France lɛ babaoo nɔ ni amɛkɛkpa nitsumɔ kwraa.
Yɛ be ko sɛɛ lɛ, nuklea nitsumɔ hei ni yɔɔ “shweshweeshwe” lɛ po efeee shweshweeshwe dɔŋŋ. Yɛ 1993 shishijee gbɛ, beni akwɛɔ bɔ ni nitsumɔ hei nɛɛ yɔɔ shweshweeshwe ha taakɛ afɔɔ kwɛmɔ daa lɛ, ana hei fe oha ni ekrake loo ewule yɛ dade ododobɛŋ ni yɔɔ Brunsbüttel nuklea nitsumɔ he, ni ji Germany nɔ ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome lɛ mli. Ana hei ni ewule nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ nuklea nitsumɔ hei amli dadei lɛ ekomɛi amli yɛ France kɛ Switzerland. Klɛŋklɛŋ oshara ni yɔɔ hiɛdɔɔ, ni ba yɛ Japan nuklea nitsumɔ he lɛ ba yɛ 1991 mli, ni afii abɔ ni eye lɛ fata he ni eha ebalɛ nakai. Enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ osharai ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ baanyɛ aba yɛ United States, he ni nuklea nitsumɔ hei ni feɔ srawa hewalɛ amɛhɔ̃ɔ lɛ amlijaa etɛ mli ekome eye fe afii nyɔŋma kɛyaa lɛ.
Nuklea nitsumɔ hei ahe osharai baanyɛ aba yɛ he fɛɛ he, be fɛɛ be. Babaoo ni nuklea nitsumɔ hei lɛ faa lɛ, babaoo ni amɛhe gbeyeishemɔ lɛ yaa hiɛ ji no; babaoo ni nitsumɔ he lɛ etsɛ lɛ, babaoo ni oshara yɔɔ he waa ji no. No hewɔ lɛ, yiŋtoo kpakpa hewɔ ni adafitswaa wolo ko wo amɛ gbɛi akɛ okpɛlɛmii ni baanyɛ afɛlɛ wɔsɛɛ, kɛ nuklea nibii ahe gbele tsɔnei ni atsɔ̃ lɛ.
Nɛgbɛ Esa Akɛ Amɛtsi Nuklea Jwɛi lɛ Amɛshwie?
Nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ, gbɔmɛi anaa kpɛ amɛhe waa akɛ amɛaana faa naa hiɛtserɛjiemɔ hé ko yɛ French Alps niiaŋ ni afo he afabaŋ ni polisifoi miibu he. Adafitswaa wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ The European lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Nuklea ebɔɔ he nibii ni akwɛɔ daa, ni afã ni akwɛ mli beni beryllium ebɔɔ gbe yoo ko ni jɛ jɛmɛ niiaŋ, aaafee nyɔji enyɔ ni eho nɛ lɛ, jie lɛ kpo akɛ nuklea ebɔɔ yɛ hiɛtserɛjiemɔ he nɛɛ waa, ni efa fe bɔ ni yɔɔ hei krokomɛi ni bɛŋkɛ amɛ lɛ mli lɛ toi 100.”
Akɛ beryllium, ni ji dade ko ni yɔɔ huyɛɛ, ni atsɔɔ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ afeɔ lɛ, tsuɔ nii akɛfeɔ kɔɔyɔŋ lɛlɛ, ni kɛ akɛ la-kpɛmɔ loo dɔlɛ sa he lɛ, anyɛɔ akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ nuklea hewalɛ nitsumɔ hei. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, nitsumɔ he ko ni feɔ beryllium eyatsi jwɛi ni jɛ la-kpɛmɔ loo dɔlɛ hewalɛ ni akɛtsu he nii lɛ mli kɛba lɛ eshwie hiɛtserɛjiemɔ he nɛɛ niiaŋ. The European lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Beryllium mulu, ni akɛ la-kpɛmɔ loo dɔlɛ hewalɛ esako he po lɛ, ji nitsumɔ he jwɛi ni ebɔɔ yɔɔ mli fe fɛɛ ni ale lɛ ateŋ ekome.”
Yɛ enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, abɔ amaniɛ akɛ ayatsi balei 17,000 ni nuklea hewalɛ mli jwɛi yɔɔ mli lɛ ashwie yɛ afii 30 ni ho lɛ amli fɛɛ yɛ Novaya Zemlya ŋshɔ, ni tsutsu Soviet Union kɛtsu nii akɛ hei ni amɛyakaa amɛnuklea okpɛlɛmii yɛ, yɛ 1950 afii lɛ shishijee mli lɛ mli. Kɛfata he lɛ, ayatsi nuklea nu shishi tawuu lɛji amli nibii ni nuklea hewalɛ yɔɔ mli, kɛ agbɛnɛ, kɛ hoo lɛ, nuklea nitsumɔ hei 12 amli nibii ashwie nɛkɛ nui ni amɛbuɔ lɛ jwɛi-nii ni hi jogbaŋŋ nɛɛ mli.
Kɛji hiɛ kã he jio, hiɛ kãaa he jio, osharai yɛ nuklea mujiwoo he waa. Time wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ bɔ kɔkɔ yɛ nu shishi tawuu lɛlɛ ko ni tee nu shishi yɛ Norway ŋshɔ lɛ mli yɛ 1989 mli lɛ he akɛ: “Cesium-137, ni ji nuklea nibii amli hewalɛ ko ni haa mɔ kansa lɛ ebɔi lɛlɛ ni ebutu nɛɛ mli jɛɛ momo. Kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ, abuɔ bɔ ni jɛɔ mli kɛbaa lɛ akɛ efaaa tsɔ̃, bɔ ni ebaanyɛ esa ŋshɔŋ looi aloo adesai agbɔmɔtsoŋ hewalɛ he. Shi nuklea okpɛlɛmii enyɔ ni akɛtswaa lɛji, ni plutonium ní be ni eheɔ ni emli atɔm tsakeɔ kɛtsɔɔ nɔ kroko lɛ fã falɛ ji afii 24,000, ni emli ebɔɔ naa wa waa aahu akɛ bibioo pɛ baanyɛ agbe gbɔmɔ lɛ, tsiimɔ ni shɛɔ kilogram 13 [ŋsɛnii tɛi 29] yɛ Komsomolets nu shishi tawuu lɛlɛ nɛɛ mli. Russia nilelɔi bɔ kɔkɔ akɛ nɛkɛ plutonium nɛɛ baanyɛ abote nu lɛ mli, ni ebaawo ŋshɔ lɛ mli nu lɛ babaoo mli muji yɛ 1994 mli nɔŋŋ.”
Shi kɛlɛ, nuklea hewalɛ mli nibii ni ehiii ni atsiɔ ashwieɔ nɛɛ jeee naagba ni yɔɔ France kɛ Russia pɛ kɛkɛ. Time wolo lɛ tɛtrɛɛ lɛ bɔɔ amaniɛ akɛ United States yɛ “nuklea hewalɛ ni ebɔɔ yɔɔ mli, ni ehiii nɛɛ babaoo mã shi, ni abɛ he ko pɔtɛɛ ni akɛbaato daa.” Ekɛɔ akɛ ebɔɔ ni akɛwo balei akpeiakpe kome mli yɛ he ko ni akɛto yɛ be kukuoo mli, ni “elaajemɔ, ejuu, kɛ kɔɔyɔɔ kɛ nu mli ni eeenyɛ efite, yɛ ehe nii ni atsuuu jogbaŋŋ hewɔ lɛ he oshara lɛ” yɛ daa nɛɛ.
Akɛ nɔ ni feɔ oshara nɛɛ he nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, bale ko ni nuklea nitsumɔ he nibii ni ehiii yɔɔ mli, yɛ tsutsu nuklea nitsumɔ he ko yɛ Tomsk, yɛ Siberia lɛ fɛ́ yɛ April 1993 mli, ni eha gbɔmɛi fee oshara ni yɔɔ gbeyei, tamɔ nɔ ni ba yɛ Chernobyl lɛ he mfoniri yɛ amɛjwɛŋmɔi amli.
Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, wɔnaa faŋŋ akɛ toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ bolɔmɔ ko ni wɔɔnu, ni damɔ nuklea tawuu nibii ahe gbeyeishemɔ ni akɛɛ eba naagbee lɛ nɔ lɛ bɛ nɔdaamɔ nɔ kpakpa ko. Ni kɛlɛ, toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ ebɛŋkɛ. Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ wɔtsɔɔ wɔleɔ?
[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 4]
NUKLEA JEŊ HEWALƐI
12 ni Ekã He Eefa Lolo
NƆ NI ALE loo NƆ NI YƆƆ DIƐŊTSƐ: Belarus, Britain, China, France, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, United States
MƐI NI BAATSƆMƆ: Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, South Korea, Syria, Taiwan
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]
Nuklea hewalɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ toiŋjɔlɛ gbɛ nɔ po lɛ baanyɛ afee oshara
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Sɛɛ gbɛ: U.S. National Archives mfoniri
[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 2 lɛ Jɛ]
Hiɛ: Stockman/International Stock
[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 3 lɛ Jɛ]
U.S. National Archives mfoniri