Complutonbii A-biblia Ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli Wiemɔi Ashishitsɔɔmɔ Dɛŋdade ko ni Ehé Gbɛi Waa

AAAFEE afi 1455 mli lɛ, tsakemɔ kpele ko ba yɛ Biblia lɛ kalamɔ mli. Johannes Gutenberg kɛ woji akalamɔ tsɔne ko tsu nii ni ekɛkala Biblia ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ ni akɛ niŋmaa okadii komekomei ni akpɛ awo dade nɔ tsu he nii lɛ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, naatsii ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ he ákɛ wolo ko ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni faaa lɛ sɛɛ fo. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, anyɛ akala Bibliai babaoo kɛ ehe nyɔmɔbɔɔ ni faaa kwraa. Etsɛɛɛ ni Biblia lɛ batsɔ wolo ko ni aja babaoo yɛ je lɛŋ fe woji fɛɛ.

Gutenberg ŋma e-Biblia lɛ yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli. Shi etsɛɛɛ ni Europa woloŋlelɔi yɔse akɛ ehe miihia ni amɛná Biblia mli ŋmalɛi ni abaanyɛ akɛ he afɔ nɔ yɛ shishijee wiemɔi ni aŋmala yɛ mli lɛ amli—Hebri kɛ Hela. Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ bu Vulgate ni aŋma yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli lɛ akɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ pɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛɔ nɔ, shi naagbai wuji enyɔ komɛi te shi. Yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ mli lɛ, no mli lɛ mɛi pii nuuu Latin. Kɛfata he lɛ, yɛ nɔ ni fe afii 1000 sɛɛ lɛ, tɔmɔi babaoo je kpo yɛ nɔ ni ajɛ Vulgate ŋmalɛi lɛ amli aŋmala ashwie shi lɛ amli.

Ehe bahia ni wiemɔi ashishitsɔɔlɔi kɛ woloŋlelɔi lɛ fɛɛ aná Biblia ko ni yɔɔ shishijee wiemɔi amli, kɛ Latin shishitsɔɔmɔ hu ní atsu he nii jogbaŋŋ. Yɛ afi 1502 mli lɛ, osɔfonukpa Jiménez de Cisneros, ni eji ŋaawolɔ yɛ maŋkwramɔ kɛ mumɔŋ saji ahe kɛha Isabella I, ni jɛ Spain lɛ, kpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ekɛ wolo kome pɛ baatsu amɛhiamɔ nii lɛ ahe nii. Abale nɛkɛ wiemɔi ashishitsɔɔmɔ dɛŋdade ni ehé gbɛi waa nɛɛ akɛ Complutonbii a-Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli. Cisneros yiŋtoo ji koni aná Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli, ni Hebri, Hela, kɛ Latin ŋmalɛi ni fe fɛɛ lɛ yɔɔ mli, kɛ efãi komɛi ni aŋmala yɛ Aramaik wiemɔ mli. No mli lɛ kpaako ajeɔ woji akalamɔ shishi, no hewɔ lɛ, nɛkɛ nifeemɔ nɛɛ kɛ hiɛyaa ko baaba woji akalamɔ he nitsumɔ lɛ mli.

Cisneros je enitsumɔ ni heɔ be kɛ mɔdɛŋbɔɔ lɛ shishi kɛtsɔ blema niŋmaai ni akɛ niji ŋmala yɛ Hebri wiemɔ mli, ní no mli lɛ efa yɛ Spain lɛ babaoo ni ehe lɛ nɔ. Ebua Hela kɛ Latin niŋmaai ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ hu srɔtoi anaa. Enɛɛmɛi amli abaajɛ aŋmala ŋmalɛi ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ. Cisneros tuu niŋmalamɔ kɛ amɛnaabuamɔ nitsumɔ lɛ ewo woloŋlelɔi akuu ko ni eto amɛhe gbɛjianɔ yɛ University of Alcalá de Henares, ni yɔɔ Spain ni ato shishi etsɛko lɛ mli lɛ adɛŋ. Erasmus, ni jɛ Rotterdam lɛ fata woloŋlelɔi ni abi koni amɛkɛ amɛhe awo mli lɛ ahe, shi nɛkɛ mɔ ni ehé gbɛi waa yɛ wiemɔi srɔtoi ni enuɔ hewɔ lɛ kpoo ninefɔ̃ɔ lɛ.

Woloŋlelɔi lɛ kɛ afii nyɔŋma tsu niŋmaa kɛ naabuamɔ nitsumɔ kpele nɛɛ he nii, ni yɛ no sɛɛ lɛ, Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kalamɔ lɛ he afii ejwɛ kroko. Aná nitsumɔ mli naagbai babaoo, akɛni Spain woji akalalɔi lɛ bɛ niŋmaa okadii yɛ Hebri, Hela, loo Aramaik wiemɔi amli lɛ hewɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, Cisneros ha Arnaldo Guillermo Brocario, ni eji woji akalalɔ ko ni he esa waa lɛ bafata amɛhe, koni eto niŋmaa okadii ni yɔɔ wiemɔi nɛɛ amli lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, woji akalalɔi lɛ bɔi Bibliai akalamɔ yɛ afi 1514 mli. Agbe wolokpoi ekpaa lɛ anaa yɛ July 10, 1517 mli, yɛ nyɔji ejwɛ ni tsɔ osɔfonukpa lɛ gbele lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli. Akala woji ni ágbe naa lɛ aaafee ohai ekpaa, yɛ be ni Spainbii ayiwalɛ niseniianifeemɔ ni akɛba jamɔ mli atuatselɔi anɔ lɛ mli wo wu lɛ nɔŋŋ mli.a

Wolo lɛ Mli Niŋmaai lɛ Ahe Gbɛjianɔtoo

Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli baafa fɛɛ baafa kɛ nikasemɔi babaoo haa. Yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi wolokpoi ejwɛ lɛ amli lɛ, Vulgate ŋmalɛi lɛ je kpo yɛ baafa fɛɛ baafa teŋ tuuntu; Hebri niŋmaai lɛ je kpo yɛ baafa lɛ abɛku kɛ ninejurɔgbɛ; ni Hela ŋmalɛi ni akɛ Latin shishitsɔɔmɔi ehɔlɔ mli lɛ je kpo yɛ baafa lɛ mligbɛ. Yɛ baafa fɛɛ baafa naabugbɛ lɛ, anaa shishijee Hebri wiemɔi babaoo yɛ jɛmɛ. Ni yɛ Mose Woji Enumɔ lɛ amli baafa fɛɛ baafa shishigbɛ lɛ, woloŋmalɔi lɛ kɛ Targum of Onkelos (Aramaik wiemɔ kuku ko ni damɔ shi kɛha Biblia mli klɛŋklɛŋ woji enumɔ) ni Latin shishitsɔɔmɔ hu fata he hɔlɔ mli.

Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli wolokpo ni ji enumɔ lɛ hiɛ Hela Ŋmalɛi ni ajara mli awo fãi enyɔ mli. Hela ŋmalɛi lɛ je kpo yɛ afa kome, ni Vulgate ni ji eshishitsɔɔmɔ yɛ Latin mli lɛ hu je kpo yɛ afã kroko lɛ mli. Atsɔ niŋmaa okadii bibii anɔ bɔni afee ni niŋmaai ni yɔɔ wiemɔi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ amli lɛ ahi ŋɛlɛ kome nɔ, ni egbalaa nikanelɔ lɛ jwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa wiemɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ shishitsɔɔmɔ yɛ fãi lɛ fɛɛ amli lɛ nɔ. Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli Hela Ŋmalɛi, loo “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” lɛ ji Hela niŋmaai lɛ amli klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ ni akala agbe naa, no sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ ni shishitsɔɔmɔ ni Erasmus to he gbɛjianɔ lɛ nyiɛ sɛɛ.

Woloŋlelɔi lɛ kɛ henɔkwɛmɔ jogbaŋŋ tsu nii yɛ wolokpo ni ji enumɔ lɛ mli ŋmalɛi lɛ amli kanemɔ ekoŋŋ lɛ mli aahu akɛ, woji akalamɔ mli tɔmɔi 50 pɛ je kpo yɛ mli. Yɛ henɔkwɛmɔ jogbaŋŋ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni woloŋlelɔi lɛ kɛtsu nii hewɔ lɛ, ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ mɛi ni wieɔ shiɔ nii lɛ ebu lɛ akɛ nɔ ko ni nɔ kwɔ fe Hela ŋmalɛi ni ehe gbɛi ni Erasmus tsɔɔ shishi lɛ. Hela niŋmaa okadii ni yɔɔ fɛo waa lɛ kɛ blema niŋmaa ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ye egbɔ. Beni R. Proctor wieɔ yɛ ewolo ni ji The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century lɛ mli lɛ, ekɛɛ akɛ: “Spain nɔ ji shidaa akɛ efee Hela niŋmaa okadii henɔ ko ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ, ni ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ eji Hela niŋmaa okadii ni akpɛ awo dadei anɔ ni yɔɔ fɛo fe fɛɛ.”

Biblia kasemɔ he nibii srɔtoi yɛ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli nɛɛ wolokpo ni ji ekpaa lɛ mli: Hebri kɛ Aramaik wiemɔ komekomei ashishitsɔɔmɔ wolo, gbɛii ashishitsɔɔmɔ yɛ Hela, Hebri, kɛ Aramaik wiemɔi amli, Hebri wiemɔ he mla, kɛ wiemɔi ni ato naa yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli kɛha wiemɔ komekomei ashishitsɔɔmɔ wolo lɛ mli taomɔ. Ebɛ naakpɛɛ mɔ akɛ, ajie Complutonbii A-Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ yi akɛ “kaimɔnɔ ko kɛha niŋmaai ni akɛ ŋaalee eto naa, kɛ Ŋmalɛ mli nilee.”

Cisneros yiŋtoo yɛ wolo nɛɛ he ji “koni ekɛtee mɛi amiishɛɛ shi kɛha ŋmalɛi lɛ akasemɔ ekoŋŋ,” shi kɛlɛ, esumɔɔɔ ni maŋbii fɛɛ anine ashɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ. Esusu akɛ “esa akɛ atsi Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ naa yɛ teemɔ mli bɔni afee ni mɔ folo ko nine akashɛ nɔ.” Ehe eye hu akɛ “esa akɛ aha Biblia lɛ ahi blema wiemɔi etɛ ni Nyɔŋmɔ ŋmɛ gbɛ ni aŋmala wiemɔi yɛ mli yɛ e-Bi ni asɛŋ lɛ lɛ yiteŋgbɛ lɛ pɛ mli.”b Yɛ yiŋtoo nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, atsɔɔɔ wiemɔ ko shishi kɛyaaa Spanish wiemɔ mli yɛ Complutonbii a-Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli.

Kɛ́ akɛ Vulgate lɛ Miito Shishijee Wiemɔi lɛ Ahe

Bɔ ni Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ su yɔɔ ha lɛ kɛ naataomɔi komɛi ba woloŋlelɔi ni tsu he nii lɛ ateŋ. Afã Antonio de Nebrija,c ni eji Spain woloŋlelɔ ni ehé gbɛi waa lɛ koni ejaje tɔmɔi ni yɔɔ Vulgate ŋmalɛi ni baaje kpo yɛ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli. Eyɛ mli akɛ Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ bu Vulgate ni Jerome ŋma lɛ akɛ eji shishitsɔɔmɔ pɛ ni ja moŋ, shi Nebrija na akɛ ehe miihia ni ekɛ Vulgate lɛ ato shishijee Hebri, Aramaik, kɛ Hela niŋmaai lɛ ahe. Esumɔ akɛ ejaje tɔmɔi ni yɔɔ faŋŋ ni etsɔ Vulgate Bibliai ni yɔɔ lɛ fã lɛ.

Bɔni afee ni Nebrija atsu srɔtofeemɔi fɛɛ ni kã Vulgate lɛ kɛ shishijee wiemɔi lɛ ateŋ lɛ he nii lɛ, ebɔ Cisneros kɔkɔ akɛ: “Ha nibii enyɔ ni kɔɔ wɔjamɔ he ni bɛ faŋŋ, ni ji Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔi lɛ afee faŋŋ shikome ekoŋŋ. Wo mɛi ni kɛ amɛhe baaha kɛtsu nitsumɔ nɛɛ nyɔmɔ.” Ni ekɛ saji ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ ha koni asusu he: “Be fɛɛ be ni srɔtofeemɔ ko baaje kpo yɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee ni akɛ niji ŋmala yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli lɛ mli lɛ, esa akɛ wɔkɛto Hela nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ he. Be fɛɛ be ni abaana srɔtofeemɔ ko yɛ Latin woji srɔtoi ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ amli loo srɔtofeemɔ ko yɛ Latin kɛ Hela Kpaŋmɔ Momo ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ateŋ lɛ, no lɛ esa akɛ wɔtao mli ni wɔna shishijee Hebri wiemɔ ni ja ni akɛtsu nii lɛ.”

Te Cisneros here nɔ eha tɛŋŋ? Yɛ Cisneros hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔi ni je kpo yɛ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli lɛ, ejaje esusumɔi lɛ etsɔɔ faŋŋ. “Wɔkɛ Latin shishitsɔɔmɔ ni Jerome, ni ji mɔ ni ajɔɔ lɛ lɛ tsu he nii lɛ efɔ̃ Kpeehe nɔ̃ lɛ [Hebri ŋmalɛi lɛ] kɛ Bokagbɛ Sɔlemɔ nɔ̃ lɛ [Hela ŋmalɛi lɛ] ateŋ, taakɛ asɛŋ ojotswalɔi lɛ yɛ Yesu, mɔ ni damɔ shi kɛha Roma, loo Latin Sɔlemɔ lɛ, afã biɛ kɛ biɛ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.” No hewɔ lɛ, Cisneros eŋmɛɛɛ Nebrija gbɛ koni ejaje Vulgate niŋmaai ni yɔɔ Latin wiemɔ mli lɛ, bɔni afee ni ekɛ shishijee wiemɔi ni aŋmala ŋmalɛi lɛ yɛ mli lɛ akpãa gbee. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Nebrija kpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ebaakpa nitsumɔ lɛ moŋ fe nɔ ni akɛ egbɛi aaakpɛtɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ko ni yeee emuu lɛ he.

Comma Johanneum

Eyɛ mli akɛ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli ni Alcalá de Henares Universitybii lɛ ŋma lɛ ye ebua ni aná hiɛyaa kpele yɛ shishijee wiemɔi ni aŋmala Biblia lɛ yɛ mli lɛ mli moŋ, shi bei komɛi lɛ akɛ kusumii yeɔ woloŋlee najiaŋ. Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔi lɛ bu Vulgate lɛ akɛ enɔ kwɔ aahu akɛ bei babaoo lɛ, yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni amɛaajaje Latin niŋmaai lɛ bɔni afee ni ekɛ shishijee Hela ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” lɛ mli lɛ akpãa gbee lɛ, amɛnu he akɛ esa akɛ amɛjaje Hela niŋmaai lɛ moŋ ni ekɛ Latin nɔ lɛ akpãa gbee. Nɔkwɛmɔnii nɛɛ ateŋ ekome ji apasa wiemɔi ni ehe shi waa ni ji comma Johanneumd lɛ. Nɛkɛ wiemɔ nɛɛ, ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ akɛhɔlɔ mli yɛ afii ohai abɔ sɛɛ, be mli ni Yohana eŋma ewolo lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ejeee kpo yɛ mra be mli Hela niŋmaai ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ eko kwraa mli; ni ejeee kpo yɛ Latin niŋmaai ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ, ni yɔɔ Vulgate lɛ mli lɛ hu mli. No hewɔ lɛ, Erasmus jie nɛkɛ wiemɔ ni ejaaa nɛɛ kɛjɛ “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” ni etsɔɔ shishi kɛtee Hela wiemɔ mli lɛ mli.

Mɛi ni ŋma Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ shashao shi akɛ amɛaajie Vulgate ŋmalɛi lɛ mli kuku ko ni etsɔ amɛshihilɛ lɛ fã afii ohai abɔ lɛ kɛjɛ mli. No hewɔ lɛ, amɛshi apasa wiemɔi lɛ yɛ Latin niŋmaai lɛ amli ni amɛkpɛ amɛyiŋ akɛ amɛaatsɔɔ shishi ni amɛkɛwo Hela ŋmalɛi lɛ amli bɔni afee ni fãi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ kɛ amɛhe akpãa gbee.

Shishitoo Nɔ̃ Kɛha Biblia Shishitsɔɔmɔ Hee

Bɔ ni Complutonbii A-Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ he hiaa ha lɛ damɔɔɔ anɔkwale ni eji kɛkɛ akɛ klɛŋklɛŋ Hela Ŋmalɛi ni eye emuu ni akala, ni Septuagint nɔ lɛ hu fata he lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ nɔ. Taakɛ bɔ ni Hela “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” ni Erasmus ŋma lɛ bafee Hela Ŋmalɛ ni Nine Eshɛ nɔ (ŋmalɛ ni adamɔ nɔ atsɔɔ wiemɔi ashishi kɛtee wiemɔi krokomɛi babaoo amli) lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ Hebri ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ mli lɛ bafee shishitoo nɔ ni sa jogbaŋŋ kɛha Hebri kɛ Aramaik Ŋmalɛi lɛ.e William Tyndale kɛ Hebri ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ tsu nii ni ekɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee Blɔfo wiemɔ mli.

No hewɔ lɛ, nitsumɔ ni biɔ nilee babaoo ni kuu lɛ tsu ni akɛná Complutonbii A-Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ, tsu babaoo yɛ Ŋmalɛi amli nilee he hiɛyaa mli. Akala yɛ be ni suɔmɔ ni ayɔɔ kɛha Biblia lɛ ni miiya hiɛ yɛ Europa he fɛɛ he lɛ, ha ehe bahia ni atsɔɔ shishi kɛya gbɔmɛi lɛ awiemɔ mli lɛ mli. Biblia ni Maji Anɔ Wiemɔi Srɔtoi Yɔɔ Mli lɛ bafee tsakpaa kroko hu ni ye ebua yɛ Hela kɛ Hebri ŋmalɛi lɛ ahe tsuumɔ kɛ amɛyibaamɔ mli. Enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Yiŋtoo akɛ ‘Yehowa wiemɔ ni mli tse,’ “wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ” lɛ kpaa gbee.—Lala 18:31; Yesaia 40:8; 1 Petro 1:25.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 30]

Antonio de Nebrija

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28 lɛ Jɛ]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid