“David We” Lɛ—Anɔkwa Sane loo Adesã?

DAVID—obalanyo tookwɛlɔ ni batsɔ saŋkutswalɔ, lalafolɔ, asraafonyo, gbalɔ, kɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ—jeɔ kpo waa yɛ Biblia lɛ mli kɛ gbɛihemɔ diɛŋtsɛ. Atsĩ egbɛi atã shii 1,138 sɔŋŋ; akɛ wiemɔ “David We”—ni bei pii lɛ ekɔɔ David maŋtsɛmɛi aweku lɛ he lɛ—tsu nii shii 25. (1 Samuel 20:16) Ani Maŋtsɛ David kɛ emaŋtsɛmɛi aweku lɛ ji adesã ko kɛkɛ? Mɛni shi ni atsaa akɛtaoɔ blema nibii lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo etsɔɔ? Abɔ amaniɛ akɛ nɔ ko ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ ni akpa shi ana nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ yɛ shitsaa hé ko ni yɔɔ Tel Dan, yɛ Galilea kooyigbɛ lɛ fiɔ anɔkwale ni David kɛ emaŋtsɛmɛi aweku lɛ ji yɛ yinɔsane mli lɛ sɛɛ.

Yɛ afi 1993 hulutsoo be mli lɛ, blema nibii ataomɔ shitsaa kuu ko, ni Nilelɔ Avraham Biran ji amɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔ lɛ saa shikpɔŋ ko ni kã blema Dan maŋ lɛ agbó lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ lɛ hiɛ kɛha amɛ shitsaa. Amɛyatsa blohu ko ni akala tɛi yɛ nɔ. Amɛjie tɛ diŋ fɛfɛo ko ni naa eje kpo kɛjɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ ni etɔɔɔ amɛ kwraa. Beni amɛkɛ tɛ lɛ tsɔɔ shwane hulu lɛ, amɛnyɛ amɛna nibii ni aŋmala yɛ nɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Nilelɔ Biran bo waa akɛ: “Oo mi-Nyɔŋmɔ, wɔnine eshɛ nɔ ko ni aŋmala nɔ!”

Amrɔ nɔŋŋ ni Nilelɔ Biran kɛ ehefatalɔ, Nilelɔ Joseph Naveh ni jɛ Hebri Univɛsiti ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ ŋmala jeŋ nilee he amaniɛbɔɔ wolo kɛkɔ tɛ lɛ nɔ niŋmaa lɛ he. Yɛ amaniɛbɔɔ nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, sane ko ni aŋma yɛ Biblical Archaeology Review wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ March/April 1994 nɔ lɛ mli lɛ kaneɔ akɛ: “Jeee be fɛɛ be blema nibii ni anaa yɛ shitsaa mli lɛ feɔ saneyitso yɛ New York Times lɛ hiɛ (ni awieee Time wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ he). Shi enɛ ji nɔ ni ba yɛ nyɛsɛɛ hulutsoo be lɛ mli, yɛ nɔ ko ni ana yɛ Tel Dan, ŋmeŋme fɛfɛo ni yɔɔ Galilea kooyigbɛ, yɛ Hermon Gɔŋ lɛ shishi, yɛ Yordan Faa lɛ nuhiŋmɛii lɛ ekome masɛi lɛ hewɔ.

“Jɛmɛ Avraham Biran kɛ eshitsalɔi akuu ni taoɔ blema nibii lɛ na tɛ ko ni aŋmala nibii ni sa kadimɔ waa yɛ nɔ, ni jɛ afii ohai nɛɛhu D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli, ni kɔɔ ‘David We’ lɛ kɛ ‘Israel Maŋtsɛ’ lɛ fɛɛ he. Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be ni ana gbɛi David lɛ yɛ Biblia lɛ sɛɛ, yɛ blema niŋmaai amli. Ákɛ, jeee ‘David’ ko pɛ he niŋmaa lɛ kɔɔ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ ekɔɔ David We lɛ, Israel maŋtsɛ kpeteŋkpele lɛ maŋtsɛmɛi awekukpaa lɛ he lɛ, ji nɔ ni sa kadimɔ waa diɛŋtsɛ.

“ ‘Israel Maŋtsɛ’ ji wiemɔ ko ni afɔɔ namɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli, titri lɛ, yɛ Maŋtsɛmɛi Awolo lɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, enɛ baanyɛ afee Biblia lɛ sɛɛ niŋmaa ni kɔɔ Israel he yɛ Sembii aniŋmaa mli ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ. Kɛ tɛ nɔ niŋmaa nɛɛ yeɔ nɔ ko he odase lɛ, belɛ etsɔɔ akɛ, Israel kɛ Yuda fɛɛ ji maŋtsɛyelii ni he hiaa yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli, ni enɛ kɛ nɔ ni Biblia mli nilelɔi ni wieɔ shiɔ anɔkwalei ni fiɔ Biblia lɛ sɛɛ lɛ kpaaa gbee kwraa.”

Adamɔɔ bɔ ni niŋmaa okadii lɛ yɔɔ, shɔ̃ɔ nii ni ana yɛ tɛi ni ekumɔ lɛ masɛi lɛ amlipɛimɔ, kɛ nibii ni aŋmala yɛ nɔ lɛ anɔ anaa be ni akɛŋmala. Gbɛ̀i sɔrɔtoi etɛ lɛ fɛɛ maa be kome too, ni ji afii ohai nɛɛhu D.Ŋ.B. lɛ nɔ mi, nɔ ko ni fe afii oha yɛ Maŋtsɛ David sɛɛ. Nilelɔi heɔ yeɔ akɛ, tɛ nɔ niŋmaa lɛ ji kunimyeli okadi ni Aramnyo ko ni ji “Israel Maŋtsɛ” kɛ “David We lɛ [nɔ Maŋtsɛ]” lɛ fɛɛ henyɛlɔ lɛ kɛma shi yɛ Dan. Arambii, ni jaa Hadad, ahum-nyɔŋmɔ ko, ni ale waa lɛ hi shi yɛ bokãgbɛ.

Ana kaimɔ tɛ nɛɛ kukuji enyɔ kroko yɛ 1994 hulutsoo be mli. Nilelɔ Biran bɔ amaniɛ akɛ: “Ana Aram nyɔŋmɔ Hadad gbɛi, kɛ agbɛnɛ sane ni kɔɔ ta ni tee nɔ yɛ Israel kɛ Arambii ateŋ lɛ he yɛ tɛi kukuji enyɔ nɛɛ anɔ.”

Ana liamɔi 13 ni aŋmala yɛ blema Hebri niŋmaai amli ni ejeee jogbaŋŋ yɛ emli nɔ ni da ni ana yɛ 1993 lɛ nɔ. No mli lɛ akɛ kpɔi ni atsurɔɔ tsuɔ nii akɛjaraa wiemɔi komekomei ni yɔɔ niŋmaai amli lɛ mli. Shi, aŋma “David We” akɛ wiemɔ kome kɛ niŋmaa okadii “bytdwd” (ni aŋma yɛ roma niŋmaa okadii amli) fe ni aaaŋma “byt” (we), koni atsu kpɔ, dani aŋma “dwd” (David) lɛ. Anuɔ sanebimɔi ni atee amɛ shi yɛ “bytdwd” shishitsɔɔmɔ he lɛ shishi.

Nilelɔ Anson Rainey ni he esa yɛ wiemɔi sɔrɔtoi ahe jogbaŋŋ lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Joseph Naveh kɛ Avraham Biran etsɔɔɔ niŋmaai lɛ amli fitsofitso, ekolɛ akɛni amɛsusu akɛ kanelɔi lɛ baale akɛ, bei pii lɛ ashiɔ wiemɔi amlijaramɔ ni yɔɔ wiemɔ komekomei sɔrɔtoi enyɔ ni aŋmala lɛ amli ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ hewɔ, titri lɛ, kɛ ale gbɛi diɛŋtsɛ ni atsaraa lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, ‘David We lɛ’ ji maŋkwramɔŋ kɛ shikpɔŋ gbɛi diɛŋtsɛ ni tamɔ nakai yɛ afii ohai nɛɛhu D.Ŋ.B. lɛ teŋgbɛ”.

Shitsaa Kɛha Blema Nibii Ataomɔ He Odaseyeli Kroko

Yɛ nɔ ni ana lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Nilelɔ André Lemaire ni le Mesha tɛ ni (atsɛɔ lɛ Moab-bii a-Tɛ hu) lɛ he nii jogbaŋŋ lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ, no hu kɔɔ “David We” lɛ he.# Mesha tɛ ni ana yɛ 1868 lɛ yɛ nibii ni je Tel Dan tɛ lɛ waa. Fɛɛ nɔ niŋmaa tsɔɔ afii ohai nɛɛhu D.Ŋ.B., nɔ kome akɛfee, amɛdaramɔ je amɛhe, ni amɛnɔ niŋmaai lɛ fɛɛ ji Sembii aniŋmaai ni je amɛhe waa.

Nilelɔ Lemaire ŋma kɛkɔ liamɔ ni fite ni afeɔ lɛ ehee yɛ Mesha tɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ he akɛ: “Mimu sane naa, nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii enyɔ dani ana Tel Dan tɛ ni ekumɔ lɛ akɛ, Mesha tɛ ni aŋmala nɔ lɛ hiɛ saji ni kɔɔ ‘David We’ lɛ he. . . . Ekolɛ yiŋtoo hewɔ ni akadiko ‘David We’ lɛ ni awie he nɛkɛ lɛ dã lɛ, baanyɛ afee nɔ ni jɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ, Mesha tɛ lɛ nako editio princeps [klɛŋklɛŋ shishitsɔɔmɔ] kpakpa dã lɛ hewɔ. No mifeɔ bianɛ, beni ana Mesha tɛ lɛ sɛɛ afii 125 lɛ.”

Anyãa shitsaa he amaniɛbɔɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ he, ejaakɛ ŋwɛibɔfo ko, Yesu diɛŋtsɛ, ekaselɔi lɛ, kɛ gbɔmɛi ye David ni ji yinɔsane mli gbɔmɔ lɛ he odase. (Mateo 1:1; 12:3; 21:9; Luka 1:32; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 2:29) Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ nibii ni ana yɛ shitsaa kɛha blema nibii ataomɔ mli lɛ kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ, lɛ kɛ emaŋtsɛmɛi awekukpaa lɛ, “David We” lɛ, ji anɔkwa sane, jeee adesã.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmaa]

Mɛi ni kaneɔ Buu Mɔɔ Asafo lɛ woji lɛ le Mesha stela lɛ. (Kwɛmɔ Buu-Mɔɔ, April 15, 1990, baafai 30-31.) Ájie lɛ kpo akɛmiitsɔɔ yɛ Louvre Museum, Paris.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 31]

Tel Dan tɛ ni ekumɔ,* ni ana yɛ 1993, yɛ Dan, ni yɔɔ Galilea kooyigbɛ lɛ

* Nitɛŋmɔ lɛ damɔ mfoniri ni je kpo yɛ Israel Exploration Journal lɛ mli lɛ nɔ.