Apokalips Lɛ​—ani Esa Akɛ Ashe He Gbeyei Aloo Esa Akɛ Akpa Lɛ Gbɛ?

“Ŋmɛnɛ, Apokalips jeee Biblia mli nifeemɔ dɔŋŋ, shi moŋ ebatsɔ nɔ ni baanyɛ aba mli lɛɛlɛŋ.”​—Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, tsutsu Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔ.

BƆ NI jeŋ hiɛnyiɛlɔ ko ni ale lɛ waa lɛ kɛ wiemɔ “akpokalips” lɛ tsu nii eha lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni mɛi babaoo nuɔ shishi, kɛ bɔ ni amɛnaa ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ sinii kɛ woji agbɛi, woji tɛtrɛbii amli saji, kɛ adafitswaa woji amli amaniɛbɔi amli ahaa. Eteeɔ jeŋ fɛɛ amanehulu he ninaai ashi. Shi mɛni ji nɔ ni wiemɔ “apokalips” lɛ tsɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ? Ni nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ lolo lɛ, mɛɛ shɛɛ sane yɔɔ Biblia mli wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Apokalips, loo Kpojiemɔ lɛ mli?

Wiemɔ “apokalips” lɛ jɛ Hela wiemɔ ni shishi ji “shijiemɔ,” loo “kpojiemɔ” mli.[2] Mɛni ajie lɛ kpo yɛ Biblia mli Kpojiemɔ lɛ mli lɛ? Ani eji hiɛkpatamɔ he shɛɛ sane, hiɛkpatamɔ ni mɔ ko naŋ yibaamɔ he adafitswaa kɛkɛ ko? Beni abi yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Jean Delumeau, ni ji Institut de France lɛ mlinyo lɛ bɔ ni esusuɔ yɛ Apokalips lɛ he lɛ, ejaje akɛ: “Eji wolo ní haa mɔ miishɛjemɔ kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ. Gbɔmɛi egbala jwɛŋmɔ kɛtee emli saji ni yɔɔ gbeyei lɛ pɛ nɔ ni amɛkɛwo emli saji lɛ ahe fe nine.”[3]

Mra Be Mli Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Apokalips Lɛ

Te mra be mli “Kristofoi” lɛ bu Apokalips lɛ kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni ekɛhaa yɛ Kristo Afii Akpe Nɔyeli (Millennium) yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ amɛha tɛŋŋ? Nakai yinɔsaneŋmalɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ wie akɛ: “Kɛha mi lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni Kristofoi ni hi shi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai fioo lɛ amli lɛ fɛɛ kpɛlɛ afii akpe tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ. . . . Kristofoi ni hi shi yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai lɛ amli, ni he Afii Akpe lɛ amɛye lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi ni ale waa ji Papias, osɔfonukpa ni yɔɔ Hierapolis yɛ Asia Bibioo lɛ, . . . Hetselɔ Justin, ni afɔ́ lɛ yɛ Palestine, ni gbo lá odasefonyo gbele yɛ Roma aaafee afi 165 lɛ, Hetselɔ Irenæus, ni ji Lyons osɔfonukpa ni gbo yɛ afi 202 lɛ, Tertullian, ni gbo yɛ afi 222 lɛ, kɛ . . . niŋmalɔ kpeteŋkpele Lactantius.”[4]

The Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ wie Papias, ni abɔ amaniɛ akɛ egbo lá odasefonyo gbele yɛ Pergamum yɛ afi 161 loo afi 165 Ŋ.B.[5] lɛ he akɛ: “Hierapolis Osɔfonukpa Papias, ni ji Hetselɔ Yohane kaselɔ lɛ, tsɔɔ akɛ efiɔ afii akpe nɔyeli tsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Etsɔɔ akɛ enine shɛ etsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ kɛjɛ mɛi ni hi shi yɛ Bɔfoi lɛ abeaŋ lɛ ŋɔɔ, ni Irenæus gba akɛ ‘Presbyterbii’ krokomɛi, ni na kaselɔ Yohane ní amɛnu ewiemɔ lɛ, kase afii akpe nɔyeli tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛjɛ eŋɔɔ ákɛ eji Nuntsɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ fã. Taakɛ Eusebius tsɔɔ lɛ . . . Papias tsɔɔ yɛ ewolo lɛ mli akɛ afii akpe nɔyeli ni abaana, ni ji Kristo shikpɔŋ nɔ maŋtsɛyeli ní yɔɔ nyam lɛ baanyiɛ gbohiiashitee lɛ sɛɛ.”[6]

Mɛni enɛ kɛɔ wɔ yɛ hewalɛ ni Apokalips, loo Kpojiemɔ wolo lɛ ná yɛ mra be mli heyelilɔi lɛ nɔ lɛ he? Ani ekanya gbeyeishemɔ loo hiɛnɔkamɔ? Miishɛɛ sane ji akɛ, yinɔsaneŋmalɔi tsɛ́ blema Kristofoi lɛ akɛ afii akpe bii,[7] kɛjɛ Hela wiemɔ khiʹli·a eʹte (afii akpe) mli.[8] Hɛɛ, ale amɛteŋ mɛi babaoo akɛ amɛhe Kristo Afii Akpe Nɔyeli, ni kɛ paradeiso shihilɛi baaba shikpɔŋ nɔ lɛ amɛye. He ni atsĩ afii akpe hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ tã diɛŋtsɛ yɛ, yɛ Biblia lɛ mli pɛ ji Apokalips, loo Kpojiemɔ. (20:​1-7) No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni eeewo heyelilɔi ahe gbeyei lɛ, Apokalips lɛ ha amɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni yɔɔ nyam. Yɛ ewolo ni ji The Early Church and the World lɛ mli lɛ, Cecil Cadoux, ni ji Oxford tsɔɔlɔ nukpa ni tsɔɔ sɔlemɔ he yinɔsane lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ yɛ naagbee lɛ akpoo afii akpebii lɛ asusumɔi lɛ moŋ, shi ahiɛ mli aahu yɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli be kpalaŋŋ, ni niŋmalɔi ni abuɔ amɛ waa lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi tsɔɔ.”

Nɔ Hewɔ ní Akpoo Apokalips Hiɛnɔkamɔ Lɛ

Akɛni eji yinɔsane mli anɔkwale ni anyɛŋ aje he ŋwane akɛ, mɛi babaoo, kɛ́ jeee mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ fɛɛ kpá Kristo Afii Akpe Nɔyeli yɛ shikpɔŋ nɔ paradeiso mli lɛ gbɛ hewɔ lɛ,[10] te fee tɛŋŋ ni “yɛ naagbee lɛ akpoo” nakai “afii akpebii lɛ asusumɔi” lɛ? Shitee-kɛ-woo wiemɔi komɛi ní ja gbɛ je kpo ejaakɛ, taakɛ nilelɔ Robert Mounce tsɔɔ lɛ, “mɔbɔ sane ji akɛ, afii akpebii lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii ŋmɛ gbɛ ni amɛsusumɔi lɛ bafee babaoo, ni amɛnu afii akpe be lɛ shishi akɛ heloonaa ninamɔ kɛ ŋɔɔmɔyeli be.”[11] Shi kulɛ abaanyɛ ajaje susumɔi ní ejaaa nɛɛ ni akpooo anɔkwa hiɛnɔkamɔ ni ayɔɔ kɛha Afii Akpe lɛ.

Nɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji gbɛ̀i ni shitee-kɛ-wolɔi lɛ tsɔ nɔ amɛba afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ shi lɛ. Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique lɛ wie Roma sɔlemɔyalɔ Caius (ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ naagbee gbɛ, kɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ shishijee gbɛ) lɛ he akɛ, “bɔni afee ni eye afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ nɔ lɛ, ekpoo yɛ faŋŋ mli akɛ Apokalips [Kpojiemɔ] lɛ kɛ Hetselɔ Yohane Sanekpakpa lɛ ejaaa.” Dictionnaire nɛɛ tee nɔ ewie akɛ, Dionysius, ni ji afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli osɔfo nukpa ni yɔɔ Alexandria lɛ ŋma sane ko eshi afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ akɛ, “bɔni afee ni etsĩ mɛi ni nyiɛɔ jwɛŋmɔ nɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ anaa koni amɛkɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ akadamɔ Hetselɔ Yohane Apokalips lɛ nɔ lɛ, eshashaooo shi akɛ eeekpoo ja ni eja lɛ.”[12] Nɛkɛ nyɛ̃ɛ ní akɛte shi awo hiɛnɔkamɔ ni tsɔɔ afii akpe jɔɔmɔi yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ nɛɛ jieɔ hewalɛ ni yɔɔ nigii ni tsuɔ nii yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nikaselɔi ateŋ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ kpo.

Yɛ ewolo ni ji The Pursuit of the Millennium lɛ mli lɛ, Tsɔɔlɔ nukpa Norman Cohn ŋma akɛ: “Afii ohai etɛ lɛ bafee afi ni aka klɛŋklɛŋ akɛ aaakpoo afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ, beni Origen, ni ekolɛ ehé gbɛi fe fɛɛ yɛ blema Sɔlemɔ lɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔi lɛ fɛɛ ateŋ lɛ, bɔi wiemɔ akɛ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ jeee nifeemɔ ni baaba mli diɛŋtsɛ yɛ be ko mli, shi moŋ ebaaba yɛ heyelilɔi lɛ asusumai amli pɛ.”[13] Akɛni ekɛ ehe fɔ̃ Hela jeŋ nilee nɔ moŋ fe Biblia lɛ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, Origen futu shikpɔŋ nɔ jɔɔmɔi ahe hiɛnɔkamɔ ni yɔɔ nyam yɛ Mesia Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ shishi lɛ ni ebatsɔ “nifeemɔ ni baaba . . . yɛ heyelilɔi lɛ asusumai amli” ni anuuu shishi. Katolik niŋmalɔ Léon Gry ŋma akɛ: “Hela jeŋ nilee ni bahe shi lɛ . . . ha Afii Akpebii asusumɔi lɛ ba shi fiofio.”[15]

“Sɔlemɔ lɛ Elaaje Ehiɛnɔkamɔ Shɛɛ Sane Lɛ”

Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, Augustine ji Sɔlemɔ Nukpa ni fee babaoo fe fɛɛ ni ekɛ Hela jeŋ nilee lɛ futu nɔ ni yɛ ebeaŋ lɛ etamɔ Kristojamɔ kɛkɛ lɛ.[18] Kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ, kulɛ efiɔ afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ sɛɛ, shi yɛ naagbee lɛ, ekpoo susumɔ ni ahiɛ yɛ Kristo Afii Akpe Nɔyeli ní baaba shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ wɔsɛɛ lɛ kwraa. Efutu Kpojiemɔ yitso 20 lɛ shishinumɔ kwraa.

The Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Augustine kɛ nɔmimaa kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, afii akpe nɔyeli ko baŋ. . . . Ekɛɔ wɔ akɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ shitee ni yitso nɛɛ wieɔ he lɛ, kɔɔ mumɔŋ fɔmɔ ekoŋŋ yɛ baptisimɔ mli lɛ he; afii akpe hejɔɔmɔ ní nyiɛ yinɔsane afii akpei ekpaa lɛ sɛɛ lɛ ji naanɔ wala muu lɛ fɛɛ.”[19] The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ wieɔ akɛ: “Augustine afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli ni efutu lɛ lɛ batsɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ . . . Protestant Jamɔ Hiɛtsakelɔi ni yɔɔ Lutherbii, Calvinbii, kɛ Anglikanbii ateŋ lɛ . . . kɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛ Augustine susumɔi lɛ ahe.”[20] No hewɔ lɛ, atsĩ Kristendom sɔlemɔi lɛ amli bii lɛ anaa koni amɛkana afii akpe hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ.

Kɛfata he lɛ, taakɛ Switzerlandnyo jamɔ he nilelɔ Frédéric de Rougemont tsɔɔ lɛ, “[Augustine] kɛ kwamɔ ní ekwa afii akpe nɔyeli lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni eyɔɔ tsutsu lɛ ye Sɔlemɔ lɛ awui waa diɛŋtsɛ. Yɛ hegbɛ babaoo ni egbɛi lɛ yɔɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, ekpɛlɛ tɔ̃mɔ ko ni haaa [Sɔlemɔ lɛ] ana eshikpɔŋ nɔ susumɔi lɛ nɔ.”[21] Germany jamɔ he nilelɔ Adolf Harnack kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ Afii Akpe lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni akpoo lɛ haaa gbɔmɛi foji lɛ aná “jamɔ ni amɛnuɔ shishi lɛ,” ni akɛ “hemɔkɛyeli ko ni amɛnyɛɛɛ amɛnu shishi” baye “blema hemɔkɛyeli kɛ blema hiɛnɔkamɔi” lɛ anajiaŋ.[22] Jamɔi ni efee shwɛm yɛ shikpɔji babaoo nɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ hemɔkɛyeli kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ ni abaanyɛ anu shishi he miihia gbɔmɛi.

Yɛ ewolo ni ji Highlights of the Book of Revelation lɛ mli lɛ, Biblia he nilelɔ George Beasley-Murray ŋma akɛ: “Yɛ hewalɛ babaoo ni Augustine yɔɔ lɛ yɛ afã kome, kɛ jamɔ kui ni kpɛlɛ afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ nɔ lɛ hu yɛ afã kroko lɛ hewɔ titri lɛ, Katolikbii kɛ Protestantbii efee ekome kɛkpoo. Beni abi amɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ kroko ni amɛyɔɔ kɛha adesa yɛ je nɛɛ mli lɛ, hetoo ni amɛha ji: Eko kwraa bɛ. Abaakpata je lɛ hiɛ yɛ Kristo baa ni ji enyɔ lɛ mli ni ebaagbele gbɛ eha naanɔ ŋwɛi kɛ hɛl ni hiɛ baakpa yinɔsane nɔ kwraa yɛ mli. . . . Sɔlemɔ lɛ elaaje eshɛɛ sane ní haa mɔ hiɛnɔkamɔ lɛ.”[23]

Apokalips Hiɛnɔkamɔ ni Yɔɔ Nyam lɛ Yɛ Lolo!

Yɛ Yehowa Odasefoi agbɛfaŋ lɛ, amɛyɛ nɔmimaa akɛ shiwoi ni yɔɔ nyam ni kɔɔ Afii Akpe lɛ he lɛ baaba mli. Beni abiɔ France yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Jean Delumeau saji yɛ France tɛlivishiŋ nɔ nifeemɔ ni yitso ji “Afi 2000: Apokalips lɛ Gbeyeishemɔ” lɛ mli lɛ, ewie akɛ: “Yehowa Odasefoi nyiɛ afii akpe hemɔkɛyeli lɛ sɛɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ejaakɛ amɛkɛɔ akɛ etsɛŋ ni . . . wɔbaabote​—akpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ kɛtsɔ hiɛkpatamɔ ko mli​—miishɛɛ afii 1,000 be ko mli.”[25]

Enɛ ji nɔ ni bɔfo Yohane na yɛ ninaa ko mli ni ewie he yɛ ewolo ni ji Apokalips, loo Kpojiemɔ lɛ mli lɛ. Eŋma akɛ: “Mina ŋwɛi hee kɛ shikpɔŋ hee . . . Ni minu gbee kpeteŋkpele ko jɛ maŋtsɛsɛi lɛ mli kɛɛ: Naa, Nyɔŋmɔ buu lɛ yɛ gbɔmɛi ateŋ, ni eeeshi ebuu lɛ yɛ amɛteŋ, ni amɛaatsɔmɔ emaŋ, ni Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ amɛ aaahi shi, ni eeetsɔ amɛ-Nyɔŋmɔ. Ni Nyɔŋmɔ aaatsumɔ amɛhiɛaŋ yaafonui fɛɛ, ni gbele bɛ dɔŋŋ, ni ŋkɔmɔyeli ko kɛ bolɔmɔ ko kɛ nɔnaa ko hu bɛ dɔŋŋ; ejaakɛ tsutsu nii lɛ eho etee.”​—Kpojiemɔ 21:​1, 3, 4.

Yehowa Odasefoi kɛ amɛhe ewo jeŋ fɛɛ Biblia tsɔsemɔ nitsumɔ ko mli koni amɛye amɛbua mɛi babaoo bɔ ni amɛaanyɛ koni amɛmɔ hiɛnɔkamɔ nɛɛ mli. Amɛbaaná he miishɛɛ akɛ amɛaaye amɛbua bo ni okase enɛ he nii babaoo.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]

Papias tsɔɔ akɛ enine shɛ Afii Akpe tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ tɛ̃ɛ kɛjɛ mɛi ni hi shi yɛ bɔfoi lɛ abeaŋ lɛ aŋɔɔ

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]

Tertullian hé Kristo Afii Akpe Nɔyeli lɛ eye

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]

“[Augustine] kɛ kwamɔ ní ekwa afii akpe nɔyeli lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni eyɔɔ tsutsu lɛ ye Sɔlemɔ lɛ awui waa diɛŋtsɛ”

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 8]

Paradeiso shikpɔŋ ni awo he shi yɛ Apokalips lɛ mli lɛ ji nɔ ko ni esa akɛ akɛ he hiamɔ akpa lɛ gbɛ