Hela Jeŋ Nilee Ani Eha Kristojamɔ Tee Hiɛ?
“Eyɛ mli akɛ Kristojamɔ te shi ewo Helabii awɔŋjamɔ kɛ Roma kusum nifeemɔi moŋ, shi yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, amɛ jeŋ nilee lɛ he saji ná amɛnɔ hewalɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ.”—The Encyclopedia Americana.[1]
YƐ MƐI ni ná hewalɛ diɛŋtsɛ yɛ “Kristofoi” asusumɔ nɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ, “Hetselɔ” Augustine ná gbɛhe ko ni nɔ kwɔ waa diɛŋtsɛ. Taakɛ The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, “jwɛŋmɔ” ni Augustine “hiɛ ni tsakeɔ mɔ waa lɛ mli ajɛ akɛ Plato Helabii ajeŋ nilee kusum nifeemɔi futu Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ; ni no he ejɛ ni afutu nibii amli, ni ebote Kristendom jamɔi ni hi shi yɛ Roma Katolik teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli kɛ Protestantbii lɛ a-Tsakemɔ Kɛha Ekpakpa lɛ mli lɛ.”
Lɛɛlɛŋ, Augustine gboshinii lɛ hi shi be saŋŋ. Beni Douglas T. Holden tsɔɔ bɔ ni Hela jeŋ nilee ená Kristendom nɔ hewalɛ eha lɛ mli lɛ, ekɛɛ akɛ: “Akɛ Hela jeŋ nilee efutu Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔi aahu akɛ, eha atsɔse gbɔmɛi kɛwo shihilɛi srɔtoi enyɔ mli, ni yɛ enɛ mli lɛ, kɛ aja mli lɛ mɛi aaashɛ nɛɛhu náa Hela nilee, ni mɔ kome náa Kristofoi anilee.”
Nilelɔi komɛi heɔ amɛyeɔ waa akɛ, nakai jeŋ nilee susumɔi lɛ ha Kristojamɔ shwere yɛ eshishijee mli, eha etee hiɛ yɛ enitsɔɔmɔ mli, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, eha ebafee nɔ ni kɔneɔ mɔ yiŋ babaoo. Ani nakai ji sane lɛ? Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ, ni mɛɛ be Hela jeŋ nilee tsɔ eje shishi? Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, ani eha Kristojamɔ etee hiɛ aloo efite lɛ moŋ?
Mɔ leɔ nii waa kɛji etao nii srɔtoi ni tee nɔ kɛjɛ afii ohai etɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli kɛyashi afii ohai enumɔ Ŋ.B. lɛ mli, kɛtsɔ niiamlitaomɔ yɛ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi ejwɛ nɔ: (1) “Hela Yuda Jamɔ,” (2) “Hela Nifeemɔ yɛ Kristojamɔ Mli,” (3) “Hela Kristojamɔ,” kɛ (4) “Kristofoi ajeŋ nilee.”
“Hela Yuda Jamɔ”
Klɛŋklɛŋ “Hela Yuda Jamɔ” lɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ amɛhe kpãaa gbee kwraa. Klɛŋklɛŋ Hebribii ajamɔ ni Yehowa, anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ to shishi lɛ jeee nɔ ni esa akɛ akɛ apasa jamɔŋ susumɔi afutu mli. (5 Mose 13:1Ga Bible; Abɛi 30:5, 6) Shi kɛjɛ shishijee tɔ̃ɔ ajɛ ni abɔi jamɔ krɔŋŋ fitemɔ kɛtsɔ apasa jamɔ mli nifeemɔi kɛ jwɛŋmɔi ni bɔle he—tamɔ hewalɛ ni Mizraimbii, Kaananbii, kɛ Babilonbii ná yɛ amɛnɔ lɛ nɛkɛ. Dɔlɛ sane ji akɛ, Israel ŋmɛ gbɛ ni afite enɔkwa jamɔ lɛ kwraa.—Kojolɔi 2:11-13.
Yɛ afii ohai komɛi asɛɛ, beni blema Palestina batsɔ Hela Nɔyeli lɛ fã yɛ Alexander Kpeteŋkpele lɛ shishi yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ nɛkɛ fitemɔ nɛɛ ebote mli vii ni ehi shi aahu kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ. Alexander he Yudafoi ewo esraafoi lɛ amli. Wekukpaa ni bakã Yudafoi lɛ kɛ mɛi heei ni eye amɛnɔ kunim lɛ ateŋ lɛ, ná Yudafoi ajamɔ mli susumɔi anɔ hewalɛ waa. Helabii asusumɔi gbu shi kɛbote Yudafoi awolo kasemɔ mli. Akɛ woo haa Osɔfo Nukpa Jason akɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni to Hela nikasemɔ skul shishi yɛ Yerusalem yɛ afi 175 D.Ŋ.B., ni ekɛha Homer he nikasemɔ ashwere.
Miishɛɛ sane ji akɛ, Samarianyo ko ni ŋma wolo yɛ afii ohai enyɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ tao gbɛ ni eeetsɔ nɔ eŋmala Biblia yinɔsane lɛ taakɛ bɔ ni aŋmalaa Helabii ayinɔsane lɛ. Yudafoi lɛ awoji ni haa mɔ yiŋ feɔ lɛ kɔshikɔshi, tamɔ Judith kɛ Tobit woji lɛ wieɔ Helabii ni ale amɛ waa lɛ ahe. Yudafoi jeŋ nilelɔi babaoo te shi, ni amɛka akɛ amɛkɛ Hela susumɔi aaaye Yudafoi ajamɔ lɛ kɛ Biblia lɛ najiaŋ.
Philo ni ji Yudanyo ni hi shi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afi oha lɛ mli yɛ Ŋ.B. lɛ ji mɔ ni kɛ nifeemɔ nɛɛ ba. Lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eŋɔ hegbɛ lɛ ni ekɛ Plato (ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ D.Ŋ.B.), Pythagoras sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ, kɛ Stoa jeŋ nilelɔi lɛ atsɔɔmɔi lɛ tsu nii. Philo susumɔi lɛ ná Yudafoi lɛ anɔ hewalɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ. Beni Yudanyo woloŋmalɔ Max Dimont muɔ sane nɛɛ ni kɔɔ Helabii asusumɔi ni agbu shi akɛwo Yudafoi lɛ anifeemɔi amli lɛ naa lɛ ekɛɛ akɛ: “Akɛni Yuda woloŋlelɔi lɛ ele Plato susumɔi, Aristotle nilee, kɛ Euclid jeŋ nilee lɛ babaoo hewɔ lɛ, Juda woloŋlelɔi lɛ kɛ nibii heei kwraa wo Torah lɛ mli. . . . Amɛkɛ Helabii asusumɔi bɔi Yudafoi lɛ anɔ lɛ he fatamɔ.”
Yɛ be ko sɛɛ lɛ, Romabii lɛ baŋɔ Hela Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ, ni amɛŋɔ Yerusalem. Enɛ gbele gbɛ ni akɛfee tsakemɔi ni sa kadimɔ babaoo. Beni afi ohai etɛ Ŋ.B. lɛ baa enaagbee lɛ, no mli lɛ nilelɔi ni bɔɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛfee Plato susumɔi srɔtoi ni kɛ amɛhe kpãaa gbee lɛ ekome lɛ kɛ amɛjeŋ nilee kɛ jamɔŋ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ kɔ gbɛ ko ni ale lɛ ŋmɛnɛ akɛ Plato tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee. Nɛkɛ nilelɔi askul nɛɛ ná Kristojamɔ nɔ hewalɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ.
“Hela Nifeemɔ yɛ Kristojamɔ Mli”
Yɛ wɔŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai enumɔ lɛ mli lɛ, nilelɔi komɛi bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛtsɔɔ wekukpaa ni kã Hela jeŋ nilee kɛ anɔkwale ni Nyɔŋmɔ ejie lɛ kpo etsɔɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ mli amɛtsɔɔ. Wolo ni ji A History of Christianity lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Kristofoi ni ji jeŋ nilelɔi ni susuɔ jeŋ nibii ahe mlai ahe nilee lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ afii nyɔŋmai lɛ amli akɛ, Helabii damɔ Kristo hiɛ akɛ hii kãkãlɔi ni miiwuu, shi Nyɔŋmɔ he nilee ko kudɔɔɔ amɛ, ni kɛ wɔɔkɛɛ lɛ, amɛbɔɔ mɔdɛŋ amɛŋɔɔ Yesu akɛ eji mɔ ko ni jɛ Ateenebii anilee ni shishinumɔ bɛ mli lɛ mli eba koni ebaje Kristojamɔ shishi.”
Plotinus (205-270 Ŋ.B.), ni ji nɛkɛ tsɔɔlɔi nɛɛ asɛɛyelɔ lɛ je gbɛjianɔtoo ko ni damɔ Plato tsɔɔmɔi anɔ titri lɛ shishi. Plotinus ji mɔ ni kɛ susumɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ susuma lɛ tseɔ ehe kɛjɛɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ ba. Nilelɔ E. W. Hopkins wie yɛ Plotinus he akɛ: “Etsɔɔmɔ lɛ . . . ná Kristofoi ahiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ asusumɔ nɔ hewalɛ bɔ ni sa.”
“Hela Kristojamɔ” kɛ “Kristofoi Ajeŋ Nilee”
Kɛjɛ afii ohai enyɔ Ŋ.B. lɛ mli kɛbaa lɛ, “Kristofoi” lɛ tswa amɛfai shi akɛ amɛnine aaashɛ nilelɔi ni ji wɔŋjalɔi lɛ anɔ. Yɛ kɔkɔbɔɔ ni bɔfo Paulo kɛha yɛ faŋŋ mli akɛ ‘akwa yakayaka sanegbaa ni buleɔ mɔ’ kɛ “ŋwanejee wiemɔ ni jɛ apasa nilee mli lɛ” fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, nakai tsɔɔlɔi lɛ kɛ Helabii ni yɔɔ heni amɛyɔɔ lɛ ajeŋ nilee mli saji futu amɛtsɔɔmɔi lɛ. (1 Timoteo 6:20) Philo nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni abaanyɛ akɛ Plato susumɔi aye Biblia lɛ najiaŋ.—Okɛto 2 Petro 1:16 he.
Nɔ̃ titri ni afite ji Biblia mli anɔkwalei lɛ. “Kristofoi” tsɔɔlɔi lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ amɛtsɔɔ akɛ Kristojamɔ kɛ Hela Roma nifeemɔi kpãa gbee. Clement ni jɛ Alexandria kɛ Origen (ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ kɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli Ŋ.B.) lɛ ha Plato tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee batsɔ shishitoo nɔ̃ kɛha nɔ ni abale ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ “Kristofoi ajeŋ nilee” lɛ. Ambrose (339-397 Ŋ.B.), ni ji Milan osɔfonukpa lɛ “kase Helabii ahe nii, Kristofoi kɛ wɔŋjalɔi fɛɛ ahe nibii heei ni yɔɔ lɛ—titri lɛ nitsumɔi . . . Plotinus nilee, ni ji Plato wɔŋjalɔi atsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee lɛ.” Ebɔ mɔdɛŋ koni ekɛ Kristojamɔ he woji atsɔɔ Romabii lɛ anii. Augustine hu nyiɛ enɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ sɛɛ.
Afii ohai komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, Dionysius, Areopagonyo lɛ, (ni atsɛɔ lɛ hu akɛ Dionysius tsɔɔmɔ ni je ehe) ni ekolɛ eji Syrianyo mɔ kome shihilɔ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni efee Plato jeŋ nilee tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee lɛ kɛ “Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔi” lɛ ekome. Taakɛ ɛnsaiklopidia ko tsɔɔ mli lɛ, “woji ni eŋmala lɛ to Plato tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee ko ni baahi shi daa yɛ Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔi kɛ amɛmumɔŋ shidaamɔ mli lɛ ema shi yɛ teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli . . . ni no kɛ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi ni hiɛ jamɔ kɛ hetuu-kɛ-hamɔ sui ni yɔɔ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ ba.” Kwɛ bɔ ni átswa kɔkɔbɔɔ ni bɔfo Paulo kɛha akɛ atsi he kɛjɛ “jeŋ nilee kɛ gbɔmɛi ablemasaji” ahe lɛ afɔ̃ afã kwraa!—Kolosebii 2:8.
Nifitemɔ Nii
Akadi akɛ, “Kristofoi ni ekase Plato he nii lɛ kɛ woo haaa nibii ni Nyɔŋmɔ ejie kpo etsɔɔ adesai lɛ, shi amɛsusu akɛ Plato jeŋ nilee lɛ ji nɔ ni hi fe fɛɛ ni amɛbaanyɛ amɛtsɔ nɔ koni amɛnu tsɔɔmɔi ni yɔɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli nifeemɔi ashishi, ni agbɛnɛ hu amɛbu he.”
Plato diɛŋtsɛ heɔ eyeɔ akɛ, susuma ni gbooo ko yɛ. Nɔ ni sa kadimɔ waa ji akɛ, apasa tsɔɔmɔi ni gbu shi kɛbote “Kristofoi” atsɔɔmɔi lɛ amli lɛ ateŋ ekome ji susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ. Anyɛŋ akɛɛ akɛ, nakai tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ni akpɛlɛ nɔ lɛ ha Kristojamɔ sa gbɔmɛi babaoo ahiɛ. Bɔfo Paulo kɛ Plato tsɔɔmɔi lɛ tsuuu nii yɛ enitsɔɔmɔ mli beni eyɔɔ Ateene ni ji he ni Helabii akusum nifeemɔi ehe shi waa yɛ lɛ. Yɛ no najiaŋ lɛ, etsɔɔ gbɔmɛi lɛ Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ gbohiiashitee lɛ he, eyɛ mli akɛ ewa kɛha Helabii babaoo ni boɔ lɛ toi lɛ akɛ amɛaakpɛlɛ nɔ.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 17:22-32.
Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ Helabii ajeŋ nilee lɛ, Ŋmalɛi lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ faŋŋ amli akɛ, susuma lɛ jeee nɔ ko ni gbɔmɔ yɔɔ shi moŋ no ji gbɔmɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ. (1 Mose 2:7) Kɛ́ mɔ ko gbo lɛ susuma lɛ ehiii shi dɔŋŋ. (Ezekiel 18:4) Jajelɔ 9:5 lɛ kɛɔ wɔ akɛ: “Hiɛkalɔi le akɛ amɛbaagboi; shi gbohii lɛ, amɛleee nɔ ko nɔ ko, ni amɛbɛ nyɔmɔwoo ko dɔŋŋ; ejaakɛ hiɛ eje amɛkaimɔ nɔ.” Átsɔɔɔ susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ yɛ Biblia lɛ mli.
Apasa tsɔɔmɔ kroko ji nɔ ni kɔɔ hegbɛ ni Yesu yɔɔ yɛ eshihilɛ mli dani ebatsɔ gbɔmɔ lɛ he, ahiɛ jwɛŋmɔ akɛ ekɛ e-Tsɛ lɛ yeɔ egbɔ. The Church of the First Three Centuries wolo lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ: “Jeee Yudafoi lɛ kɛ Kristofoi lɛ a-Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli . . . Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ je shishi kɛjɛ kwraa.” Nɛgbɛ eje shishi kɛjɛ mɔ? Tsɔɔmɔ lɛ “tee hiɛ, ni afee no kɛ Kristojamɔ ekome kɛtsɔ Plato Tsɛmɛi lɛ anɔ.”
Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, beni be shwieɔ mli ni Plato tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee lɛ baná Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli Tsɛmɛi lɛ anɔ hewalɛ waa lɛ, Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ bahe shi waa. Etamɔ nɔ ni Plato jeŋ nilee tsɔɔmɔi ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli lɛ ha anyɛ afee nibii ni anyɛŋ afee amɛ ekome lɛ ekome—afee mɛi etɛ ni yɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ mli lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome. Yɛ jeŋ nilee susumɔ naa lɛ, amɛtsɔɔ akɛ mɛi etɛ baanyɛ afee ekome yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome mli, shi yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, amɛji mɛi srɔtoi!
Kɛlɛ, anɔkwale ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, Yehowa pɛ ji Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe, Yesu Kristo ji E-Bi ni kɛ lɛ yeee egbɔ ní ebɔ, ni mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ji E-nifeemɔ hewalɛ. (5 Mose 6:4; Yesaia 45:5; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 2:4; Kolosebii 1:15; Kpojiemɔ 3:14) Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ejieee bulɛ kpo ehaaa anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ koome lɛ, ni ehaa mɛi ayiŋ futuɔ amɛ, ni etsiɔ mɛi kɛjɛɔ Nyɔŋmɔ ko ni amɛleee lɛ lɛ he.
Plato tsɔɔmɔ ni afee lɛ ehee kroko ni ná Kristofoi lɛ asusumɔ nɔ hewalɛ ji afii akpe nɔyeli he hiɛnɔkamɔ ni awie he yɛ Ŋmalɛ lɛ mli lɛ. (Kpojiemɔ 20:4-6) Ale Origen akɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni gu afii akpe nɔyeli sane lɛ. Mɛni hewɔ ekɛ hiɛdɔɔ teɔ shi ewoɔ tsɔɔmɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli ni kɔɔ Kristo afii akpe nɔyeli lɛ he lɛ? The Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ ha hetoo akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ [Origen] ná etsɔɔmɔi lɛ kɛjɛ Plato tsɔɔmɔi ni afee lɛ ehee lɛ amli moŋ . . . , shi enyɛɛɛ ekɛ mɛi ni heɔ afii akpe nɔyeli lɛ amɛyeɔ lɛ afee ekome.”
Anɔkwale Lɛ
Nii ni atsĩtsii tã yɛ yiteŋgbɛ lɛ, kɔɔɔ anɔkwale lɛ he kwraa. Nɛkɛ anɔkwalei nɛɛ ji nɔ ni kɔɔ Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔi fɛɛ ni anaa yɛ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ he. (2 Korintobii 4:2; Tito 1:1, 14; 2 Yohane 1-4) Biblia lɛ pɛ ji nɔ̃ kome kɛ anɔkwale koome pɛ lɛ jɛɛhe.—Yohane 17:17; 2 Timoteo 3:16.
Shi kɛlɛ, Yehowa, anɔkwale lɛ, adesai, kɛ naanɔ wala henyɛlɔ—Satan Abonsam, “gbɔmɔgbelɔ” kɛ “malemɔtsɛ” lɛ—etsɔ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi anɔ koni efutu anɔkwale lɛ. (Yohane 8:44; okɛto 2 Korintobii 11:3 he.) Nii ni ná mɔ ko nɔ hewalɛ waa ni ekɛtsu nii lɛ ateŋ ekome ji Hela wɔŋjalɔi ajeŋ nilee lɛ—ni yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, ekɛjie lɛ diɛŋtsɛ esusumɔ kpo etsɔɔ—ni ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ekɛfite bɔ ni Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli nibii ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ.
Nɛkɛ Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔ kɛ Helabii ajeŋ nilee ni esaaa akɛ afeɔ amɛ ekome shi afee kɛ̃ lɛ ji mɔdɛŋ ni abɔɔ koni ajie Biblia mli anɔkwalei lɛ kɛya, ni ekaná gbɔmɛi ni hiɛ tsui kpakpa ni taoɔ ale anɔkwale lɛ anɔ hewalɛ, ni esa amɛhiɛ hu lɛ. (1 Korintobii 3:1, 2, 19, 20) Agbɛnɛ hu etaoɔ ni efite bɔ ni Biblia tsɔɔmɔ lɛ yɔɔ faŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, ni ehaaa ana anɔkwale lɛ kɛ amale jogbaŋŋ.
Ŋmɛnɛ, kɛtsɔ Yesu Kristo, mɔ ni ji asafo lɛ Yitso lɛ nɔ lɛ, ásaa ato Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔ lɛ ama shi ekoŋŋ. Agbɛnɛ hu, gbɔmɛi ni hiɛ tsui krɔŋŋ ni taoɔ akɛ amɛle anɔkwale lɛ baanyɛ ayɔse Kristofoi anɔkwa asafo lɛ ni etɔɔɔ amɛ kwraa kɛtsɔ amɛyibii lɛ ayɔsemɔ nɔ. (Mateo 7:16, 20) Yehowa Odasefoi miisumɔ ni amɛye amɛbua gbɔmɛi ni tamɔ nakai koni amɛná anɔkwale lɛ nui ni afutuko mli lɛ, ni amɛfee klalo akɛ amɛaaye amɛbua amɛ koni amɛhiɛ gboshinii ni ji naanɔ wala ni Yehowa, wɔ-Tsɛ lɛ kɛha lɛ mli kpɛŋŋ.—Yohane 4:14; 1 Timoteo 6:19.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 11]
Augustine
[Hei ni Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 10 lɛ Jɛ]
Hela niŋmaa: Ni jɛ Ancient Greek Writers wolo lɛ mli lɛ: Plato’s Phaedo, 1957, Ioannis N. Zacharopoulos, Athens; Plato: Musei Capitolini, Roma