“Maŋnyɛ Kɛ Eyitsɔi Diŋ Ni Yɔɔ Siria Shia-Ŋa Lɛ Nɔ Lɛ”

EHEWOLO nɔ dĩɔ, enyanyɔji yɛ́ɔ tamɔ adiagba, ehiŋmɛii dĩɔ ni ekpɛ́lɛɔ. Ele woloŋ jogbaŋŋ, ni ewieɔ wiemɔi babaoo. Awie yɛ maŋnyɛ ni ji tawulɔ nɛɛ he akɛ ele woloŋ waa diɛŋtsɛ fe Cleopatra ni ekolɛ ehe yɛ fɛo tamɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Akɛni ekɛ ekãa te shi ewo jeŋ hewalɛ ni yeɔ nɔ yɛ egbii lɛ amli hewɔ lɛ, etsu gbɛfaŋnɔ ko he nii yɛ Ŋmalɛ naa gbalɛ nifeemɔ ko mli. Beni egbo be kakadaŋŋ sɛɛ lɛ, niŋmalɔi jie eyi, ni nitɛŋlɔi fee ehe mfonirii ni yɔɔ fɛo jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ. Afii ohai 19 lɛ mli lalafolɔ ko wie yɛ ehe akɛ “maŋnyɛ kɛ eyitsɔi diŋ ni yɔɔ Siria shia-ŋa lɛ nɔ lɛ.” Nɛkɛ yoo ni ajieɔ eyi waa diɛŋtsɛ nɛɛ ji Zenobia—Siria maŋtiase Palmyra lɛ maŋnyɛ.

Te fee tɛŋŋ ni Zenobia batsɔ gbɔmɔ wulu lɛ? Mɛɛ maŋkwramɔŋ shihilɛ ha ebaná nɔyeli hewalɛ lɛ? Mɛni abaanyɛ awie yɛ ejeŋba he? Ni mɛɛ gbɛfaŋnɔ maŋnyɛ nɛɛ ná yɛ gbalɛ mli? Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ susumɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ ni nifeemɔ lɛ tee nɔ yɛ nɔ nɛɛ shikãmɔ he okwɛ.

Maŋtiase ni Yɔɔ Shia-ŋa ko Naabugbɛ

Zenobia maŋtiase ni ji Palmyra lɛ yɛ aaafee kilomitai 210 kɛmiiya Damascus kooyi-bokagbɛ, yɛ Siria Shia-ŋa lɛ naabugbɛ yɛ kooyi-bokagbɛ, he ni Anti-Lebanon gɔji lɛ kpelekeɔ kɛbaa jɔɔ mli lɛ. Nɛkɛ maŋtiase ni yɔɔ shia-ŋa ni tsei kwɛ̃ɔ yɛ nɔ nɛɛ kã Mediterranean Ŋshɔ lɛ anaigbɛ kɛ Eufrate Faa lɛ bokagbɛ lɛ teŋgbɛ fioo. Ekolɛ Maŋtsɛ Salomo le no akɛ Tadmor, he ko ni he hiaa kɛha emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ hilɛ-kɛhamɔ yɛ yiŋtoi enyɔ hewɔ: ákɛ asraafoi ashihilɛhe ni akɛbaafã kooyigbɛ husu lɛ he kɛ agbɛnɛ ákɛ he ko ni he hiaa ni tsaraa maji babaoo. No hewɔ lɛ, Salomo “eto Tadmor yɛ ŋa lɛ nɔ.”—2 Kronika 8:4.

Afii akpe lɛ he yinɔsane ni ba yɛ Maŋtsɛ Salomo nɔyeli lɛ sɛɛ lɛ ewieee Tadmor he. Kɛ etamɔ Palmyra yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ lɛ, belɛ hiɛ ni etee kɛtee gbɛhe wulu mli lɛ je shishi beni Siria ebatsɔ maŋ ni yɔɔ he ko shɔŋŋ ni akɛbuɔ Roma Nɔyeli lɛ he yɛ afi 64 D.Ŋ.B. Richard Stoneman wie yɛ ewolo ni ji Palmyra and Its Empire—Zenobia’s Revolt Against Rome lɛ mli akɛ: “Palmyra he hiaa Roma yɛ gbɛ̀i enyɔ nɔ, shika gbɛfaŋ kɛ tawuu gbɛfaŋ.” Akɛni maŋtiase ni tɛŋi fa yɛ jɛmɛ nɛɛ lɛ yɛ jarayeli gbɛ ni ajɛɔ Roma atsɔɔ nɔ kɛyaa Mesopotamia kɛ Bokagbɛ lɛ he hewɔ lɛ, jɛmɛ akɛ blema jarayeli nibii ni jara wawai lɛ tsɔɔ—ŋmɔshi nibii ni jɛ East Indies, sliki ni jɛ China, kɛ nibii krokomɛi ni jɛ Persia, Lower Mesopotamia, kɛ Mediterranean shikpɔji lɛ anɔ. Roma kɛ ehe fɔ̃ nibii ni eshɛɔ kɛbaa nɛɛ anɔ.

Yɛ tawuu gbɛfaŋ lɛ, Siria maŋ lɛ tsu nii akɛ he ni awuuu ta yɛ ni kã Roma nɔyeli lɛ kɛ Persia nɔyeli lɛ ni kɛ amɛhe wuɔ ta lɛ ateŋ. Eufrate faa lɛ ji nɔ ni foɔ Roma kɛ maji ni yɔɔ ebokagbɛ lɛ teŋ yɛ wɔ Ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Beaŋ klɛŋklɛŋ afii 250 lɛ mli. Palmyra kã shia-ŋa lɛ sɛɛ nɔŋŋ, yɛ Dura-Europos maŋtiase lɛ anaigbɛ yɛ Eufrate lɛ nɔ. Akɛni Roma nɔyelɔi, tamɔ Hadrian kɛ Valerian yɔse gbɛhe ni he hiaa waa ni Palmyra yɔɔ hewɔ lɛ, amɛyasara jɛmɛ. Hadrian ha bɔ ni emli tsũmaa he ŋaa lɛ yɔɔ nyam ha lɛ tee hiɛ babaoo ni ekɛ nibii babaoo diɛŋtsɛ ke. Valerian jwere Palmyranyo ni ji odehe ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ Odaenathus—Zenobia wu—yɛ enɔ ni ewo yɛ afi 258 Ŋ.B., kɛtee hegbɛ ni ji Roma maŋbii anɔkwɛlɔ lɛ nɔ, ejaakɛ ekɛ kunimyeli efã ta ewo Persia ni elɛɛ Roma Nɔyeli lɛ husu lɛ mli kɛyashɛ Mesopotamia. Zenobia tsu gbɛfaŋnɔ ko ni he hiaa he nii yɛ ewu lɛ nɔwomɔ kɛmiiya nɔyeli mli lɛ mli. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Edward Gibbon ŋma akɛ: “Atsɔɔ akɛ omanye ni Odenathus ye lɛ jɛ henɔkwɛmɔ kɛ henɔyeli ni [Zenobia] yɔɔ ni eko kɛ lɛ yeee egbɔ lɛ titri.”

Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Sapor ni jɛ Persia lɛ kpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ebaate shi ewo Roma nɔyeli ni nɔ kwɔ lɛ koni ejaje etsɔɔ faŋŋ akɛ lɛ eyeɔ Persia tsutsu maji ni etse amɛhe lɛ fɛɛ nɔ. Ekɛ asraafoi ni ewaje amɛ jogbaŋŋ nyiɛ kɛtee anaigbɛ, ni amɛkɛ Roma maji ni ji Nisibis kɛ Carrhae (Haran) ni ji asraafoi ashihilɛhei lɛ ba ekudɔmɔ shishi, ni etee koni eyakpata Siria kooyigbɛ lɛ kɛ Cilicia hiɛ. Nɔyelɔ Valerian diɛŋtsɛ banyiɛ esraafoi lɛ ahiɛ kɛte shi eshi tutualɔi lɛ, shi Persiabii lɛ ye enɔ kunim ni amɛkɛ lɛ ba amɛkudɔmɔ shishi.

Odaenathus susu akɛ, be eshɛ ni ekɛ nikeenii ni jara wa kɛ toiŋjɔlɛ he shɛɛ sane baayaha Persia maŋtsɛ lɛ. Maŋtsɛ Sapor kɛ henɔwomɔ fã koni ashɛrɛ nikeenii lɛ awo Eufrate mli ni ekɛ ekãa bi koni Odaenathus aba eŋɔɔ akɛ nyɔŋ faikpalɔ. Yɛ hetoohamɔ mli lɛ, Palmyrabii lɛ bua shia-ŋa nɔ bii ni kpaa shi lɛ kɛ Roma asraafoi ateŋ shwɛɛnii lɛ anaa ni amɛbɔi Persiabii ni gbalaa amɛhe shi agbɛnɛ lɛ tutuamɔ. Yɛ oyaiyeli he ŋaatsɔɔi ni shia-ŋa nɔ tabilɔi kɛwuu ta lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Sapor asraafoi lɛ—ni tawuu eha etɔ amɛ, ni haanii hu etsiitsii yɛ amɛnɔ hewɔ lɛ—nyɛɛɛ amɛhe amɛfã tsɔ̃, ni anyɛ amɛnɔ koni amɛjo foi.

Akɛni Valerian binuu kɛ sɛɛyelɔ Gallienus yɔse Sapor nɔ kunim ni Odaenathus ye hewɔ lɛ, eha lɛ sabla ni ji corrector totius Orientis (Bokagbɛ lɛ fɛɛ amralo). Etsɛɛɛ ni Odaenathus kɛ sabla ni ji “maŋtsɛmɛi amaŋtsɛ” ha ehe.

Zenobia Miitao Koni Eto Maŋtsɛyeli ko Shishi

Beni Odaenathus nitsumɔ lɛ shɛ he ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ afi 267 Ŋ.B. lɛ, agbe lɛ kɛ egboshiniyelɔ lɛ trukaa, ni mɔ ni asusuɔ akɛ lɛ efee ji ewɔfase nuu ni oweletɔɔ eyi emli obɔ lɛ. Zenobia tsa ewu lɛ hegbɛ nitsumɔ nɔ, akɛni no mli lɛ ebinuu lɛ edako kwraa hewɔ. Akɛni ehe yɛ fɛo, ni ekɛ oti ko ema ehiɛ, ni ele gbɛjianɔtoo, ni tsutsu lɛ, efɔɔ ewu ni egbo lɛ hefatamɔ yɛ tafaa nitsumɔi amli, ni enaa tse yɛ wiemɔi srɔtoi babaoo mli hewɔ lɛ, ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ená bulɛ kɛ sɛɛfimɔ kɛjɛ eshishibii lɛ adɛŋ—ejeee nifeemɔ bibioo kwraa yɛ Bedouinbii lɛ ateŋ. Zenobia sumɔɔ nikasemɔ waa ni ekɛ woloŋlelɔi bɔɔ waa diɛŋtsɛ. Eŋaawolɔi lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome ji Cassius Longinus ni ji jeŋ nilelɔ kɛ mɔ ni naa tse waa kɛ wiemɔ lɛ—awie yɛ ehe akɛ ebatsɔ “wojiatoohe ni yɔɔ daa kɛ nilee nitoohe.” Niŋmalɔ Stoneman tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Yɛ Odenathus gbele sɛɛ afii enumɔ mli lɛ . . . no mli lɛ Zenobia ená nɔkpɛlɛmɔ yɛ ewebii lɛ ajwɛŋmɔ mli akɛ Bokagbɛ maŋnyɛ lɛ.”

Maŋ ni yɔɔ Zenobia nɔyeli shikpɔŋ lɛ afagbɛ ji Persia, he ni lɛ kɛ ewu lɛ eye nɔ kunim lɛ, ni Roma ni ehewalɛ naa baa shi lɛ yɛ afagbɛ kroko. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ J. M. Roberts wie bɔ ni shihilɛi lɛ yɔɔ ha yɛ nakai beaŋ Roma Nɔyeli lɛ mli lɛ akɛ: “Afii ohai etɛ lɛ ji . . . be ko ni mli wa waa kɛha Roma yɛ ebokagbɛ kɛ anaigbɛ husui lɛ fɛɛ naa, ni yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, maŋ ta be hee ko, kɛ béi ni tsara nɔ je shishi yɛ Roma maŋ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ mli. Nɔyelɔi nyɔŋmai enyɔ (ní mɛi ni kɛɔ akɛ nɔyelɔi ji amɛ lɛ fataaa he lɛ) eba ni amɛtee.” Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, Siria maŋnyɛ lɛ ji nɔyelɔ kpanaa ni emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ ma shi jogbaŋŋ. Stoneman kɛɛ akɛ: “Beni efeɔ koni eha nɔyelii enyɔ [Persia nɔ̃ kɛ Roma nɔ̃] aŋmɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ lɛ, ebaanyɛ efee koni eto nɔ ni ji etɛ ni baaye enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ nɔ lɛ shishi.”

Hegbɛ ni Zenobia ná ni ekɛaalɛɛ emaŋtsɛyeli hewalɛi lɛ amli lɛ ba yɛ afi 269 Ŋ.B., beni mɔ ko ni kɛɔ akɛ nɔyelɔ ji lɛ lɛ, ni teɔ shi ewoɔ Roma nɔyeli lɛ je kpo yɛ Egypt lɛ. Zenobia asraafoi lɛ tee Egypt oyayaayai, ni amɛkpata atuatselɔ lɛ hiɛ, ni amɛŋɔ maŋ lɛ. Beni ejajeɔ etsɔɔ akɛ lɛ ji Egypt maŋnyɛ lɛ, efee shikai yɛ egbɛi amli. Amrɔ nɛɛ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ jɛɔ Nilo faa lɛ naa kɛyaa Eufrate faa lɛ naa. Yɛ eshihilɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ, ebaná hegbɛ ni ji “wuoyigbɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ” ni awie ehe yɛ Biblia gbalɛ ni ji Daniel lɛ mli lɛ, akɛni no mli lɛ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ ye Daniel maŋ lɛŋ wuoyigbɛ akutso lɛ nɔ lɛ hewɔ. (Daniel 11:25, 26) Eye Asia Bibioo lɛ hei babaoo nɔ kunim hu.

Zenobia waje emaŋtiase Palmyra ni ewula lɛ fɛfɛo kɛyashɛ he ni kɛ Roma je lɛ maji wuji lɛ aaaye egbɔ. Akɔntaabuu tsɔɔ akɛ mɛi ni fa fe 150,000 yɔɔ mli. Maŋ tsũi, sɔlemɔwei, abɔɔi, akulashiŋi, kɛ sãii fɛfɛji eyi maŋtiase lɛ obɔ ni akɛɛ gbogboi ni akɛfo he kutruku lɛ liamɔ lɛ kɛlɛ ji kilomitai 21. Ato Korinto akulashiŋi ni kwɔlɔ fe mitai 15 lɛ anaa kuikui—aaafee ekomekomei 1,500—ni ato naa yɛ gbɛjegbɛ wulu lɛ nɔ. Tatsɛmɛi kɛ niiatsɛmɛi ni keɔ nii lɛ ahe amagai emuji kɛ amɛyitsei kɛyashi amɛtsitsii ahe amagai fa babaoo yɛ maŋtiase lɛ mli. Yɛ afi 271 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Zenobia shɔ̃ amagai enyɔ ni kɔɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe kɛ ewu ni eje mli lɛ he. Yɛ shia-ŋa lɛ naabugbɛ lɛ, Palmyra kpɛ́lɛɔ tamɔ jwine.

Hulu lɛ Sɔlemɔwe lɛ ji tsũi ni yɔɔ fɛo fe fɛɛ yɛ Palmyra lɛ ateŋ ekome ni ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ eye jamɔŋ nifeemɔi ni yɔɔ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ nɔ. Ekolɛ, Zenobia hu já nyɔŋmɔ ko ni fata hulu nyɔŋmɔ lɛ he. Shi kɛlɛ, Siria ni yɔɔ yɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ, ji shikpɔŋ ko ni jamɔi babaoo yɔɔ nɔ. Mɛi ni yɔɔ Zenobia nɔyeli lɛ mli ji mɛi ni kɛɛ Kristofoi ji amɛ, Yudafoi, ŋulamiiaŋkwɛlɔi, kɛ hulu kɛ nyɔŋtsere lɛ jálɔi. Te efee enii eha tɛŋŋ yɛ gbɛi srɔtoi ni atsɔɔ nɔ akɛ jamɔ haa yɛ enɔyeli lɛ mli lɛ mli? Niŋmalɔ Stoneman wie akɛ: “Nɔyelɔ ni le nii lɛ ekuŋ ehiɛ eshwieŋ kusumii fɛɛ ni tamɔ nɔ ni hi kɛha ewebii lɛ nɔ. . . . Yɛ nyɔŋmɔi lɛ agbɛfaŋ lɛ, . . . hiɛnɔkamɔ yɛ akɛ, afee amɛ fɛɛ ekome yɛ Palmyra masɛi.” Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, Zenobia ŋmɛɛɔ saji ahe yɛ jamɔ gbɛfaŋ. Shi ani “afee” nyɔŋmɔi lɛ “fɛɛ ekome yɛ Palmyra masɛi” lɛɛlɛŋ? Mɛni etsɛŋ ni baaba aha Palmyra kɛ ‘enɔyelɔ nilelɔ’ lɛ?

Nɔyelɔ ko ‘Wó Etsui nɔ’ Eshi Zenobia

Yɛ afi 270 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Aurelian batsɔ Roma nɔyelɔ. Esraafoi akui lɛ kɛ omanyeyeli wo kosɛɛbii ni yɔɔ kooyigbɛ lɛ foi ni amɛgbala amɛtoi. Yɛ afi 271 Ŋ.B. lɛ—ni amrɔ nɛɛ edamɔ shi kɛha Daniel gbalɛ lɛ mli “kooyigbɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ”—Aurelian ‘wó ehewalɛ kɛ etsui nɔ eshi wuoyigbɛ maŋtsɛ,’ ni Zenobia damɔ shi kɛha lɛ lɛ. (Daniel 11:25a) Aurelian tsu esraafoi lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi tɛ̃ɛ kɛtee Egypt ni enyiɛ esraafoi akuu wulu lɛ hiɛ kɛtsɔ Asia Bibioo lɛ kɛtee bokagbɛ lɛ.

Wuoyigbɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ—nɔyeli kroko ni Zenobia nyiɛ hiɛ lɛ—‘kanya ehe’ kɛha ta kɛte shi eshi Aurelian “kɛ ta babaoo ni he wa naakpa diɛŋtsɛ” yɛ etatsɛmɛi enyɔ ni ji Zabdas kɛ Zabbai shishi. (Daniel 11:25b) Shi Aurelian yaŋɔ Egypt, kɛkɛ ni amɛfã gbɛ kɛtee Asia Bibioo kɛ Siria. Aye Zenobia nɔ kunim yɛ Emesa (amrɔ nɛɛ Homs), ni egbala ehe shi kɛtee Palmyra.

Beni Aurelian yawo Palmyra he ka lɛ, akɛni Zenobia hiɛ kã nɔ akɛ ebaaná yelikɛbuamɔ hewɔ lɛ, ekɛ ebinuu lɛ jo foi kɛtee Persia gbɛ, kɛkɛ ni Romabii lɛ yaŋɔ amɛ yɛ Eufrate Faa lɛ naa. Palmyrabii lɛ ŋmɛɛ amɛmaŋ lɛ he amɛha yɛ afi 272 Ŋ.B. Aurelian kɛ maŋ lɛ mli bii ye yɛ ekãa naa, ni eloo nibii babaoo diɛŋtsɛ, ni nɔ ni fata he ji amaga ni yɔɔ Hulu lɛ Sɔlemɔwe lɛ mli lɛ, ni eshi kɛtee Roma. Roma nɔyelɔ lɛ egbeee Zenobia, ni ekɛ lɛ kpa Roma fɛɛ, ni ekɛtsɔɔ miishɛɛ ni eyɔɔ yɛ kunim ni eye lɛ mli yɛ afi 274 Ŋ.B. lɛ. Eye ewala shihilɛ mli be ni eshwɛ lɛ akɛ Roma yoo nukpa.

Akpata Shia-ŋa nɔ Maŋtiase lɛ Hiɛ

Beni Aurelian eŋɔ Palmyra yɛ nyɔji komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, Palmyrabii lɛ gbe Roma asraafoi ni eshi yɛ sɛɛ lɛ. Beni Aurelian nu atuatsemɔ nɛɛ he sane lɛ, amrɔ nɔŋŋ ni efã esraafoi lɛ koni amɛyatao amɛsɛɛgbɛ ekoŋŋ, ni yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ amɛkɛ oweletɔɔ ni yɔɔ gbeyei ba maŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ nɔ. Anyiɛ mɛi ni jo gbɔmɔgbee ni mɔbɔnalɛ bɛ mli lɛ naa foi lɛ ahiɛ kɛtee nyɔŋyeli mli. Ahà maŋtiase ni wóɔ ehe nɔ lɛ nibii ni akpata hiɛ bɔ ni anyɛŋ asaa. No hewɔ lɛ maŋtiase ni nifeemɔ yaa nɔ hoo yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ batsɔ tamɔ bɔ ni eyɔɔ tsutsu lɛ—“Tadmor yɛ ŋa lɛ nɔ.”

Beni Zenobia kɛ ekãa damɔ shi eshi Roma lɛ, lɛ kɛ Nɔyelɔ Aurelian tsu amɛnitsumɔ akɛ “wuoyigbɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ” kɛ “kooyigbɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ” he nii ní amɛleee, ni amɛkɛha gbalɛ ni Yehowa gbalɔ lɛ ŋma fitsofitso kwraa aaafee afii 800 ni eho nɛ lɛ fã ko ba mli. (Daniel, yitso 11) Akɛni Zenobia he yɛ fɛo hewɔ lɛ, mɛi babaoo sumɔɔ esane. Shi kɛlɛ, nɔ ni sa kadimɔ fe fɛɛ ji nitsumɔ ni etsu akɛ mɔ ni damɔ shi kɛha maŋkwramɔŋ kuu ko ni agba afɔ̃ shi yɛ Daniel gbalɛ lɛ mli lɛ. Enɔyeli lɛ ehiii shi fe afii enumɔ. Ŋmɛnɛ, Palmyra ni ji Zenobia maŋtsɛyeli lɛ maŋtiase lɛ, jeee nɔ ko nɔ ko akɛ ja akrowa. Roma Nɔyeli kpeteŋkpele lɛ po hiɛnyam etã kwraa kɛjɛ no beaŋ kɛbaa ni eŋmɛɛ ehe eha ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ maŋtsɛyelii. Mɛni baafee nɔyeli hewalɛi nɛɛ awɔsɛɛ shihilɛ? Biblia mli gbalɛ ni baaba mli kɛ̃ lɛ baatsɔɔ nɔ ni baaba amɛ hu amɛnɔ.—Daniel 2:44.

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Gboshinii Ni Zenobia Ná

Beni Nɔyelɔ Aurelian ní eyaye Zenobia, Palmyra maŋnyɛ lɛ nɔ kunim lɛ ku esɛɛ kɛtee Roma lɛ, ema sɔlemɔwe eha hulu lɛ. Ekɛ hulu-nyɔŋmɔ lɛ he amagai ni ekɛjɛ emaŋtiase lɛ mli kɛba lɛ bawo mli. Beni wolo tɛtrɛɛ History Today wieɔ yɛ nifeemɔi ni tee nɔ lɛ he lolo lɛ, ekɛɛ: “Ekolɛ Aurelian nifeemɔi lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni miiya nɔ kɛjɛ jeeŋmɔ beebe fe fɛɛ eko ji daa afi hulu lɛ he gbijurɔyeli ni eto shishi yɛ AD 274, ni ji December gbi ni ji 25 ni baa yɛ gbo be mli beni hulu lɛ eyashɛ kooyigbɛ shɔŋŋ lɛ. Beni nɔyeli lɛ batsɔ Kristofoi anɔ̃ lɛ, akɛ Kristo fɔmɔgbi lɛ yawo nɛkɛ gbi nɛɛ nɔ koni eha mɛi ni náa blema gbijurɔyelii nɛɛ amli ŋɔɔmɔ lɛ akpɛlɛ jamɔ hee nɛɛ nɔ babaoo. Eji susumɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ akɛ yɛ naagbee lɛ Nɔyelɔ Zenobia hewɔ ni . . . [gbɔmɛi] yeɔ wɔ Blonya lɛ.”

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28, 29]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

MEDITERRANEAN ŊSHƆ

SIRIA

Antioch

Emesa (Homs)

PALMYRA

Damascus

MESOPOTAMIA

Eufrate

Carrhae (Haran)

Nisibis

Dura-Europos

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Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri: Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

Akulashiŋ: Michael Nicholson/Corbis

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Roma shika ni ekolɛ efeɔ Aurelian he mfoniri

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Hulu lɛ sɔlemɔtsu ni yɔɔ Palmyra

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The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck

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Maŋnyɛ Zenobia ni kɛ esraafoi lɛ miiwie

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Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Maŋnyɛ Zenobia ni Kɛ Esraafoi lɛ Miiwie, Samuel H. Kress Collection, Photograph © Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28 lɛ Jɛ]

Emli sane fitsofitso: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Maŋnyɛ Zenobia ni Kɛ Esraafoi lɛ Miiwie, Samuel H. Kress Collection, Photograph © Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington